Old Ravenish

Old Ravenish
𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍉̄𐌽
Pronunciation	[θiu̯.ðiʃ.koːn]
Created by	wfozøra
Language family	Indo-European Germanic Old Ravenish
Writing system	Latin

Old Ravenish (autoglossonym: þiudiskōn; Ravenish: [θiu̯.ðiʃ.koːn]) is a Germanic language.

Introduction

Goals

• Fun
• Learn more Germanic

Inspiration

• Proto-Germanic
• My love for old Germanic languages

Etymology

The language name derives from the same source as German Deutsch, þiudiskaz. The English name is in reference to a cultural aspect of the people, their unusually large reverence for Ravens, they place an oddly high importance on Ravens even for a Germanic tribe.

Phonology

Orthography

Orthography

IPA	Gothic		romaniz.
/a, aː, aːː/	𐌰, 𐌰̄, 𐌰̱		a, ā, â
/v/	𐌱		b
/ʁ/	𐌲		g
/ð/	𐌳		d
/e, eː, eːː/	𐌴, 𐌴̄, 𐌴̱		e, ē, ê
/kʷ/	𐌵		q
/z, ʒ/	𐌶		z
/χ/	𐌷		h
/θ/	𐌸		þ
/i, iː/	𐌹, 𐌹̄		i, ī
/k/	𐌺		k
/l/	𐌻		l
/l̥/	𐌷𐌻		hl
/m/	𐌼		m
/n/	𐌽		n
/j/	𐌾		j
/u/	𐌿, 𐌿̄		u, ū
/p/	𐍀		p
/(æ), æː, æːː/	(𐍁) 𐍁̄ 𐍁̱		(ä) æ, ǣ
/r/	𐍂		r
/r̥/	𐌷𐍂		hr
/s/	𐍃		s
/t/	𐍄		t
/w/	𐍅		w
/f/	𐍆		f
/χʷ/	𐍈		ƕ/hw
/(o), oː, oːː/	(𐍉), 𐍉̄, 𐍉̱		(o), ō, ô

Consonants

Consonants have remained relatively close to Proto-Germanic, except for the few stops that had fricative allophones, these shifted fully to fricatives, the opposite of all other Germanic langs, the Velar fricatives also shifted to Uvular.

Consonant phonemes

	Labial		Dental		alveolar		post- alveolar		palatal		Velar		Uvular
Nasal		m				n						(ŋ)¹, ŋʷ²
Stop	p				t						k, kʷ
Fricative	f	v	θ	ð	s	z	(ʃ)³	(ʒ)⁴					χ, χʷ	ʁ, ʁʷ
Approximant		w			l̥	l				j
Trill					r̥	r								ʀ

1. allophone of /n/ before /k/
2. allophone of /n/ before /kʷ/
3. allophone of /s/ before velars and at word ends
4. allophone of /z/ before velars and at word ends

Sound Changes from PG

ɛ>æ

g>ɣ>ʁ, x>χ

b>β>v, ɸ>f, d>ð

Nasalization becomes /n/ after the vowel, PG '*þiudiskǭ' to Old Ravenish 'þiudiskōn'

ɔ>ɑ before a fricative, ɔ>o elsewhere

/s, z/ to /ʃ, ʒ/ before velars and at the end of words.

Vowels

Vowel phonemes

	Front						Back
	short		long		overlong		short		long		overlong
Close	i		iː				u		uː
mid	e		eː		eːː				oː		oːː
Open			æː		æːː		ɑ		ɑː		ɑːː

Diphthongs

	Front		Back
Closing	ai̯	ai̯ː	ou̯	ou̯ː

Prosody

Stress

Stress, like in PG, still lies solely on the first syllable unless prefixed, where stress moves with the root word.

Morphology

Pronouns

Needs lots of updating.

𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍉̄𐌽 personal pronouns

			Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative
first person	singular		𐌹𐌺	𐌼𐌹𐌺	𐌼𐌹̄𐌽𐌰𐌶	𐌼𐌹𐌶
	dual		𐍅𐌹𐍄	𐌿𐌽𐌺	𐌿𐌽𐌺𐌴𐍂𐌰𐌶	𐌿𐌽𐌺𐌹𐌶
	plural		𐍅𐌹𐌶	𐌿𐌽𐍃	𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌴𐍂𐌰𐌶	𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌹𐌶
second person	singular		[Term?]	[Term?]	[Term?]	[Term?]
	dual		[Term?]	[Term?]	[Term?]	[Term?]
	plural		[Term?]	[Term?]	[Term?]	[Term?]
third person	singular	masculine	[Term?]	[Term?]	[Term?]	[Term?]
		feminine	[Term?]	[Term?]	[Term?]	[Term?]
		neuter	[Term?]	[Term?]	[Term?]	[Term?]
	plural	masculine	[Term?]	[Term?]	[Term?]	[Term?]
		feminine	[Term?]	[Term?]	[Term?]	[Term?]
		neuter	[Term?]	[Term?]	[Term?]	[Term?]
reflexive			[Term?]	[Term?]	[Term?]	[Term?]

Syntax

Constituent order

The word order is mostly free, the base order is SOV, but this is subject to change when importance needs to be stressed on one word.

Example texts

Beowulf Sentence 1

Gothic

𐍈𐌰𐍄! 𐍅𐌹𐌶 𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌾𐍉𐌽 𐌹𐌽 𐌾𐌴𐍂𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌶 𐌸𐌴𐌿𐌳𐍉𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍉𐌽 𐌸𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐌲𐌰𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌲𐌿𐌽, 𐍈𐍉 𐌸𐍉 𐌰𐌸𐌿𐌻𐌹𐌽𐌲𐌰𐌶 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽𐍉 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽.

Modern

𐍈𐌰𐍄! 𐍅𐌹𐌶 𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌾𐍉̱𐌽 𐌹𐌽 𐌾𐌴̄𐍂𐍉̱𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌶 𐌸𐌴𐌿𐌳𐍉̄𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍉̱𐌽 𐌸𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐌲𐌰𐍆𐍂𐌴̄𐌲𐌿𐌽, 𐍈𐍉̄ 𐌸𐍉̄ 𐌰𐌸𐌿𐌻𐌹𐌽𐌲𐌰̄𐌶 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽𐍉̄ 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌴̄𐌳𐌿𐌽.

Romanization

(ƕat! wiz gaizadanjôn in jērôndagamaz þeudōkuningôn þrumjan gafrēgun, ƕō þō aþulingāz aljanō framidēdun.)

IPA

/χʷɑt wiʒ ʁɑi̯.zɑ.ðɑn.joːːn in jeː.roːːn.ðɑ.ʁɑ.mɑʒ θeu̯.ðoː.ku.nin.ʁoːːn θrum.jɑn ʁɑ.freː.ʁun χʷoː θoː ɑ.θu.lin.ʁɑːʒ ɑl.jɑ.noː frɑ.mi.ðeː.ðun/

Universal Germanic Dialogue

Gothic

Classical

𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌳𐍉 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍂𐌿𐌶 𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌹 𐌽𐍁𐍈, 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐍂𐍉 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌻 𐌵𐌴𐌼𐌰𐌹. 𐌵𐌴𐌼 𐌹𐌽 𐌼𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌶 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌼𐍉 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌶, 𐌼𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌶 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌾𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌶. 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌵𐌴𐌼𐍉. 𐌵𐌴𐌼 𐌷𐌴𐍂, 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍅 𐌾𐌰𐍈 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌺, 𐌴𐍄 𐌾𐌰𐍈 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌺. 𐍃𐌰 𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌹 𐌼𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌶 𐍃𐌹𐌾𐍉𐌽. 𐍅𐌹𐌶 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌶 𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉𐍂, 𐌱𐌴𐌿𐌶𐌰𐌽, 𐌾𐌰𐍈 𐌼𐌴𐌻𐌿𐌺𐍃 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍉𐌽 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 𐌺𐌿. 𐍉, 𐌾𐌰𐍈 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌼𐌰𐌶 𐍃𐌿𐍀𐍉.

Modern

𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌳𐍉̱ 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍂𐌿𐌶 𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌹 𐌽𐍁̄𐍈, 𐍃𐌺𐌿̄𐍂𐍉̄ 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌻 𐌵𐌴𐌼𐌰𐌹. 𐌵𐌴𐌼 𐌹𐌽 𐌼𐌹̄𐌽𐌰𐌶 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌼𐍉̱ 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌶, 𐌼𐌹̄𐌽𐌰𐌶 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌾𐍉̄𐌽𐌳𐌶. 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌵𐌴𐌼𐍉̱. 𐌵𐌴𐌼 𐌷𐌴̄𐍂, 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍅 𐌾𐌰𐍈 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌺, 𐌴𐍄 𐌾𐌰𐍈 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌺. 𐍃𐌰 𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌹 𐌼𐌹̄𐌽𐌰𐌶 𐍃𐌹𐌾𐍉̄𐌽. 𐍅𐌹𐌶 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌶 𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉̄𐍂, 𐌱𐌴𐌿𐌶𐌰𐌽, 𐌾𐌰𐍈 𐌼𐌴𐌻𐌿𐌺𐍃 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍉̄𐌽 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 𐌺𐌿̄. 𐍉, 𐌾𐌰𐍈 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌼𐌰𐌶 𐍃𐌿𐍀𐍉̱.

Romanization

kaldô wintruz isti næƕ, skūrō skal qemai. qem in mīnaz warmô haimaz, mīnaz frijōndz. wiljaqemô. qem hēr, singw jaƕ laik, et jaƕ drink. sa isti mīnaz sijōn. wiz habjamaz watōr, beuzan, jaƕ meluks friskōn fram kū. o, jaƕ warmaz supô.

IPA

/kɑl.ðoːː win.truʒ is.ti næːχʷ ʃkuː.roː ʃkɑl kʷe.mɑi̯ | kʷem in miː.nɑʒ wɑr.moːː χɑi̯.mɑʒ miː.nɑʒ fri.joːnd͡ʒ | wil.jɑ.kʷe.moːː | kʷem χeːr sinʁʷ jɑχʷ lɑi̯k et jɑχʷ ðriŋk | sɑ is.ti miː.nɑʒ si.joːn | wiʒ χɑv.jɑ.mɑʒ wɑ.toːr veu̯.zɑn jɑχʷ me.luks friʃ.koːn frɑm kuː | o jɑχʷ wɑr.mɑʒ su.poːː/