User:IlL/Sketchbook

Proto-Lakovic

		Labial	Dental	Lateral	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m /m/	n /n/			ŋ /ŋ/
Plosive	plain	p /p/	t /t/			k /k/	ʔ /ʔ/
	voiced	b /b/	d /d/			g /g/
	aspirated	φ /pʰ/	θ /tʰ/			χ /kʰ/
Fricative	voiceless		s /s/	ś /ɬ/	š /ʃ/		h /h/
	voiced		z /z/		ž /ʒ/
Affricate	voiceless		c /ts/	ć /tɬ/	č /tʃ/
	voiced		dz /dz/		dž /dʒ/
Approximant		w /w/	r /r/		y /j/	ȝ /ʟ~ʀ/

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i /i/	ü /ÿ/	u /u/
Mid	e /e/		o /o/
Open		a /a/

Breathy voice/low tone vowels are spelled with a grave accent: à è ì ò ù ǜ > Wdm. a ea ie oa ua üe

Maybe Tsrovesh gets extra consonants and Windermere gets extra vowels. Figure out how to get Literalirish.

Fyxámian national anthem

English translation

Verse 1

[...]
[...]
From antipode to antipode
Men of thy deeds do sing.

Book and paper titles in Eevo

• (A Bound for the Number of Points on Elliptic Curves over Finite Fields)
• (Spectral Sequences of Algebraic Varieties)
• Mroga-xiv ry blwhir jybinþylisár ar jonda jynéeb (Zeta Functions of Algebraic Curves over Finite Fields) (fT 2259)
• Regular Temperaments

Primitive Seargais

long vowels:
a: e: i: o: u: æ: ø: y: from
broad á aí/ai/oi oí/uí/ui ó/ao ú/ua/ui ái ói/aío/aoi úi/oío/uío/uai
slender eá ei/éi/éa í/ia/iai eo iú/io/iu ea/éa/eai/eái eoi iúi/ío

éa becomes æ: before broad d, n, l and r, and e: elsewhere
ui becomes u: before broad d, n, l and r, and i: elsewhere

short vowels:
a e i o u -> a ʲa ʲɨ a ɨ

changes from proto seargais to seargais
high vowels move one POA
(u -> ü, ü -> i but aü stays put)
there's the merger
now o becomes u to fill in the gap, a becomes o and æ becomes a
a e i o u æ ø y ->
o e i u y a ø i
e -> ə
which triggers i -> ia, ia -> e, y -> i, u -> ɨ, o -> u, a -> ua, ua -> o
so i get
a e i o u æ ø y ia ua ai au ay ->
o e i u y a ø i ia ua ai au ay ->
u ə ia ɨ i ua _ ia e o ai au _
ø -> ɛ -> a while ay -> aɨ
u ə ia ɨ i ua a ia e o ai au aɨ (i now have all the vowels!)
breathy voice ablaut patterns:
e/i/ai -> ə/ia/ai
o/u/au -> ɨ/i/au
ö/ü/aü -> a/ia/aɨ
chaotic!

a/ua -> u/o
ä/ia -> ua/e

spelling: a e i o u y w = /a e i o u ə ɨ/

short a -> y
short ɨ -> w (very few modern Seargais speakers make the distinction between the short vowels using y for both)

Seargais superstrate

same breathy voice pattern except there's a GVS
a e i o u ä ö ü ua ia ai au aü ->
o i ai u au e ü aü uo ie ä a a
compare
u ə ia ɨ i ua a ia e o ai au aɨ
these are heard by seargais speakers as
o i ai u au ə ɨ aɨ e o e a a

Seargais consonants

p t q pʰ tʰ χ m n w θ ʟ r tɬ ɬ (broad)
f ts k f ts kʰ m n j s ɬ r tʃ ʃ (slender)

Urú'ed:
m n ʟ mʰ nʰ χ m n pf θ ʟ r nl tɬ (broad)
m n ŋ mʰ nʰ ŋʰ m n f ts ɬ r n tʃ (slender)
the combined set of phonemes:
p pʰ t tʰ k kʰ q
f θ s ɬ ʃ χ
pf ts tɬ tʃ
m mʰ n nʰ ŋ ŋʰ nl
j w ʟ r
h is missing
broad sm and sn can become h
urúing to tʰ
actually it should stay as θm and θn
θm -> voiceless m -> h also works
it doesn't impact the morphology

Proto-C'mon-C'mere

a i u ə ā ī ū ə­̄ -> a i u ø ā ī ū ø­̄
aj ij uj əj āj īj ūj ə̄j -> ē ī ȳ ē ɛ̄ ī ȳ ɛ̄
aw iw uw əw āw īw ūw ə̄w -> ō ȳ ū ō ɔ̄ ȳ ū ɔ̄
ac ic uc əc āc īc ūc ə̄c -> o e u o ɔ̄ ɛ̄ ō ɔ̄

PPul p/pp/b/bb becomes:

stressed syllables: f/p/f/p

unstressed syllables: b/b/f/p

Consonants

	Labial	Dental	Alveolar		Medial		Palatal	Velar	Labiovelar
			central	lateral	central	lateral
Voiceless stop	p /p/	t /t/			ṭ /ʈ/			c /k/
Voiced stop		d /d/
Voiceless fricative	ph /ɸ/	th /θ/	s /s/	ł /ɬ~ɮ/	ṣ /ʂ/	ł̣ /ɬ̢~ɮ̢/		ch /x/
Voiced fricative	ƀ /β/	đ /ð/	z /z/		ẓ /ʐ/			ǥ /ɣ/
Affricate			ts /ts/
Nasal	m /m/	n /n/			ṇ /ɳ/		ñ /ɲ/	ŋ /ŋ/
Nasalized fricative	mh /β̃/	nh /ð̃/			ṇh /ʐ̃/		ñh /ʝ̃/	ŋh /ɣ̃/
Approximant				l /l/	r /ɻ/	ḷ /ɭ/	y /j/		w /w/

Vowels

	Front		Near-front	Near-back	Back
	unrounded	rounded	unrounded	rounded	unrounded	rounded
High	í /i/	ü /y/			ũ /ɯ/	ú /u/
Near-High			i /ɪ̈/	u /ʊ̈/
Mid	é /e/	ö /ø/			õ /ɤ/	o /o/
Low-Mid			e /ɛ̈/	o /ɔ̈/
Low	á /æ/		a /a/		å /ɑ~ɒ/

Vowels may be long. This is indicated orthographically by doubling the vowel letter. Proto-C'mon-C'mere does not have diphthongs.

Phonotactics

The syllable structure is (C)(C)V(C). In addition, clusters of two consonants are allowed word-finally.

There are no restrictions on consonant clusters which means Proto-C'mon-C'mere allows some pretty weird consonant clusters, for example: mkéénhp (ferments into lactic acid)

Psalm 114 in Tíogall

Saħábha 114

1. Ar ugairedh Jisráér gil Éigipt, suaradh Jalgóbh gil badhnedh gáth shlodhán;
2. saedhaín Jaħúdhá le áthradh ú, Jisráér le fúichnedh ú.
3. Ésrín ron fón minn, ag amaltín hú; fulmáín an Jardén ar blíon.
4. Bídín na scaimhthe madh zsíograin; na glóna iadha, madh mbioltha.
5. Tá naes, ae fón, bhfá n-amaltar? Ae Jardén, bhfá bhfuldar?
6. Ae scaimhthe, bhfá mbídes madh zsíograin; ae ghlóna iadha, madh mbioltha?
7. Bróg ŋal an Mannar, ae luabh, ŋal Caemadh Jalgóbh,
8. Ri bhforsaedhaín rú an óc le pasc, an ŋgorda le sálanadh eanŋ.

Something with Khmer-ish vowels - for Clotricin

m n p t ts tł k ʔ t' ts' tł' k' s ł ʂ h j w l

a ɛ e i ə ɨ ɔ o u + long versions; iə ɨə uə əa əe əo eə oə ei~ai əɨ~aɨ ou~au

Phonotactics: V, CV, CVC, no hiatuses

numbers in the khmer-ish thing 1: yəp 2: tsıə 3: mouš 4: k'uul 5: heə'a 6: 'əwaets 7: miisił 8: tłıpi 9: šəola 10: pəeš

11: pəek'ayəp, 12: pəek'atsiə, ...

20: tsiəpəš, 30: moušwəš, 40: k'uulwəš, 50: heə'apəš, 60: 'əwaetswəš, 70: miisiłwəš, 80: tłıpiwəš, 90: šəolapəš, 100: əımə

Huichaltzah's alien language

p pʰ t tʰ ts tsʰ tɬ tɬʰ k kʰ kʟ kʟʰ s ɬ x h m n ŋ l ʟ w j a e i o ar er ir or (rhotic vowels)

Grammar: Rhotic vowel harmony, CW with many cases

Toneless Polyejectivevietnamese

toneless polysyllabic ejectivevietnamese with around 5 or 6 vowels, and no diphthongs

Vowels: /i~ɨ e~ɘ ɛ~ɜ a ɔ o u/

Consonants: /p pʼ t tʼ ts tsʼ tʂ tʂʼ k kʼ ʔ f s ʂ x h m n ŋ l ɹ j w/

Kaagasa

Medials or finals

m, n, ng, l, r > m, n, ŋ, l, ɦ

b, f, t, s, tz, sch, g, ch > p, f, t, s, s, ʃ, k, h

mpf, nt, ns, nz, nk > mf, nt, nz, ns, nk

lb, lf, lt, ls, lz, lk, lch, lm > jp, jf, jt, jz, js, jk, jh, jm

rb, rf, rt, rs, rz, rk, rch, rm, rn > ab, af, at, az, as, ak, ax, ah, an

ft, st, chs, cht > :t, jt, js, jt

-el, -e, -er > -i, -e, -a

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar		Palatal	Velar	Glottal
			central	lateral
Click	plain				ǃ
	aspirated				ǃʰ
	nasalised				ᵑǃ
	breathy nasalised				ᶢǃʱ
Nasal	plain	m	n			ŋ
	breathy	mʱ	nʱ			ŋʱ
Stop	voiceless	p	t
	aspirated	pʰ	tʰ			kʰ
	breathy	b	d			ɡ
	implosive	ɓ	ɗ			ɠ
Fricative	voiceless	f	s	ɬ	ʃ	x	h
	breathy	v	z	ɮ		ɣ	ɦ
Approximant	plain			l	j

Vowels

lb, lf, lt, ls/lz, lk, lch, lm > /jp, jf, jt, js, jk, jx, jm/

rC > /aC/

-0, -es/-el, -e, -er, -en > -u [ɨ], -i, -e, -a, -o?

au, eu > o:, ø:

Vowel system: /i i: y y: u u: e e: ø ø: o o: a a: ui ei øi oi ai ia ya ua ea øa oa/

Allowed final vowels: /i u e o a/

Bändli

Zulu pseudo-gib

Initials

schm, m > m, mh

schn, n > n, nh

schng/kn, ng > ng, ngh

sp, p, b, gep/geb > p, ph, bh, b

st, t, d, get/ged > t, th, dh, d

ŧ, sŧ, đ, geŧ/geđ > qh, q, nqh, gq

k, g, gek/geg > kh, gh, g

r > hh

f, w > f, v

fl, kl, schl > hl

bl, gl > dl

pfr, fr, tr, kr, schr > kl /x~kx/

br, dr, gr > gl /ɣ~gɣ/

j > y

schw > f

z, s, sch > s, z, sh

ent- > prenasalization

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar		Palatal	Velar	Glottal
			central	lateral
Click	plain				ǃ
	aspirated				ǃʰ
	nasalised				ᵑǃ
	breathy nasalised				ᶢǃʱ
Nasal	plain	m	n			ŋ
	breathy	mʱ	nʱ			ŋʱ
Stop	voiceless	p	t
	aspirated	pʰ	tʰ			kʰ
	breathy	b	d			ɡ
	implosive	ɓ	ɗ			ɠ
Fricative	voiceless	f	s	ɬ	ʃ	x	h
	breathy	v	z	ɮ		ɣ	ɦ
Approximant	plain			l	j

Vowels

i ï u e ë o ä a /i ɨ u e ə o æ ɑ/

Tones

No tone

Roshterian revision

Roshterian uses the following 22 consonants:

		Labial	Dental/Alveolar		Retroflex		Velar	Uvular	Glottal
			central	lateral	central	lateral
Nasal		m /m/	n /n̪/		ṉ /ɳ/		[ŋ]	[ɴ]
Stop	voiceless	p /p/	t /t̪/		ṯ /ʈ/		c /k/	q /q/
	voiced	b /b/	d /d̪/		ḏ /ɖ/		g /g/
Continuant	voiceless	f /f/	s /s̪/		s̱ /ʂ/				h /h/
	voiced	v /v/	r /ɾ/	l /l̪/	ṟ /ɻ/	ḻ /ɭ/		ḡ /ʁ/

• kw, gw > p, b
• gl-, gr- > l, r
• θ, δ, t, d > t, d, ʈ, ɖ (with many exceptions)
• *ā > ia (*nā > nia 'I'); *ō > ua; *au > oo; *ou > uu; *ū > ii
• *qʷ > /χʷ/ > /ɧ/ > s̱; *ʁʷ > /ζ/ > ṟ
  • ʁʷelinə ("6 parts [of 12]") > ṟelin 'half'
• *nw, tw, dw, sw, θw, lw, rw > ṉ, ṯ, ḏ, s̱, f, ḻ, ṟ /ɳ, ʈ, ɖ, ʂ, f, ɭ, ɻ/
  • gʷaθwā > bafi 'neck, throat' ~ Thn. gaθuā 'throat (also language)'
• *sl-, sm-, sn- > ḻ-, m-, ṉ-
• *sɸ-, sr-, sw- > s̱-, ṟ-, s̱-
• *st, sk, skʷ, sq > s-/st, ṯ-/s̱ṯ-, f, q-/s̱q
  • stas- > tetsil 'gathering' (~ Thn. Stasnyssōs > Tíogall Stánsa, Clofabosin stannsin 'a holiday')
  • skəttā > tyyṯi 'body' ~ Thn. scyttā
  • *bastom > bast 'king' ~ Thn. bastom 'head'
• *sb, sd, sg > ṟb, ṟḏ, ṟg
  • *nasg- > naṟg '3'
• *φn, tn, φl, tl/dl > /ːn, s-/ts, l, ɖ/
  • łnāgin > tiagin 'I believe' ~ Thn. θnāginis
  • oφlutsus > oolus 'wave'
• *kt, qt > /jt, ːʈ/
  • *tektə > ṯeit /ʈɛit/ 'child'
  • *neqtə > neeṯ /neːʈ/ 'cloud'
• *ks, qs > /js, ːʂ/
• *kn, gn, kʷn, gʷn, qn, ql, qr > /jn, jn, :m, :m, :ɳ, :ɻ, :ɻ/ (with **/uj/ > /uː/ )
  • sφugnus > s̱uun 'root' ~ Thn. sφugnus
  • leqnos > leeṉ 'river' ~ Thn. leānos?
  • qrīdis > ṟiid 'knife' ~ Thn. ȝrīdis 'edge'
  • gʷnūnum > miin 'scar' ~ Thn. gnūnum 'scar', Tíogall gnúinte 'scar'
• *φj, tj, kj, qj > pt s s-/t ḡ
• *j-, s- > h-
• *φ- > ∅-
• Initial short vowels drop
• *skj, stj > t-/st, s-/ːs
• final short vowels lost; final -m, -r, -s, -t lost; final long vowels shorten (ia, ua > i, u)
• i-affection: The following changes affect V1 in sequences of the form V1 + consonant cluster + ultimate (*i/*ī/*j) unless the consonant cluster after V1 contains a retroflex consonant.
  • a > e
  • e > i
• Stress shifts to final
• Some combining forms and combined forms are altered due to the stress shift - conjunct forms for verbs arise when there is an antepenultimate syllable

Nurotransmitter

Clofabic-influenced (some depalatalization), dialects: Dopamine, Acetylcholine

Nurungji

Nurian relative with a Korean touch

		Labial		Alveolar		Postalveolar	Velar		Glottal
		hard	soft	hard	soft		soft	hard
Nasal	voiceless	mh m̊ˠ	mhi m̊ʲ	nh n̪̊ˠ	nhi n̊ʲ		nghi ŋ̊ʲ	ngh ŋ̊
	voiced	m mˠ	mi mʲ	n n̪ˠ	ni nʲ		ngi ŋʲ	ng ŋ
Stop	plain	b pˠ~bˠ	bi pʲ~bʲ	d t̪ˠ~d̪ˠ	di tʲ~dʲ	ġi tʃ~dʒ	gi kʲ~ɡʲ	g k~ɡ
	unaspirated	p pˠ˭	pi pʲ˭	t t̪ˠ˭	ti tʲ˭	ċi tʃ˭	ci kʲ˭	c k˭	-r, ȝ ʔ
	aspirated	ph pˠʰ	phi pʲʰ	th t̪ˠʰ	thi tʲʰ	ċhi tʃʰ	chi kʲʰ	ch kʰ
Fricative	plain	v fˠ	vi fʲ	θ sˠ	θi sʲ				ħ, h h
	aspirated	f fˠʰ	fi fʲʰ	s sˠʰ	si sʲʰ
	voiced			ð, z zˠ	ði, zi zʲ
Rhotic	voiceless			rh, rhi ʂ
	voiced			r ɻ	ri ʐ
Lateral	voiceless			lh l̥ˠ	lhi l̥ʲ
	voiced			l lˠ	li lʲ
Approximant							j j

Nural Network (Nuro-Thai)

Native name: þóngsáràkhòpfáa

Close relative of Nurian inspired by Sanskrito-Thai (influenced by Neck Thai?)

Numbers: jaam/jaaMi-, tiSuan/tiSua-, Nat/Natcha-, Thôp/Thôba-, Sulit/Sulita-, Thaam/ThaaMi-, Ruat/Ruata-, Lurat/Luratha-, Phap/Phapa-, Huan/HuaRa-, yaajam/yaajaMa-, nyaat/nyaasa-...

Vowels:

a i u e o aa ee oo ê ô ae or ia ua /a i u e o aː iː uː eː oː ɛː ɔː iə uə/

Consonants:

Consonant phonemes in Nural Network

		Labial		Alveolar		Postalveolar	Velar		Radical	Glottal
		hard	soft	hard	soft		soft	hard
Nasal		M mˠ	m m	N n̪ˠ	n n		ny ŋʲ	ng ŋ
Stop	tenuis	P pˠ	p p	T t̪ˠ	t t	j tʃ	ky kʲ	k k
	aspirated	Ph pˠʰ	ph pʰ	Th t̪ˠʰ	th tʰ	ch tʃʰ	khy kʲʰ	kh kʰ
Fricative		F fˠ	f f	S sˠ	s s				H ħ	h h
Trill				R rˠ	r rʲ
Lateral				L lˠ	l l
Approximant		w w	v v				y j		3 ʕ

Tones: high, low?

Gebocham

• Vowels: æ ɪ i ʌ ə ʊ ʉ < a/ae ē/i ī ā/o/au e ō/u/y ū/ȳ
• Vowel harmony groups:
  • high tense: i ʉ
  • high lax: ɪ ʊ
  • low: æ ʌ
  • ə is neutral

Äŋguk.mäi

Äŋguk.mäi /æŋguŋmæj/ is a hypothetical future descendant of modern Korean.

Bolõn iŋgän.õn þeanäi tte.vuþa cäjurop.ko kõ conam.vä kalli.jeßa toŋlõŋ.älä. Iŋgän.õn sanbu.zaõro ihaŋvä jäŋhimõ puja.väläß.ko haro jaŋzee.e caŋhin.õro eŋloŋ.ejändä.

1sg: na > dä

2sg: neo/ni > di

Russo-Salish

		Labial		Alveolar		Retroflex	Velar		Glottal
		hard	soft	hard	soft		soft	hard
Nasal	glottalized			n̪ʼ	nʲʼ		ŋʲʼ	ŋʼ
	plain	m	mʲ	n̪	nʲ		ŋʲ	ŋ
Stop	plain			t̪	tʲ		kʲ	k	ʔ
	ejective			t̪ʼ	tʲʼ		kʲʼ	kʼ
	voiced	b	bʲ	d̪	dʲ
Affricate	plain			ts	tsʲ	tʂ
	ejective			tsʼ	tsʲʼ	tʂʼ
	voiced			dz	dzʲ	dʐ
Fricative	voiceless	f	fʲ	s	sʲ	ʂ	xʲ	x	h
	voiced	v	vʲ	z	zʲ	ʐ	ɣʲ	ɣ
Approximant	glottalized			lˠʼ	lʲʼ		jʼ
	plain			lˠ	lʲ		j

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Mid		ə
Open		a

Sister of Naquian

• PNaq ś ǵʰ > θ ð (sometimes t d)
• s > ɟ > j (initial, before a vowel)

Salish + Old Chinese

m n ŋ ŋʷ mʼ nʼ ŋʼ ŋʷʼ p t ts k kʷ q qʷ ʔ pʼ tʼ tsʼ kʼ kʷʼ qʼ qʷʼ b d dz g gʷ ɢ ɢʷ s r rʼ l lʼ (+ phar'd versions of each) a e i o u ə

CW language sketch

m n p t ts k q b d dz g s h ʀ w l r j

i u e o æ a

Wiebosphere auxlang?

Consonants

Consonants

		Labial	Coronal	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m /m/	n /n/		ŋ /ŋ/
Plosive	unaspirated	b /p/	d /t/	j /tɕ/	g /k/
	aspirated	p /pʰ/	t /tʰ/	ch /tɕʰ/	k /kʰ/
Fricative		f /f/	s /s/	sh /ɕ/	kh /x/	h /h/
Approximant		w /w~v/	l /l/; r /r/	y /j/
Trill			r /r/

Vowels

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i /i/		u /u/
Mid	e /e/	ə /ø~ə~ɤ/	o /o/
Open		a /a/

Diphthongs: ai ao /ai au/

Phonotactics

Consonant clusters are disallowed, except medial geminates and -NC- sequences. Only /p t k m n ŋ/ can come in word-final position.

Lushootseed to Clofab

sčʼutaʔɬ čəd dzəlxʷʔad ʔal kʷi talbəʔid! shuʔədəb šiƛ̕x̌adil stab dzastidil balustadil xʷəʔsdətapril kʷinapazil bəsmanadil xʷidzoradil daquinadil sperotidil prolixudil... Ah, endolucrifen!

Σȣομʚ

Καʚκκʚ ʚⱶμʚσετ συντυϝητ ϝαπαʚνα ια τασαϝερταʚσʚνα αρϝολτααν ια οʚκεȣκσʚλτααν. Ⱶεʚλλε ον αννεττȣ ιηρκʚ ια οματȣντο, ια ⱶεʚδην ον τοʚμʚτταϝα τοʚσʚααν κοⱶτααν ϝελιευδεν ⱶεγγεσση.

Comic Sanskrit/English

Zoomic (Quihum)

Consonants: p ph b bh t th d dh k kh g gh ts tsh dz dzh c ch j jh q qh ǥ ǥh m n ng l f s ł š h

Vowels: a i u aʵ iʵ uʵ aː eː iː oː uː aːʵ eːʵ iːʵ oːʵ uːʵ ai au (the "I dunno" diphthong) ⟨a i u ạ ị ụ ā ē ī ō ū ạ̄ ẹ̄ ị̄ ọ̄ ụ̄ æ å æ̣⟩

Clickgerman ideas

Inspired by "Kxǂ’auǁʼein", Old Irish and Ancient Wiebian

Primitive Clickgerman

for proto-s-wiebic: what about a GVS (əy > ii > ay > əə > aa > ee and əw > uu > au > oo) in open syllables and another vowel shift (ii ee ay əy)(uu oo aw əw) in closed syllables? iw > iə and uy > uə as i had before

1. sīdzu

2. kli

3. sqā

4. mēfi

5. pə̄ku

6. hə̄tλhi

7. dẓətā

8. baŋudh

9. dzōn

10. qhāḍī

11. gādziə

12. dziə

Proto-X-Wiebic consonants

		Labial	Denti-alveolar	Lateral	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	plain	m m	n n		ṇ ɳ		ŋ ŋ
	breathy voiced	mh mʱ	nh nʱ		ṇh ɳʱ		ŋh ŋʱ
Stop	tenuis	p p	t t		ṭ ʈ	c c	k k	q q
	aspirated	ph pʰ	th tʰ		ṭh ʈʰ	ch cʰ	kh kʰ	qh qʰ
	voiced	b b	d d		ḍ ɖ	j ɟ	g g	ɢ ɢ
	breathy voiced	bh bʱ	dh dʱ		ḍh ɖʱ	jh ɟʰ	gh gʱ	ɢh ɢʱ
Affricate	tenuis		ts ts	tσ tɬ	tṣ tʂ
	aspirated		tsh tsʰ	tσh tɬʰ	tṣh tʂʰ
	voiced		dz dz	dλ dɮ	dẓ dʐ
	breathy voiced		dzh dzʱ	dλh dɮʱ	dẓh dʐʱ
Fricative	plain	f f	s s	σ ɬ	ṣ ʂ	ç ç			h h
	aspirated	fh fʰ	sh sʰ	σh ɬʰ	ṣh ʂʰ	çh çʰ
Resonants	plain		l l		ḷ ɭ	y j
	breathy voiced		lh lʱ		ḷh ɭʱ

Vowels: i u ə a i: u: e: ə: o: a: iə uə əj aj əw aw ⟨i u ə a ī ū ē ə̄ ō ā iə uə əi ai əu au⟩

Stress: consistently initial, including prefixes

Syncope+umlaut

baŋudh > boŋdh

Clickogenesis

boŋdh > boŋg!ʱ

Old Clickgerman

Old Irishy

Ubykhization

boŋg!ʱ > boŋg!ʱə > bʷaŋg!ʱə

pʷ > p

Something like GVS

i: u: > ai au

iə uə > i: u:

Modern Clickgerman

Vowels: /a i u aː iː uː ai au ə/ ⟨a i u ah ie uh ei au e⟩ - wide-ranging allophony depending on accent/dialect

• [æ e o ɑ i u ɛ ɔ]
• [a i u ɔ ei ou ai au]

Qe!

Jāheqozron vemālaerus qe doñanqerosy.

CRU-Esperanto

t̂ d̂ n̂ l̂ k̂ r̂ q q̂ = /ʈ ɖ ɳ ɭ q ɢ ! g!/

Pristac Guanorliviroc

Leißelbeiger Glündesschnock,
bhfaoigh na dhruisce leis an ngloc,
с куздом твачу зблодащок,
pristac guanorliviroc!

Tyűlöszöbbes hávaltok,
ṇentronné veux mains du roque,
geuteureun madeul ryeonmok,
pristac guanorliviroc!

Iūcullātur plexē hoc,
Takzitxerri ezbantzok,
Ηζειν ευθρασιν στουροκ,
pristac guanorliviroc!

Nguyết sảnh xưa nỡn hầng màu trọc,
Cuālliquimeh huixōtloc,
tʰˁawk pgəts məlˁaj n̊əŋs qʷʰˁraʔ tkʰˁens nˁrok,
pristac guanorliviroc!

Raamaanujanniaviusuq-
qanngutsijałłaumiartuq,
Post hoc ergo propter hoc,
pristac guanorliviroc!

Zíj phlàa vîek rang dèt Bangkok,
Satthayaarongsamphonnok,
Pikna la-magtef litzmok,
pristac guanorliviroc!

Finno-Arabic

/t tˁ k q ʔ f s sˁ x χ h m n l r w j a aa ə əə i ii u uu ai au əi əu ia ua iə uə/

Irish with pharyngealized consonants

/a/: a ea ae eae /e/: oeu eu oe e /i/: ai ia aia i /o/: o uo uea ue /u/: aua ua au u

Hebrew alphabet for Irish

ב כ ד ף ג ה ל מ פ ר ס ת = native consonants

rafe at the beginning, lack of dagesh elsewhere = séimhiú

iluy = eclipsis?

vowel signs: patach = a, hard schwa patach aleph = á yud patach aleph = eá aleph tzere yud = ae segol = ea, ei, soft schwa tzere = é shva (optional) = zero vowel hiriq = i aleph yud = aí, aoi, ao hiriq yud = í hiriq aleph = ia qamatz = o holam = ó yud holam = eo qubbutz = u shuruq = ú yud shuruq = iú qubbutz aleph = ua

Word-final schwa accompanied by a mater lectionis he. Word-final he is marked with a mappiq for word-final /h/.

Uncanny valley Korean

Consonants: /m n ŋ bʰ dʰ dzʰ gʰ p t ts k f s fʰ sʰ h w j r ʔ/

Postvocalic /ʔ/ may be realized as creaky voice.

Vowels: /i ɨ u e ə o ɛ ɔ æ a/

Proto-Eomujic

• ä, a, e, o
• eu, i <- syllabic resonants

• p t k p’ t’ k’ b d g
• s z ts ts’ ʂ ʐ ʈʂ ʈʂ’
• m n ŋ r l ʀ w j h

Gleb phonologies

SEA-esque

m̥ m n̻̥ n̻ ɲ̥ ɲ mb mɓ̰ nd̻ nɗ̰̻ nɗ̱̰ nd͡ʒ pʰ p b ɓ̰ tʰ̻ t̻ d̻ ɗ̰̻ t͡s̻ ɗ̱̰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ kʰ k ɸ β s̻ z̻ ʃ ʒ x h l̻ j w

i iː ɨ ɨː u uː e eː ɘ ɘː o oː ɛ ɛː ɜ ɜː ɔ ɔː a aː

Indic-esque

m̥ m n̥ n ɳ̥ ɳ ɲ̥ ɲ pʰ p b tʰ t d ʈʰ ʈ ɖ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ kʰ k g ʔ f v s z ʂ ʐ ʃ ʒ x ɣ h r ɽ j i u ɪ ʊ ɑ

(C1)V(C2)

C1: a consonant

V: a vowel

C2: a non-palatal consonant other than a postalveolar consonant or one of /d g z ɣ/; i.e. one of /m̥ m n̥ n pʰ p b tʰ t kʰ k ʔ f v s x h r/

Pseudo-Polynesian

m n̻ p b t̻ d̻ k g l̻ j w i u ɪ ʊ e o ɛ ɔ a

(C)V

C: a consonant

V: a vowel

Gleb seed 1516956979

Liquidless pseudo-French

m n̻ ṉ p b t̻ d̻ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ k g f v s̻ z̻ ʃ ʒ h w i y u ɛ ɛ̃ œ œ̃ ɔ ɔ̃ a ã

(C1)V(C2)

C1: a consonant

V: a vowel

C2: a consonant

Gleb seed 1601724777

A nice one

m n̻ nʲ̻ tʰ̻ t̻ kʰ k kʷ f s̻ l̻ i iː u uː ɛ ɛː ɛ̃ ɛ̃ː ɔ ɔː ɔ̃ ɔ̃ː a aː ã ãː

(C1)V(C2)

C1: a consonant

V: a vowel

C2: a consonant other than /nʲ̻/

Gleb seed 1364524938

vaguely Clofab

consonants:

m n mb nd ndz ŋg p b t d ts dz k g mv nz f v s z h r w

vowels:

a e i o u

syllable structure: (C)V

Gleb seed 1390372573

Liquidless phonology

m̥ m n̥ n ŋ̥ ŋ mpʰ mb ntʰ nd ŋkʰ pʰ p b tʰ t d kʰ k ʔ f s x

a e ɛ i o ɔ u

(C)V(N)

C: a consonant

V: a vowel

N: a nasal; i.e. one of /m̥ m n̥ n ŋ̥ ŋ/

Gleb seed 1408165181

A Damin

• Nasals: ɱ n̼ ɳ ɲ
• Plosives: d̼ ʈ c'
• Affricates: tθ ʡħ
• Fricatives: ð̼ θ̱ ç
• Clicks: ʞ
• Liquids: ʙ ʟ ʢ
• vowels: y ɤ æ

from An Bhlaoighne

big: go qhéith
small: go chun
long: go mheal
short: go laomh
wide: go raoi
narrow: go cuachar
thick: go scúil
thin: go h-ádh
woman: an fháixe, na bhfáixe
man: an beathra, na mbeathra
child: an stíotha, na stíotha
mother: an feadhan-fháixe?
father: an feadhan-beathra?
na bhfeadhan-fháixe, na bhfeadhan-beathra
wife: an sleith-fháixe
husband: an sleith-beathra
na dhsleith-fháixe, na dhsleith-beathra
fish: an déimhe, na dhéimhe
bird: an chuar, na cuar
(all these are from the bhadhagha gib)
dog: an lior, na lior
louse: an h-úmha, na n-úmha
snake: an bhfaos, na fhaos
worm: an ghean, na ngean
tree: an daodha, na dhaodha
forest: an ríne, na ríne
stick: an cuath, na chuath
fruit: an thamha, na dtamha
seed: an páile, na páile
leaf: an fhuix, na bhfuix
root: an dhóife, na dhóife
bark: an cilear, na cilear
flower: an qeógh, na qheógh
grass: an rúiche, na rúiche
rope: an mbuad, na bhuad
skin: an geabh, na gheabh
meat: an ceith, na gceith
blood: an dhséabha, na dhséabha
bone: an reist, na reist
fat: an xuile, na xuile
egg: an qé, na qhé *hmoob intensifies*
horn: an n-aire, na h-aire
tail: an h-aoi, na h-aoi
feather: an gcoít, na choít
hair: an núcha, na núcha
head: an snith, na snith
ear: an dtiocha, na tiocha
eye: an fhéir, na bhféir
nose: an gaoine, na ngaoine
mouth: an cnuile, na chnuile
tooth: an iacha, na h-iacha
tongue: an bhlaoighne? 😀
fingernail: an sciofa, na sciofa
foot: an reithe, na reithe
leg: an ndeocha reith, na dheocha reith
knee: an xionn reith, na dhxionn reith
hand: flúin
an bhflúin, na fhlúin
arm: an ndeocha bhflúin, na dheocha bhflúin
elbow: an xionn bhflúin, na dhxionn bhflúin
wing: an ceamh, na gceamh
belly: an táile, na tháile
guts: an nquinneach, na quinneach
neck: an xaoiphe, na xaoiphe
back: an mbíola, na bíola
breast: an dhsrachta, na srachta
heart: an luicheamh, na luicheamh
liver: an steóiseamh, na dhsteóiseamh
go neábha 'to drink'
go séic 'to eat'
go xumhadh 'to bite'
go scéimh 'to suck'
go fiara 'to spit, to eject'
go fiara an néitheasach 'to vomit'
go fíoxa 'to blow'
go stúimhe 'to breathe'
go sraoth 'to laugh'
go bhfeirthe 'to see'
go dtiodh 'to hear'
go xeólaigh 'to know'
go bhrainne 'to think'

to smell: go mbuir
fear: an xaoithe, na dhxaoithe
to sleep: go h-uaileas
to live: go chaith

Blablabla

Brüschlingssträpfchenentzürmungsdreicherwildeleischenerbröpflichkeitsspülzergebraußerspeichelsmäudsgrefferklittenwertsbrimmendlicherungsschnäfternascherndräckelbassungsbärzenherdlichengerützelbeunungströtterbeteibertenspründerschlettengeschärtungsentdraufengeschiemlichkeitsneftertreuenhauscheraufstrüpfenanwadlungsstaufengrammlermeitscherluchseneinstrupfungsgeweidsschmesserdornenbekeifersträmpferentblüstungsgefrützerhaumenrießenschweiherbockerschaftsbedeuferungsbezandlungsgestürdenscheuchterdachsergeisterzerbrüttungsfrätterschoffergriedenteckenschwindsgemerzenheitsbrauftenscharnesspeizendentkremmensielesstrüstergezwohrenenvergräuferspeilenhuftschuckerverwaftungsschmagenentdränzerwinkenmeundenbielerglüftenverzäumlichkeitspfarnengortenspahlenentschrangenkrindenschufendriechengreierschnockenwiegerwungenschieberdähmenstuchtgejästnisgräbenspunkereienschneiligungsspürzenknafterschaumenbrußenbedreuernisjackerkeldungsheidenschmüsselnzudrenkenrumpferleigungsbehedigungsschweiterwackengesteckerbeizerwendungsfrüchlingszweibenseiderschangenhubergeidengemermlichkeitsgelechterschlammengogengettenberzlerfiegenlundenbädelnspanderquändelerbeichenstahrgebütenhenerbluhnenentzängerbreumenbefärzigergampfendreigenschaftszerbrenklungsgebrohungsschmindlergaftengaufsgekemmtenbräuzchenzerkreinerndenschleitenhaufsdröffernzerschwällenzwünderdreisungsenttrebenpflingergreuferschmaunenverrümmerkreibenquängerheitsschmatterverzwenkerungsflebereibenguftenjangereideldreibengangenbleizerbehürberschierdequammerhüngenbrössenbekleiterzwandengemiegerzeistigungsbegählnisberachtungsschwadenkrütteranklaumenschweicherleinerbröhnungsneidelnkufenschrankenziederdrabenschöhlerbruhnspeutscherentgäumungsvergürblichungsverweidnisglündergehuhmendreucherbeibengreusteszwerterschründereienbücklingserstorchenspienerhetschergohrenausschweislichkeitenlemdengetranderschrifferbeschlecherlingswingerkrantengedärzerzärncheneinfleuderhackerstälzenbriednisseigerungsverdraußerräuchselstommerfrätzelschlünterstürglingszwätcheneinblittsgespüßenentdriede

Die Breige hüben friene Grauscher,
in siefe ausgepferzte dauscher;
Säder brinnt zer einem Wist,
Fagel hirzen leine drisst.
Beđehn' die dir in Ŧimst entfeißet,
gim itzo Feuche haben,
und Meden brassen was mich sŧeißet,
Đechse vorzuschraben.
Wenngleich das Werg in Krafe seucht,
mieŧ' ich wie Sprame gürfen;
Denn mich bekriest die weistlich' Dreucht,
die mich in Reune stürfen.
Mein Günden heigt im färz'gen Harbe;
was mich zur gracken Fasen funget.
Feisen Ŧickmasionen ŧarbe,
neifen sie herch hinbrunget.

Was Zühlen erkeifet, bacht heinaden Gnad';
Mein' Kründ'rung erbrauget und diro getrat.
Die Juchtlingen pfriechender Häumen zu henken,
Verschwilligereien, die itzund uns brenken.
Wir reftmunschig braußen,
mit zärbenden Faußen,
Ermeie uns, wenn unser' Berze dir schmannt!