Chlouvānem/Calendar and time: Difference between revisions

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 === Telling the time ===
-Telling the time in Chlouvānem needs knowledge of the hour system described above. A hour is expressed as either e.g. ''Y 3:24'' or ''Y 3.2:04'', where:
+Times are expressed in a format such as ''Bh 4.30'', representing, in this example, four and a half hour (''garaṇa'') in the afternoon (note that the format is always duodecimal; 4.30 is four hours and thirty-six<sub>10</sub> minutes). Unlike direct naming of hours, telling the time uses, in some forms, the cardinal numeral.
-* ''Y'' stands for ''yartām'' (morning);
-* ''3:24'' stands for 3 hours and 24 (28<sub>10</sub>) tetacuneyai (g:yy format);
-* ''3.2:04'' stands for 3 hours, 2 tetacuṃlāṇai (20 (24<sub>10</sub>) tetacuneyai), and 3 tetacuneyai (g.l:yy format).
 The question for asking the time is either ''yanūḍat garaṇa dam (vi)?'' (*how many hour is it?) or ''garaṇa mæn yananū dam (vi)?'' (talking about the hour, which [one] is it?).
-When using the g:yy format, numbers are commonly read as they are written, except for 90, which is the half hour. Examples (note that, as it often happens in Chlouvānem, ''vi'' can be omitted):
+The simplest way to tell the time is simply reading the number of hours and the number of railai alone, followed by the locative case of the time period (8-hour division, ''garaṃlāṇa''), and ''vi'', the 3SG of "to be", which is usually always stated:
-* ''L 1:10 — leila māmei lalei vi'' (it's one and twelve of the night)
+* ''Bh 4.1ᘔ'' — ''nęlte hælьmāmitålda bhraṃšāye vi'' (it's four and twenty-two<sub>10</sub> <small>(four and one dozen plus ten)</small> in the afternoon).
-* ''L 1:Ɛ0 — leila māmimīram lalei vi'' (it's one and 132 of the night)
+* ''L 2.57'' — ''dani šulkmāmichīka lalie vi'' (it's two and sixty-seven<sub>10</sub> <small>(two and five dozens plus seven)</small> in the night).
-* ''L 1:90'' — either ''leila daniāmita no lalei vi'' (it's half and one of the night) or ''leili daniāmita lalei vi'' (it’s half one of the night).
+This format is, however, rarely used, mainly when reading legal texts or giving second-hand reports (therefore it's extremely common in news reports).
-In this last case, the reading “''leil mojemāmei lalei vi''" is possible, but very rare (usually in formal communications only).
-However, the g:yy format is rarely used colloquially, as the spoken form always tells tetacuṃlāṇai and always tells how much time remains until the next hour (or tetacuṃlāṇa):
+The main system used takes three main reference points - ''.00'', ''.20'', and ''.40'' - dividing therefore the hour in three equal parts of 20<sub>12</sub> railai, and expresses time relative to those three. The half hour (''.30'') is additionally used as a secondary reference point:
-* ''L 1.1:00 (L 1:10)'' — ''vælden daniå lalei vi'' (it's eleven [tetacuṃlāṇai] to two of the night)
+* ''Bh 2.00'' — ''dani bhraṃšāye vi'' (it's two in the afternoon)
-* ''L 1.Ɛ:00 (L 1:148)'' — ''leila daniå lalei vi'' (it's one to two of the night)
+* ''Bh 2.20'' — ''dani bhraṃšāye pāmvendvāṭ (no) vi'' (it's two in the afternoon and one third)
-If tetacuṃlāṇai are not complete, then there are two possible forms: one used in one of the first eight tetacunīye that says "it's the Xth tetacuṃlāṇa with Y tetacuneyai”, and another one used in the latter eight that uses "it's X tetacuneyai to the Yth tetacuṃlāṇa”:
+* ''Bh 2.30'' — ''vālьpāmvya bhraṃšāye vi'' (it's 2½ in the afternoon) or less commonly ''dani bhraṃšāye hælinaivāṭ (no) vi'' (it's two in the afternoon and half)
-* ''L 1.2:4 (L 1:34)'' — ''hælinaikah nęltą lā leili lalei vi'' (it's the second [tetacuṃlāṇa] with four [tetacunīye] of one of the night)
+* ''Bh 2.40'' — ''pāmvyå bhraṃšāye pāmvendvāṭ vi'' (it's one third to three in the afternoon) or less commonly ''dani bhraṃšāye dani pāmvendvāṭ (no) vi'' (it's two in the afternoon and two thirds)
-* ''L 1.2:ᘔ (L 1:40)'' — ''chīka pāmvendiom leili lalei vi'' (it's seven [tetacunīye] to the third [tetacuṃlāṇa] of one of the night)
+Time is usually additive and not subtractive, except for ''.40'' (as in the previous example), ''.46'', ''.50'', and ''.56'' (respectively ¼, 10<sub>12</sub>, and 6 minutes before the next hour). Subtractive time is, as expected, expressed by the dative case of the next hour
-When hours are inside a punctual time expression, they are read in the locative case, e.g. ''B 2.9:6-e yahītite lā ē'' "at 2.9:6 (2:120) of the afternoon, (s)he was reading”: ''mojende tulūʔąa lā danīyi bembyē yahītite lā ē'' “at the ninth [tetacuṃlāṇa] with six [tetacunīye] of two of the afternoon, (s)he was reading”.
+* ''Bh 2.46'' — ''pamvyå bhraṃšāye māmivælka vi'' (it's sixteen<sub>12</sub> to three in the afternoon)
+* ''Bh 2.50'' — ''pamvyå bhraṃšāye māmei vi'' (it's twelve to three in the afternoon)
+* ''Bh 2.56'' — ''pamvyå bhraṃšāye tulūɂa vi'' (it's six to three in the afternoon)
+For all other cases, the time is told as "<small>ORDINAL IN LOCATIVE CASE OF THE HOUR</small>, <small>GARAṂLĀṆA IN GENITIVE CASE</small>, <small>ORDINAL OF THE ELAPSED THIRD OF HOUR</small> (except for ''.01'' to ''.1Ɛ'') and <small>NUMBER OF RAILAI</small>". Note that, however, in most cases Chlouvānem people approximate to the nearest six railai (e.g. ''.24'' is told as if it were ''.26''):
+* ''Bh 2.1Ɛ'' — ''daniendie bhraṃšāyi māmivælden vi'' (it's twenty-three<sub>10</sub> <small>(two and one dozen plus eleven)</small> in the second of the afternoon)
+* ''Bh 2.35'' — ''daniendie bhraṃšāyi lahīla māmišulka (no) vi'' (it's the first [third of hour] and seventeen<sub>10</sub> <small>(one dozen plus five)</small> in the second of the afternoon)
+* ''Bh 2.48'' — ''daniendie bhraṃšāyi hælinaika tītya (no) vi'' (it's the second [third of hour] and eight in the second of the afternoon)
+The word ''raila'' is usually never stated if the hour number is present; if it is implied, then ''raila'' (always in the singular, as it's preceded by a numeral) must be stated - note also the question about minutes, not the hour:
+* ''yanūḍat raila dam?'' — *How many minutes is it?
+* ''pamihælī raila vi'' — Fifteen<sub>10</sub>.
+When hours are inside a punctual time expression, the head of the phrase (the hour in ''.00'' and ''.30''; the number of minutes or ''pamvendvāṭ'' otherwise) is put in the locative case, e.g. ''Bh 4.07-e yahītite lā ē'' "at 4.07 of the afternoon, (s)he was reading” is read as ''nęltendie bhraṃšāyi chīke yahītite lā ē'' “at seven [railai] in the fourth [hour] of the afternoon, (s)he was reading”.
 ==Notes==
 [[Category:Chlouvānem]]