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Kola: Difference between revisions
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====Voice==== | ====Voice==== | ||
'''Passive''' is formed with the suffix ''-wa'' - e.g. *ጔዷ ''gweddwa'' "to be walked" (doesn't make sense, but you get the idea). | Native verbs normally end in ''-ä'' or ''-a''. Suffixes are added to the stem minus the final ''-ä/a''. Verbs ending in other vowels add suffixes after their final vowel (with appropriate sandhi effects). | ||
'''Passive''' is formed with the suffix ''-wa'' in the present and ''-ule'' in the perfect - e.g. *ጔዷ ''gweddwa'' "to be walked", *ጔዱሌ ''gweddule'' "to have been walked" (doesn't make sense, but you get the idea). | |||
'''Causative''' is formed with the suffix ''-ishä'' in the present and ''-ishe'' in the perfect (the ''-i-'' is dropped. This suffix spirantizes and palatalizes preceding consonants wherever applicable; however, loanwords may not be affected - e.g. ጔዚሸ ''gwezzishä'' "to cause to walk", ጔዚሼ ''gwezzishe'' "to have caused to walk". | |||
''Applicative is formed with the suffix ''-ilä'' in the present and ''-ile'' in the perfect. This suffix palatalizes preceding consonants wherever applicable; again, loanwords may not be affected - e.g. ጔዲለ ''gweddilä'' "to walk to", ጔዲሌ ''gweddile'' "to have walk to". | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||