6,970
edits
Kola: Difference between revisions
→Voice
(→Voice) |
|||
| Line 944: | Line 944: | ||
:e.g. ጔድሏ ''gwèddïl<b>wa</b>'' "to be walked to", ጔድሎ ''gwèddïl<b>lo</b>'' "to have been walked to". | :e.g. ጔድሏ ''gwèddïl<b>wa</b>'' "to be walked to", ጔድሎ ''gwèddïl<b>lo</b>'' "to have been walked to". | ||
'''Causative''' is formed with the suffix ''-íshä'' [''-́shä''] in the present and ''- | '''Causative''' is formed with the suffix ''-íshä'' [''-́shä''] in the present and ''-íshe'' [''-́she''] in the perfect. This suffix spirantizes and palatalizes preceding consonants wherever applicable; however, loanwords may not be affected. | ||
:e.g. ጔዚሸ ''gwezz<b>íshä</b>'' "to cause to walk", ጔዚዜ ''gwezz<b>íze</b>'' "to have caused to walk". | :e.g. ጔዚሸ ''gwezz<b>íshä</b>'' "to cause to walk", ጔዚዜ ''gwezz<b>íze</b>'' "to have caused to walk". | ||
| Line 953: | Line 953: | ||
:e.g. ጔድለነ ''gweddïl<b>ä̀nä</b>'' "to walk to each other", ጔድለኔ ''gweddïl<b>ä̀ne</b>'' "to have walked to each other". | :e.g. ጔድለነ ''gweddïl<b>ä̀nä</b>'' "to walk to each other", ጔድለኔ ''gweddïl<b>ä̀ne</b>'' "to have walked to each other". | ||
Suffixes can be stacked, | Suffixes can be stacked. The general order is causative-applicative-reciprocal-passive, but this may change depending on meaning. Only the final suffix changes in the perfect. | ||
:e.g. ጔዚሽለኗ ''gwezz<b>ishïlä̀nwa</b>'' "to be made to walk to each other", ጔዚሽለንሎ ''gwezz<b>ishïlä̀nlo</b>'' "to have been made to walk to each other". | :e.g. ጔዚሽለኗ ''gwezz<b>ishïlä̀nwa</b>'' "to be made to walk to each other", ጔዚሽለንሎ ''gwezz<b>ishïlä̀nlo</b>'' "to have been made to walk to each other". | ||