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Kola: Difference between revisions
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====TAM==== | ====TAM==== | ||
=====Prefixes==== | |||
Tense/aspect prefixes occur between the subject and object concords. They occur after the non-finite negation morpheme ''sï-''. | |||
Some tense/aspect prefixes: | |||
*''-gä-'': itive - "go and (verb)" | |||
* | |||
=====Suffixes==== | |||
'''Perfect''' is formed with the ending ''-i'' [-''y'']. Suffix-derived verbs may form it irregularly (see [[Kola#Verb_extensions|verb extensions]]). | '''Perfect''' is formed with the ending ''-i'' [-''y'']. Suffix-derived verbs may form it irregularly (see [[Kola#Verb_extensions|verb extensions]]). | ||
:e.g. ጔዲ ''gwèdd<b>i</b>'' "to have walked" | :e.g. ጔዲ ''gwèdd<b>i</b>'' "to have walked" | ||
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:e.g. የዬዴ ''yäyedd<b>é</b>'' "who walks", የዬዲ ''yäyedd<b>í</b>'' "who walked" | :e.g. የዬዴ ''yäyedd<b>é</b>'' "who walks", የዬዲ ''yäyedd<b>í</b>'' "who walked" | ||
The '''singular imperative''' is formed with the ending ''-á'' [''-́''] in the absence of prefixes, and identically to the subjunctive in the presence of object prefixes. The '''plural imperative''' is formed with the ending ''-(ï)ní''. Both singular and plural imperatives are replaced with the corresponding subjunctives when negated. | |||
:e.g. ኤዳ ''edd<b>á</b>'' "walk", ዪድሌ ''yeddïl<b>é</b>'' "walk to it", ኤድኒ ''eddï<b>ní</b>'' "walk (pl.)", ዬድልኒ ''yeddïl<b>ní</b>'' "walk (pl.) to it" | :e.g. ኤዳ ''edd<b>á</b>'' "walk", ዪድሌ ''yeddïl<b>é</b>'' "walk to it", ኤድኒ ''eddï<b>ní</b>'' "walk (pl.)", ዬድልኒ ''yeddïl<b>ní</b>'' "walk (pl.) to it" | ||
::ከዌዴ ''<b>kä</b>wedd<b>é</b>'' "do not walk", ከውዬድሌ ''<b>kä</b>wyeddïl<b>é</b>'' "do not walk to it", ከኔዴ ''<b>kä</b>nedd<b>é</b>'' "do not walk (pl.)", ከኒዬድሌ ''<b>kä</b>niyeddïl<b>é</b>'' "do not walk (pl.) to it" | ::ከዌዴ ''<b>kä</b>wedd<b>é</b>'' "do not walk", ከውዬድሌ ''<b>kä</b>wyeddïl<b>é</b>'' "do not walk to it", ከኔዴ ''<b>kä</b>nedd<b>é</b>'' "do not walk (pl.)", ከኒዬድሌ ''<b>kä</b>niyeddïl<b>é</b>'' "do not walk (pl.) to it" | ||
Special imperative forms only exist in the second person; other persons use the subjunctive. In the second person affirmative, the subjunctive can be used to make a command softer. | |||
'''Habitual''' is formed with the suffix ''-ängä'' [''-ngä''] in the present and ''-ängi'' [''-ngi''] in the perfect. | '''Habitual''' is formed with the suffix ''-ängä'' [''-ngä''] in the present and ''-ängi'' [''-ngi''] in the perfect. | ||