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Kola: Difference between revisions
→Verbs
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===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
Structure: Pre-SM + SM + NEG<sub>2</sub> + TA + [OM + [<!---->[root + extension] + FV]] + <!--OM<sub>2</sub> + -->Post-FV | Structure: '''Pre-SM + SM + NEG<sub>2</sub> + TA + [OM + [<!---->[root + extension] + FV]] + <!--OM<sub>2</sub> + -->Post-FV''' | ||
*'''Pre-SM''' (pre-subject marker): includes relativizer ''a-'', focus markers, primary negation prefix ''kä-'', nominal prefixes (when multiple occur together, they occur in this order). | *'''Pre-SM''' (pre-subject marker): includes relativizer ''a-'', focus markers, primary negation prefix ''kä-'', nominal prefixes (when multiple occur together, they occur in this order). | ||
*'''SM''' (subject marker): subject concord prefixes - dropped in the imperative, obligatory otherwise. | *'''SM''' (subject marker): subject concord prefixes - dropped in the imperative, obligatory otherwise. | ||
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*'''root''': basic verb stem. | *'''root''': basic verb stem. | ||
*'''extension''': see [[Kola#Verb_extensions|verb extensions]] below. | *'''extension''': see [[Kola#Verb_extensions|verb extensions]] below. | ||
*'''FV''' (final vowel): indicates tense/aspect and mood (see [[Kola#Suffixes|suffixes]]). | *'''FV''' (final vowel): indicates tense/aspect and mood. The default FV is unaccented ''-ä/a'' (see [[Kola#Suffixes|suffixes]]). | ||
*'''Post-FV''' (post-final vowel): | *'''Post-FV''' (post-final vowel): includes negative suffix ''-m''. | ||
Native verbs normally end in unaccented ''-ä/a'', which is dropped upon the addition of suffixes. Suffixes ending in ''-ä'' similarly drop it when another suffix is added. Verbs ending in other vowels add suffixes after | Native verbs normally end in unaccented ''-ä/a'', which is dropped upon the addition of suffixes. Suffixes ending in ''-ä'' similarly drop it when another suffix is added. Verbs ending in other vowels add suffixes after the final vowel of the stem. The suffixes used for irregular verbs are shown in square brackets where they differ from regular verbs. Accented suffixes override the verb's native accent. | ||
====Non-finite forms==== | ====Non-finite forms==== | ||
'''Infinitive''' is a class 15 noun. It is formed by adding the class 15 prefix to the verb stem - e.g. ጔደ ''<b>gw</b>èddä'' "to walk" (stem: ''-èddä''). | '''Infinitive''' is a class 15 noun. It is formed by adding the class 15 prefix to the verb stem - e.g. ጔደ ''<b>gw</b>èddä'' "to walk" (stem: ''-èddä''). | ||