Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions

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In contemporary Chlouvānem, most forms of the imperative are obsolete: the imperfective imperative is typically only used in the 2SG and in the 3SG patientive; the singular and first-person plural (except for the 1SG and 3SG causatives) are the only ones commonly used in the perfective. The imperative is, furthermore, colloquial and may be impolite in many cases; wherever a command is needed, the optative is used instead, if not even more complex constructions.<br/>The imperative is however used for generic, mandatory commands, most notably on warning signs or announcements, such as e.g. ''nakāyų thiatia'' "mind the gap".
In contemporary Chlouvānem, most forms of the imperative are obsolete: the imperfective imperative is typically only used in the 2SG and in the 3SG patientive; the singular and first-person plural (except for the 1SG and 3SG causatives) are the only ones commonly used in the perfective. The imperative is, furthermore, colloquial and may be impolite in many cases; wherever a command is needed, the optative is used instead, if not even more complex constructions.<br/>The imperative is however used for generic, mandatory commands, most notably on warning signs or announcements, such as e.g. ''nakāyų thiatia'' "mind the gap".


''In all following tables, forms in <small>smaller</small> font are obsolete in contemporary Chlouvānem.''
''In all following tables, forms in <small>smaller italic font</small> are obsolete in contemporary Chlouvānem.''


'''Imperfective aspect'''
'''Imperfective aspect'''
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|-
|-
! rowspan=3 | Sing. !! 1st
! rowspan=3 | Sing. !! 1st
| <small>nāmv'''iku'''</small> || <small>nāmv'''yasu'''</small> || <small>nāmv'''iriku'''</small> || <small>nāmv'''ildiku'''</small> || <small>nāmv'''ildesu'''</small> || <small>nāmv'''ildriku'''</small>
| <small>''nāmv'''iku'''''</small> || <small>''nāmv'''yasu'''''</small> || <small>''nāmv'''iriku'''''</small> || <small>''nāmv'''ildiku'''''</small> || <small>''nāmv'''ildesu'''''</small> || <small>''nāmv'''ildriku'''''</small>
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
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|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| nāmv'''ogit''' || <small>nāmv'''āgi'''</small> || nāmv'''irogi''' || <small>nāmv'''ildogi'''</small> || <small>nāmv'''ildāgi'''</small> || <small>nāmv'''ildrogi'''</small>
| nāmv'''ogit''' || <small>''nāmv'''āgi'''''</small> || nāmv'''irogi''' || <small>''nāmv'''ildogi'''''</small> || <small>''nāmv'''ildāgi'''''</small> || <small>''nāmv'''ildrogi'''''</small>
|-
|-
! rowspan=3 | Dual !! 1st
! rowspan=3 | Dual !! 1st
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|-
|-
! rowspan=3 | Pl. !! 1st
! rowspan=3 | Pl. !! 1st
| <small>nāmv'''immi'''</small> || <small>nāmv'''yasmi'''</small> || <small>nāmv'''irimmi'''</small> || <small>nāmv'''ildimmi'''</small> || <small>nāmv'''ildesmi'''</small> || <small>nāmv'''ildrimmi'''</small>
| <small>''nāmv'''immi'''''</small> || <small>''nāmv'''yasmi'''''</small> || <small>''nāmv'''irimmi'''''</small> || <small>''nāmv'''ildimmi'''''</small> || <small>''nāmv'''ildesmi'''''</small> || <small>''nāmv'''ildrimmi'''''</small>
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| <small>nāmv'''oše'''</small> || <small>nāmv'''ąs'''</small> || <small>nāmv'''irąs'''</small> || <small>nāmv'''ilduše'''</small> || <small>nāmv'''ildąs'''</small> || <small>nāmv'''ildruše'''</small>
| <small>''nāmv'''oše'''''</small> || <small>''nāmv'''ąs'''''</small> || <small>''nāmv'''irąs'''''</small> || <small>''nāmv'''ilduše'''''</small> || <small>''nāmv'''ildąs'''''</small> || <small>''nāmv'''ildruše'''''</small>
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| <small>nāmv'''avija'''</small> || <small>nāmv'''aik'''</small> || <small>nāmv'''iroja'''</small> || <small>nāmv'''ildoja'''</small> || <small>nāmv'''ildaik'''</small> || <small>nāmv'''ildroja'''</small>
| <small>''nāmv'''avija'''''</small> || <small>''nāmv'''aik'''''</small> || <small>''nāmv'''iroja'''''</small> || <small>''nāmv'''ildoja'''''</small> || <small>''nāmv'''ildaik'''''</small> || <small>''nāmv'''ildroja'''''</small>
|}
|}


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|-
|-
! rowspan=3 | Sing. !! 1st
! rowspan=3 | Sing. !! 1st
| anāmv'''iku''' || anāmv'''yasu''' || anāmv'''iriku''' || <small>anāmv'''ildiku'''</small> || <small>anāmv'''ildesu'''</small> || <small>anāmv'''ildriku'''</small>
| anāmv'''iku''' || anāmv'''yasu''' || anāmv'''iriku''' || <small>''anāmv'''ildiku'''''</small> || <small>''anāmv'''ildesu'''''</small> || <small>''anāmv'''ildriku'''''</small>
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
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|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| anāmv'''oja''' || anāmv'''ænь''' || anāmv'''iruja''' || <small>anāmv'''ilduja'''</small> || <small>anāmv'''ildænь'''</small> || <small>anāmv'''ildṛja'''</small>
| anāmv'''oja''' || anāmv'''ænь''' || anāmv'''iruja''' || <small>''anāmv'''ilduja'''''</small> || <small>''anāmv'''ildænь'''''</small> || <small>''anāmv'''ildṛja'''''</small>
|-
|-
! rowspan=3 | Dual !! 1st
! rowspan=3 | Dual !! 1st
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|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| <small>anāmv'''oše'''</small> || <small>anāmv'''ąs'''</small> || <small>anāmv'''irąs'''</small> || <small>anāmv'''ilduše'''</small> || <small>anāmv'''ildąs'''</small> || <small>anāmv'''ildruše'''</small>
| <small>''anāmv'''oše'''''</small> || <small>''anāmv'''ąs'''''</small> || <small>''anāmv'''irąs'''''</small> || <small>''anāmv'''ilduše'''''</small> || <small>''anāmv'''ildąs'''''</small> || <small>''anāmv'''ildruše'''''</small>
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| <small>anāmv'''avija'''</small> || <small>anāmv'''aik'''</small> || <small>anāmv'''iroja'''</small> || <small>anāmv'''ildoja'''</small> || <small>anāmv'''ildaik'''</small> || <small>anāmv'''ildroja'''</small>
| <small>''anāmv'''avija'''''</small> || <small>''anāmv'''aik'''''</small> || <small>''anāmv'''iroja'''''</small> || <small>''anāmv'''ildoja'''''</small> || <small>''anāmv'''ildaik'''''</small> || <small>''anāmv'''ildroja'''''</small>
|}
|}


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