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| '''Ancient Netagin''' (''barits Natāgīn'') is the oldest attested stage of [[Netagin]]. It is a (largely reconstructed) triconsonantal language inspired by Biblical Hebrew and Aramaic, spoken in Western Etalocin. This page describes Ancient Netagin, the oldest attested stage of Netagin.
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| ==Phonology==
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| ===Consonants===
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| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:700px;text-align:center;"
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| ! colspan="2" |
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| ! |Labial
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| ! |Alveolar
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| ! |Lateral
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| ! |Palatal
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| ! |Velar
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| ! |Uvular
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| ! |Pharyngeal
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| ! |Glottal
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
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| | '''m''' /m/
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| |colspan="2"| '''n''' /n/
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| | '''ŋ''' /ŋ/
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="3" |Plosive
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| ! |<small>plain</small>
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| |colspan="2"| '''t''' /t/
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| | '''k''' /k/
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| | '''ʔ''' /ʔ/
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| |-
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| ! |<small>tense</small>
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| |colspan="2"| '''ṭ''' /t˭/
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| | '''ḳ''' /k˭/
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| |-
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| ! |<small>voiced</small>
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| | '''b''' /b/
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| |colspan="2"| '''d''' /d/
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| | '''g''' /g/
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" style="" |Affricate
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| | '''c''' /ts/
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| | '''q''' /tɬ/
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative
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| ! |<small>voiceless</small>
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| | '''f''' /f/
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| | '''s''' /s/
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| | '''x''' /ɬ/
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| | '''ħ''' /ħ/
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| | '''h''' /h/
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| |-
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| ! |<small>voiced</small>
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| | '''z''' /z/
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| |rowspan="2"| '''ȝ''' /ʁ/
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" |Approximant
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| | '''w''' /w/
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| |colspan="2"| '''r''' /ɾ/
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| | '''j''' /j/
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| |}
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| ===Vowels===
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| The following vowels were used:
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|
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| <poem>
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| i iː u uː
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| a aː oː
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| aj aw
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| </poem>
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| {{angbr|'''i ī u ū a ā ō ay aw'''}}
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| Stress is marked with an acute accent.
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|
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| ==Morphology==
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| ===Nouns and adjectives===
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| The definite article was ''ʔis-''.
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| ====Number====
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| Three numbers: sg, du/col, pl
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| Two genders: plain, honorific
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| Honorific marked with -ō
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| absolute, construct, possessed forms
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| For example, below are the declensions of ''yarifi'' (plain) = 'wheel'; ''ʔiȝsō'' (honorific) = 'eagle'
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
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| |+ Sample nouns
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| |-
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| ! style="width: 90px;" rowspan="2" | !! colspan="2" | Singulative !! colspan="2" | Dual-collective !! colspan="2" | Plurative
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| |-
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| ! style="width: 90px;" | absolute !! style="width: 90px;" | construct !! style="width: 90px;" | absolute !! style="width: 90px;" | construct !! style="width: 90px;" | absolute !! style="width: 90px;" | construct
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| |-
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| !Plain
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| || ''yarifi'' || ''yarif'' || ''yarifūʔ'' || ''yarifū'' || ''yarifāʔ'' || ''yarifā''
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| |-
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| !Honorific
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| || ''ʔiȝsō'' || ''ʔiȝsōn'' || ''ʔiȝsōnūʔ'' || ''ʔiȝsōnū'' || ''ʔiȝsōbi'' || ''ʔiȝsōb''
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| |}
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| ====Possessive suffixes====
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| ===Pronouns===
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2" |
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| ! colspan="3" | First person !! colspan="3" | Second person !! colspan="3" | Third person
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| |-
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| ! style="width: 90px;" | Singular !! style="width: 90px;" | Dual !! style="width: 90px;" | Plural !! style="width: 90px;" | Singular !! style="width: 90px;" | Dual !! style="width: 90px;" | Plural !! style="width: 90px;" | Singular !! style="width: 90px;" | Dual !! style="width: 90px;" | Plural
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| |-
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| !Independent
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| ||''ʔakt''||''ʔakkū''||''ʔakkā''||''ʔanni''||''ʔannū''||''ʔannā''||''hini (a)''<br/>''hinan (hon.)''||''hinnū''||''hinnā''
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| |-
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| !Clitic
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| ||''-ki''||''-kū''||''-kā''||''-ni''||''-nū''||''-nā''||''-hi''||''-hū''||''-hā''
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| |}
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| ===Verbs===
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
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| |-
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| ! Binyan !! Imperfective !! Perfective !! Antipassive<br/>Participle !! Passive<br/>Participle !! Action noun
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| |-
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| ! 1
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| | ''1a2a3'' || ''-i12a3'' || ''1ō2i3'' || ''1i2u3'' || ''1i2i3i''
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| |-
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| ! 2
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| | ''1a2ō3'' || ''-a12ū3'' || ''1a2ī3'' || ''1a2ū3'' || ''1u2ā3''
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| |-
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| ! 3
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| | ''ʔa12ī<sup>1</sup>3'' || ''-uni12i3'' || ''bi1ːū2ā3'' || ''ti1ːū2ā3'' || ''ʔa12u3ti''
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| |-
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| ! 4
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| | ''ʔa12i3'' || ''-i1ːi2u3'' || ''ba12a3'' || ''ta12a3'' || ''ʔa12a3ō''
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| |-
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| ! 5
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| | ''ta12u3'' || ''-ut1a2i3'' || ''but1a2u3'' || ''tut1a2u3'' || ''ta12ō3ō''
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| |-
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| ! 6
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| | ''ʔir1a2a3'' || ''-ur1i2u3'' || ''bur1i2u3'' || ''tur1i2u3'' || ''ʔur1a2i3i''
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| |-
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| ! 7
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| | ''ʔirta1a2u3'' || ''-urta1a2i3'' || ''burta1a2u3'' || ''turta1a2u3'' || ''tirta1a2ī3i''
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| |-
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| ! 8
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| | ''ʔi21a2i3'' || ''-i21i2u3'' || ''bu21ā2u3'' || ''tu21ā2u3'' || ''ʔu21a2i3i''
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| |-
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| ! 9
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| | ''1as2u3'' || ''-u1is2u3'' || ''bu1as2u3'' || ''tu1as2u3'' || ''tu1as2i3i''
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| |-
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| ! 10
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| | ''1i2a2i3'' || ''-i12i2u3'' || ''bu12i2u3'' || ''tu12i2u3'' || ''ti12a2i3i''
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| |-
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| ! 11
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| | ''1a2ā2u3'' || ''-i12ī2u3'' || ''bu12ā2u3'' || ''tu12ā2u3'' || ''tu12ā2i3i''
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| |-
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| ! 12
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| | ''1i31a2u3'' || ''-i1a31i2u3'' || ''bu1i31ā2u3'' || ''tu1i31ā2u3'' || ''1i31a2i3i''
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| |}
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| <sup>1</sup> Shortens to ''i'' when a suffix is added.
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| The ''participle'' is an agent noun or an adjective. Adverbializing it yields manner of action "as if to X".
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| The ''action noun'' ({{sc|axn}}) or ''gerund'' is used in action noun constructions, which are of the form SUBJECT-{{sc|gen}} AXN OBJECT-{{sc|acc}}. It is of importance in forming relative clauses, for Netagin does not have a relativizer.
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| ====Affixes====
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| {{col-begin}}
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| {{col-break}}
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
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| |+Present tense affixes
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| |-
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| ! !! Singular !! Dual-Coll. !! Plural
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| |-
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| ! 1
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| | ''-fi'' || ''-fū'' || ''-fā''
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| |-
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| ! 2
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| | ''-an''<br/>''-at'' (hon.) || ''-nū''<br/>''-tū'' (hon.) || ''-nā''<br/>''-tōb'' (hon.)
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| |-
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| ! 3
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| | ''-∅''<br/>''-ō'' (hon.) || ''-ū'' || ''-ā'' <br/> ''-ōb'' (hon.)
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| |}
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| {{col-break}}
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
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| |+''ʔabnis'' 'steal'
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| |-
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| ! !! Singular !! Dual-Coll. !! Plural
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| |-
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| ! 1
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| | ''ʔabnisfi'' || ''ʔabnisfū'' || ''ʔabnisfā''
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| |-
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| ! 2
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| | ''ʔabnisan'' || ''ʔabnisnū'' || ''ʔabnisnā''
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| |-
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| ! 3
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| | ''ʔabnis''<br/>''ʔabnisō'' (hon.) || ''ʔabnisū'' || ''ʔabnisā'' <br/>''ʔabnisōb''
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| |}
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| {{col-end}}
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| {{col-begin}}
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| {{col-break}}
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
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| |+Past tense affixes
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| |-
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| ! !! Singular !! Dual-Coll. !! Plural
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| |-
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| ! 1
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| | ''f-'' || ''f-ū'' || ''f-ā''
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| |-
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| ! 2
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| | ''n-''<br/>''n-ō'' (hon.) || ''n-ū'' || ''n-ā''<br/>''n-ōb'' (hon.)
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| |-
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| ! 3
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| | ''h-''<br/>''h-ō'' (hon.)|| ''h-ū'' || ''h-ā''<br/>''h-ōb'' (hon.)
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| |}
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| {{col-break}}
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
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| |+''ʔabnis'' 'steal'
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| |-
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| ! !! Singular !! Dual-Coll. !! Plural
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| |-
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| ! 1
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| | ''fibbinus'' || ''fibbinusū'' || ''fibbinusā''
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| |-
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| ! 2
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| | ''nibbinus'' || ''nibbinusū'' || ''nibbinusā''
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| |-
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| ! 3
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| | ''hibbinus''<br/>''hibbinusō'' (hon.) || ''hibbinusū'' || ''hibbinusā'' <br/>''hibbinusōb'' (hon.)
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| |}
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| {{col-end}}
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| ==Syntax==
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| Little is attested about Ancient Netagin syntax; it is thought to have been syntactically ergative and almost completely head-initial like [[Old Netagin]].
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| [[Category:Tricin]][[Category:Netagin]]
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