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| ===Particles=== | | ===Particles=== |
| ====Focus particles==== | | ====Focus particles==== |
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| | *ን- '''nï-''' : |
| *'''ni-''' :
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| **(with nominals): places focus on the nominal - e.g. ኒሚ ኛዬዴ ''<b>nimí</b> nyayédde.'' "<b>It is I</b> who walked." (compare: ሚኒ ኜዴ ''míni nyédde.'' "I walked.")
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| **(with verbs in the indicative): places focus on the verb - e.g. ኒኜዴ ''ninyedde'' "I did walk" (i.e. "(it is true) that I walked")
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| **(with verbs in the subjunctive): "that" - e.g. ኒኜዴ ''ninyeddé'' "that I walk". Can be used for necessative (must, should), often in combination with the applicative - e.g. ኒኜዴ (ዪኝዋለ) ''ninyeddé (yinywálä)'' "I must walk" (literally: "(there is on me) that I walk") | |
| *'''si-''' : negative counterpart of ''ni''
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| **(with nominals): negates and places focus on the nominal - e.g. ሲሚ ኛዬዴ ''<b>simí</b> nyayédde.'' "<b>It is not I</b> who walked." (compare: ኒሚ ኛየሴዴ ''nimí nyayasédde.'' "It is I who did not walk."; ሚኒ ከኜዴም ''míni känyéddem.'' "I did not walk.")
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| **(with verbs in the indicative): negates and places focus on the verb - e.g. ሲኜዴ ''sinyedde'' "I did not walk" (i.e. "(it is true) that I did not walk")
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| **(with verbs in the subjunctive): "that not" - e.g. ሲኜዴ ''sinyeddé'' "that I do not walk". Can be used for negative necessative (must not, should not), often in combination with the applicative - e.g. ሲኜዴ (ዪኝዋለ) ''sinyeddé (yinywálä)'' "I must not walk" (literally: "(there is on me) that I do not walk")-->
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| *'''nï-''' :
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| **(with nominals): places focus on the nominal - e.g. ንሚ ኛዬዴ ''<b>nïmí</b> nyayédde.'' "<b>It is I</b> who walked." (compare: ሚኒ ኜዴ ''míni nyédde.'' "I walked.") | | **(with nominals): places focus on the nominal - e.g. ንሚ ኛዬዴ ''<b>nïmí</b> nyayédde.'' "<b>It is I</b> who walked." (compare: ሚኒ ኜዴ ''míni nyédde.'' "I walked.") |
| **(with verbs in the indicative): places focus on the verb - e.g. ንኜዴ ''nïnyedde'' "I did walk" (i.e. "(it is true) that I walked") | | **(with verbs in the indicative): places focus on the verb - e.g. ንኜዴ ''nïnyedde'' "I did walk" (i.e. "(it is true) that I walked") |
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| ====Conjunctions==== | | ====Conjunctions==== |
| *'''-nä''': "and" - joins components in a clause | | *-ነ '''-nä''': "and" - joins components in a clause |
| *'''na''': "and" - joins clauses | | *ና '''na''': "and" - joins clauses |
| ====Adpositions==== | | ====Adpositions==== |
| *Locative prefixes (with all their meanings) | | *Locative prefixes (with all their meanings) |