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| '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''Wieb-Muts'' [''Vạp Mã''] or ''Reber-Muts'' [''Rạp Mã'']) is a Wiebian dialect continuum that includes Modern Standard [[Wiebian]] (both the European and the North American varieties). It is often simply called "Wiebian" in-universe.
| | Indo-European pseudo-Hmong? |
| ==Words==
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| *good: ''wick'' (''vệch'')
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| *I am king: ''Nu luh Hauer.'' (''Nà là ho.'')
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| ==Numbers== | | -g -Ø -m -s -b -v -j -d = cases |
| va:m, dɪɧɐ, naɐ̯k, !au, ze:lɪɧ, ʃtu:m, ʀaut, lɛɐ̯ts, pfaɐ̯p, ki:ɐ̯
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| væ:m, dɛɧ, naɐ̯k, !au, ze:ʟəɧ, ʃtu:m, ʀəut, lɛɐ̯ts, pfaɐ̯p, ki:ɐ̯
| | (nom, voc, acc, gen, dat, instr, loc, abl) |
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| ve:m, dɛɧ, naak, !oo, zi:ʟəɧ, ʃtaum, ʀaut, ljaats, pfaap, kaiɐ
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| ve:m, dɛɧ, naak, !oo, zi:ŋɧ, tʰaum, ʕaut, ljaas, faap, kaiɐ
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| fe:m (l -p m), ɗɛj (l -p b), naak (l -p g), !oo (h -p m), si:ŋ (l -p b), tʰaum (h -p m), 'aut (l -p g), ljaa (l -p b), faap (h -p g), kaiɐ (h -p m)
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| *1 ''wahm'': ''viềm''
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| *2 ''discher'': ''đẫy''
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| *3 ''narg'': ''nộc''
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| *4 ''muhl'': ''màng''
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| *5 ''sälisch'': ''xỡng''
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| *6 ''stuom'': ''thim''
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| *7 ''rut'': ''ứt''
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| *8 ''lerz'': ''lỡ''
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| *9 ''pfarb'': ''vốp''
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| *10 ''kior'': ''ra''
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| *100 ''däll'': ''đầng''
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| *1000 ''seit'': ''xượt''
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| *10000 ''krüeb'': ''kệp''
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| *11 (dozenal): ''gepfod'': ''phứt''
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| *12 (dozenal): ''gepfemm'': ''phâm''
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| *12^2 ''zann'': ''xăn''
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| *12^3 ''uog'': ''ích''
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| ==Letters==
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| *T: Trabe > tˁɑɑp > độp
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| *G: Galst > galʔ > kwaʔ > quạ
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| *K: Kohl > kool > koow (h -p m) > củ > cư
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| *W: Wier > vjaʔ > vaʔ > vạ > vơ
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| *N: Narch > naaç > naaj (l -p b) > noi > nổi
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| *Q: Kried > qˁeit > keit (h +p g) > kiệt
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| *L: Lecken > *Leck > EMW lek > LMW lek (l -p g) > lậc
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| *P: Pfut > faut > ... > vát
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| *C: Ang > ʔaŋ > ăng
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| *Ŧ: Ŧeib > ǃeip (Canadian raising!) > chiếp
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| *J: Jamm > dằm
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| *F: Fitt - pretty sure it's vết
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| *M: Mersch > maa (l -p b) > mả > mở
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| *D: Dachel > EMW daxu > LMW ɗoo (l -p b) (with compensatory lengthening) > đủ > đử
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| *Đ: Đruche > EMW g!ˁoux > !ow (l +p b) > !xẻo > chảo
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| *R: Rift > EMW ʕeft > ʔew (l +p g) > ếu > éo
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| *S: Schnade > nʰeit > ... > niết
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| *ß: Discherschnader > *discher Schnade > đẫy niết
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| *H: Hammel > hamu > hom (h -p m) > hỏm > hôm
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| *B: Bruog > EMW bˁook > ɓook (l +p +g) > bức
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| *Z: Zamm > xăm
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| *I: *ii > ai > ai > aa > ưa
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| *U: uu > au > au > ea > a
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| *E: ee > ii > ii > ơi?
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| *O: oo > uu > uu > yy > i
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| *A: aa > ei > ia > ia
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| ==Phonology==
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| Based on Vietnamese. Pinyin in '''bold'''.
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| ===Consonants===
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;"
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| |+ '''Reber Wiobian consonants (Hauerreberjamms)'''
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| ! colspan="2"|
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| ! | Labial
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| ! | Dental
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| ! | Alveolar
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| ! | Click
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| ! | Palatal
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| ! | Velar
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| ! | Uvular
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| ! | Glottal
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" | Nasal
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| | '''m''' /m/
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| | '''n''' /n̪/
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| | '''nh''' /ɲ/
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| | '''ng''' /ŋ/
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2" |Plosive
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| ! | <small>plain</small>
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| | '''p''' /p/
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| | '''t''' /t̪/
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| | '''tr''' /ǃ/
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| | '''ch''' /c~tɕ/
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| | '''c, qu''' /k/
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| | '''k''' /q/
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| | '''Ø''' /ʔ-/
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| |-
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| ! | <small>implosive</small>
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| | '''b''' /ɓ/
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| | '''đ''' /ɗ/
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2" |Fricative
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| ! | <small>voiceless</small>
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| | '''x''' /s/
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| | '''s''' /ɧ/
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| | '''h''' /h/
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| |-
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| ! | <small>voiced</small>
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| | '''v''' /v/
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| | '''d''' /ð/
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| | '''gi''' /z/
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| | '''g''' /ɣ/
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" |Affricate
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| | '''ph''' /pf/
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| | '''th''' /ts/
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| | '''kh''' /kx/
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" |Trill
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| | '''r''' /r/
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" |Approximant
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| | '''ł, o, u''' /w/
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| | '''l''' /l/
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| | '''j''' /j/
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| |}
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| ===Vowels===
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
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| |-
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| !
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| ! Front
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| ! Central
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| ! Back
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| |-
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| ! Close
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| | '''i, y''' /i/
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| | '''ư''' /ɨ/
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| | '''u''' /u/
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| |-
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| ! Close-mid
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| | '''ê''' /e/
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| | '''ơ''' /ɤ/
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| | '''ô''' /o/
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| |-
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| ! Open-mid
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| | '''e''' /ɛ/
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| | '''â''' /ə̆/
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| | '''o''' /ɔ/
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| |-
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| ! Open
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| | colspan="3" | '''ă''' /ă/ '''a''' /a/
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| |}
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| ==LMW > Early Reber Wiebian==
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| ===An Bhlaoighne-style tone mergers===
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| <poem>
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| -phar:
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| h -p b: hoi
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| h -p g: sac
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| h -p m: ngang
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| l -p b: nga
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| l -p g: nang
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| l -p m: huyen
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| +phar:
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| h +p b: huyen
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| h +p g: nang
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| h +p m: hoi
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| l +p b: ngang
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| l +p g: sac
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| l +p m: nga
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| </poem>
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| ===Consonant shift===
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| ===Vowel shifts===
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| <poem>
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| I need Late Middle Wiebian (placeholder name) > Early Viet gib Wieb
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| Perhaps I'll start with au > eaa
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| because we need luh > là
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| funny that even the tone matches
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| Sie should become 'shi' in your chinese gib
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| zi: > zaj > zʲeai > Si (central vowel) > shi
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| /ʂɻ̩/
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| all the same tone!
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| yes
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| that would make a great Chinese parody
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| I should have a language named Shi
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| 1: shi1
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| 2: shi4
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| 3: shi2
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| 4: shi4
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| 5: shi3
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| 6: shi4
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| 7: shi1
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| 8: shi3
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| 9: shi1
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| 10: shi2
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| how do you tell the difference between 1, 7 and 9?
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| it's a jokelang
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| grin emoticon
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| like everything in Kuusi Palaa is "kuusi palaa"
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| yes
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| ɑɑ > ɔɔ
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| ææ > eə̆
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| btw the word for 'not' in Gussnish, 'owwan' is just the exlocative of 'la'
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| is o-S the exlocative?
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| or was it on-?
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| ow-S(genitive)
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| sorry
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| ow-
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| æn / sæn
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| me / ow
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| rø / tsø
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| λø / ød
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| ?? / ??
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| in / not in
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| with / without
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| ?? / ??
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| to / not to (used in negative imperatives)
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| in / not in
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| with / without
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| like / unlike
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| the first two don't trigger séimhiú but the rest do
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| jia > iə
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| ɥa, ɥø > wiə (uya, uyê-)
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| Zürde ('offering') > xuyết
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| nice!
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| ɥa, ɥø, ɥya > wiə
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| I probably won't be able to get all the viet rimes
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| wo wua > uə
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| actually
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| ɥa > wɛ?
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| ɥø > we
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| yy > uy
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| /wi/
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| oo > ô:
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| > u:
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| uu > ɨɨ
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| ou > ô:?
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| ei > ê:?
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| øy > ơ:?
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| ai > ay in open syllables, ɛ: in closed?
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| same for ay
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| au > au in open syllables, ɔ: o in closed?
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| jaa sounds like eaa from au
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| let's merge them
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| waa > oa /wa:/
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| ɥaa > ?
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| ưa?
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| that's a good idea
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| əa > ə:
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| øø > ə:?
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| ơi?
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| the problem: where do I get -j finals?
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| I should have vowel reflexes specific to open syllables
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| yes
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| or have AW -l -> -j
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| like in Viet
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| how?
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| Viet cây (tree) ~ Mương câl
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| Viet mười < Proto-Vietic *maal
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| some -j finals are not allowed in vietnamese
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| for example after /e/
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| just merge them
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| về ~ Muong wềl
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| *êy -> ê
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| that's one option
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| or alter the nucleus
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| êy -> ây?
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| *êy > ơi
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| yes
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| we went over
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| ɑ > o
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| æ > ă
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| e. ø > â
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| i > ê
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| o > o
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| u > ô
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| y > ơ
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| ii should move out of the way
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| to a diphthong
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| ơi?
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| øø > ươi(?)
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| i forgot wa > oă
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| perhaps ei ou øy should become ơi ơu ơi
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| in open syllables
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| I need to look at each Viet rime and ask "how can I get it?"
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| don't care much about oeo, uyu
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| viet does have quẹo
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| i can get -w from -f and -ft
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| </poem>
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| ==Grammar==
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| ===Copula===
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| The copula is ''luh'' (''là'' - just like in Vietnamese!).
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| ===Pronouns===
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| ====Correlatives====
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| *''mahr'': like this
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| *''ahr'': like that
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| *''jahr'': how?
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| [[Category:Wiebic languages]][[Category:Pfeunic languages]]
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Indo-European pseudo-Hmong?
-g -Ø -m -s -b -v -j -d = cases
(nom, voc, acc, gen, dat, instr, loc, abl)