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| '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''Wieber-Müđel'' (''yip6 mong5'') or ''Reber-Müđel'' (''lip6 mong5'')) is a Wiebian dialect continuum that includes varieties of Modern Standard [[Wiebian]]. It is often simply called "Wiebian" in-universe. {{PAGENAME}} is aesthetically inspired by Chinese.
| | Indo-European pseudo-Hmong? |
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| ==Numbers== | | -g -Ø -m -s -b -v -j -d = cases |
| *1: wahm /jɛp˨/
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| *2: diƨƨer /tʂʰɨ˩˧/
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| *3: narg /nɛk˨/
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| *4: đauf /ǃʰy˩˧/
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| *5: säliƨ /si˩˧/
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| *6: stuhm /tʂʰɔm˥/
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| *7: rut /ʔɔt˨/
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| *8: lerz /laː˩˧/
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| *9: pfarb /pʰɛp˧/
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| *10: kier /kiə˥/
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| ==Historical phonology==
| | (nom, voc, acc, gen, dat, instr, loc, abl) |
| ===Middle Wiebian===
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
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| |+'''Middle Wiebian initials'''
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| ! colspan="2"|
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| !Labial
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| !Alveolar
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| !Retroflex
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| !Click
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| !Velar
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| !Glottal
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2"|Nasal
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| ! | <small>voiceless</small>
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| |/m̊/
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| |/n̊/
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| |/ɳ̊/
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| |/ŋ̊!/
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| |/ŋ̊/
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| |-
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| ! | <small>voiced</small>
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| |/m/
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| |/n/
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| |/ɳ/
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| |/ŋ!/
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| |/ŋ/
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="3"|Stop
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| ! | <small>tenuis</small>
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| |/p/
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| |/t/
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| |/ʈ/
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| |/ǃ/
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| |/k/
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| |/ʔ/
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| |-
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| ! | <small>aspirated</small>
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| |/pʰ/
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| |/tʰ/
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| |/ʈʰ/
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| |/ǃʰ/
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| |/kʰ/
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| |-
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| ! | <small>voiced</small>
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| |/b/
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| |/d/
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| |/ɖ/
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| |/ɡǃ/
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| |/ɡ/
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2"|Spirants
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| ! | <small>voiceless</small>
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| |/f/
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| |/θ/
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| |/ɧ/
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| |/x/
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| |/h/
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| |-
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| ! | <small>voiced</small>
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| |/ð/
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| |/ɧ̬/
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| |/ɣ/
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2"|Sibilants
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| ! | <small>voiceless</small>
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| |/s/
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| |/ʂ/
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| |-
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| ! | <small>voiced</small>
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| |/z/
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| |/ʐ/
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2"|Approximant
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| ! | <small>voiceless</small>
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| |/ʍ/
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| |/l̥/
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| |-
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| ! | <small>voiced</small>
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| |/w/
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| |/l/
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| |}
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| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
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| |+ '''Middle Wiebian vowels'''
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="3" style="width: 90px; "|
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| ! colspan="4" style="width: 180px; " |Front
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| ! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Central
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| ! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Back
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>unrounded</small>
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| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>rounded</small>
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| |-
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Close
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| | /i/
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| | /iː/
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| | /y/
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| | /yː/
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| | /u/
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| | /uː/
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Mid
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| | /e/
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| | /eː/
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| | /ø/
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| | /øː/
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| | /əː/
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| | /ɔ/
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| | /oː/
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Open
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| | /æ/
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| | /æː/
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| | /ɑ/
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| | /ɑː/
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| |}
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| Diphthongs: /ai au oy ja je iːa jaː wa wo uːa waː ɥa ɥø yːa ɥaː aiɐ auɐ oyɐ/
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| Tones:
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| *(-p m)
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| *(-p b)
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| *(-p g)
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| *(+p m)
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| *(+p b)
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| *(+p g)
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| ===Final changes===
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| *Vowels lengthen before ŋ: ɑŋ æŋ eŋ iŋ oŋ øŋ uŋ yŋ > ɑːŋ æːŋ eːŋ iːŋ oːŋ øːŋ uːŋ yːŋ
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| *-ŋ! > -ŋ
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| ===Retroflex/slender split===
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| *ɑ merger with ɔ, ɑː merger with aː
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| *ai ~ iː > iː in open syllables, aː in closed syllables
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| *a(ː) ~ ja(ː) > a(ː)
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| *e ~ je/i > i
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| *əː ~ eː > eː
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| *au ~ ay > ɔ(ː)
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| *o(ː) ~ ø(ː) > o(ː)
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| *u(ː) ~ y(ː) > u(ː)
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| *u(ː)a ~ y(ː)a > u(ː)a
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| *uo ~ yø > uo
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| *aiɐ ~ iːa > ja
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| *auɐ ~ oyɐ > wa
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| *ʔ > ʔ / r
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| *k > k / t͡ɕ
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| *ʈ > k / tʂ
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| *θ > ʂ / t
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| *! > ! / |
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| *ɧ > r / r
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| *t > tʂ / ts
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| *p > p / pj
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| *n > ɳ / n
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| *ɳ > ŋ
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| *l > l / l or j depending on dialect
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| *r > l
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| ===Tone splits and mergers===
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| p ph b > p-H ph-H ph-L
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| *-phar:
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| **h -p m: 1
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| **h -p b: 2
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| **h -p g: 3/1
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| **l -p m: 4
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| **l -p b: 5
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| **l -p g: 6
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| *+phar:
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| **h +p m: 5
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| **h +p b: 4
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| **h +p g: 6/1
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| **l +p m: 1
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| **l +p b: 2
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| **l +p g: 3
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| long vowel-short vowel merger
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| *2 + s > 3
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| *4 + s > 6
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| *6 + L > creakiness
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| ==Inventory==
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| ===Consonants===
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
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| |+'''Reber Wiebian initials'''
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| ! colspan="2"|
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| !Labial
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| !Alveolar
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| !Retroflex
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| !Click
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| !Palatal
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| !Velar
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| !Glottal
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2"|Nasal
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| |/m/
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| |/n/
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| |/ŋ!/
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| |/ŋ/
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2"|Stop
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| ! | <small>tenuis</small>
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| |/p/
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| |/t/, /ts/
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| |/ʈʂ/
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| |/ǃ/
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| |/tɕ/
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| |/k/
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| |/ʔ/
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| |-
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| ! | <small>aspirated</small>
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| |/pʰ/
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| |/tʰ/, /tsʰ/
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| |/ʈʂʰ/
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| |/ǃʰ/
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| |/tɕʰ/
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| |/kʰ/
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2"|Fricatives
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| |/f/
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| |/s/
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| |/ʂ/
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| |/ɕ/
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| |/x/
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| |/h/
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2"|Approximant
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| |/w/
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| |/l/
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| |/j/
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| |}
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| ===Vowels===
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| *i
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| *a
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| *ɛ
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| *ɔ
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| *œ
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| *y
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| *u
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| *ia > i
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| *ua > u
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| *ja, wa > aa
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| *final -w, -j
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| *øi, øu > øy
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| *i, y > ɨ before retroflexes.
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| ===Tones===
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| 123456 as in Cantonese.
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| ==Morphology==
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| ===Nouns===
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| ===Adjectives===
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| ===Verbs===
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| ===Accents and dialects===
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| *Standard
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| *HRJ (distinct?)
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| *Defahl
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| *Lerzkorren
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| *Frintermien
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| *Keime
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| Jüngerriems accent of Reber: retroflex ->alveolar
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| so ʈʂ, ʈʂʰ, ʂ pronounced as ts, tsʰ, s
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| Lerzkorren accent: likethe Jüngerriems accent but click free
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| clicks -> uvulars as in bruusing
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| Frintermien: retro and click merge
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| into click
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| /ʂ/ -> sje
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| Clofabian Reber: Reber sounds happen to correspond quite neatly to Clofab ones with the hmoob reading so I'll use that
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| retro -> ʈʰ, ʈ, ʂ
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| click -> ɴ, qʰ, q
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| i almost wish Hussmauch had M-Clofab and not Clofab -- then they'd find Reber tones much easier!
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| <poem>
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| tone mergers: Jüngerriems and Lerzkorren have something funny going on with tones (retroflexes cause a tone change)
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| the Keimian accent would be the weirdest
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| vowel + ng -> nasalized vowel
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| unaspirated stops are voiced
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| (and sometimes become fricatives)
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| vowel + m -> nasalized vowel + w
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| or maybe no w
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| clicks become semitic style emphatics
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| it's perhaps the hardest accent to pull off for someone from HRJ
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| sorry, vowel + m,n,ng -> nasal vowel + m,n,(optional ng)
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| vowels get uniformly tensed
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| ɛ, œ -> e,ø
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| /i/ can sound like an apical vowel
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| (think mandarin)
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| then vocab differences (Etz vs Jeng ...)
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| keimian tone mergers:
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| 1 2 3 4 5 6-> high falling, mid level, mid falling, mid falling, low level, low level
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| Nurian accents: one could preserve slender k!
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| another one could have czech ř for slender r
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| also you can do weird things with seimhiu/fricatives
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| </poem>
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| ==Syntax==
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| [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:Wiebic languages]][[Category:Pfeunic languages]][[Category:Pfeuno-Kitelucquian languages]][[Category:Hussmauch]]
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