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Is Burunking: Difference between revisions
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The '''causative''' is created with the prefix ''era-'', replacing verbal noun ''e-, i-, y-'', e.g. ''erakash'' "teach" < ''ekash'' "learn", ''erayeki'' "build, erect" < ''eyeki'' "stand". The causative verb must take the transitive endings in conjugation. | The '''causative''' is created with the prefix ''era-'', replacing verbal noun ''e-, i-, y-'', e.g. ''erakash'' "teach" < ''ekash'' "learn", ''erayeki'' "build, erect" < ''eyeki'' "stand". The causative verb must take the transitive endings in conjugation. | ||
:: <small>''Note:'' When a verb is made causative, the agent of the original verb is marked by the '''dative''' (whether the original is intransitive or transitive). The direct object of an original transitive verb remains in the '''accusative'''. E.g. ''ni ba (Faransekyo ke) ekaita'' "I am learning (French)" → ''Kitzu ba (Faransekyo ke) ni ni erakaita'' Christophe is teaching me (French). </small> | |||
An '''applicative''' affix ''-ki-'' may be added to the verb stem to promote the indirect object (dative) of the verb to the direct object (accusative). The resulting direct object indicates the benefactor, malefactor, recipient, purpose or goal of the verb, depending on context and the meaning of the verb. The affix may be added to an intransitive verb, creating a transitive, or to a transitive verb creating a either ditransitive, in which both objects take the accusative, or another transitive verb in which the original direct object is incorporated or unexpressed. E.g. ''erakaiki'' "teach (someone)", ''iniirakaiki'' "teach (someone) hunting", ''aratobanki'' "feed (someone)". | An '''applicative''' affix ''-ki-'' may be added to the verb stem to promote the indirect object (dative) of the verb to the direct object (accusative). The resulting direct object indicates the benefactor, malefactor, recipient, purpose or goal of the verb, depending on context and the meaning of the verb. The affix may be added to an intransitive verb, creating a transitive, or to a transitive verb creating a either ditransitive, in which both objects take the accusative, or another transitive verb in which the original direct object is incorporated or unexpressed. E.g. ''erakaiki'' "teach (someone)", ''iniirakaiki'' "teach (someone) hunting", ''aratobanki'' "feed (someone)". | ||