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Duozynis: Difference between revisions
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Syllable structure for is mostly (C)(C)(C)V(C) and stress pattern is not fixed. | Syllable structure for is mostly (C)(C)(C)V(C) and stress pattern is not fixed. | ||
*/t/ turns into / | */t/ turns into /d/ before (front vowel) | ||
*/o/ becomes null before /u/ | */o/ becomes null before /u/ | ||
*/z/ becomes /d/ after (vowel) | */z/ becomes /d/ after (vowel) | ||
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!1st. Singular | !1st. Singular | ||
|I | |I | ||
|''' | |'''/ji/''' | ||
|me | |me | ||
|''' | |'''/jøn/''' | ||
|mine | |mine | ||
| | |'''/ɸi ji/''' | ||
|to me | |to me | ||
|'''ni | |'''/ni jøn/''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!2nd. Singular | !2nd. Singular | ||
|you | |you | ||
|''' | |'''/ɯ/''' | ||
|you | |you | ||
|'''gu''' | |'''/gu/''' | ||
|yours | |yours | ||
|''' | |'''/ɸi ɯ/''' | ||
|to you | |to you | ||
|'''ni gu''' | |'''/ni gu/''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!3rd. Singular | !3rd. Singular | ||
|he/she/it | |he/she/it | ||
|''' | |'''/də/''' | ||
|him/her/it | |him/her/it | ||
|'''daf''' | |'''/daf/''' | ||
|his/hers/its | |his/hers/its | ||
| | |'''/ɸi də/''' | ||
|to him/her/it | |to him/her/it | ||
|'''ni daf''' | |'''/ni daf/''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!1st. Plural | !1st. Plural | ||
|we | |we | ||
|'''ar''' | |'''/ar/''' | ||
|us | |us | ||
|'''ak''' | |'''/ak/''' | ||
|ours | |ours | ||
|'''fi ar''' | |'''/fi ar/''' | ||
|to us | |to us | ||
|'''ni ak''' | |'''/ni ak/''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!2nd. Plural | !2nd. Plural | ||
|you | |you | ||
|''' | |'''/tɯ/''' | ||
|you | |you | ||
|'''dut''' | |'''/dut/''' | ||
|yours | |yours | ||
|'''fi | |'''/fi tɯ/''' | ||
|to you | |to you | ||
|'''ni dut''' | |'''/ni dut/''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!3rd. Plural | !3rd. Plural | ||
|they | |they | ||
|''' | |'''/ɸaj/''' | ||
|them | |them | ||
|''' | |'''/θəʎ/''' | ||
|theirs | |theirs | ||
|'''fi | |'''/fi ɸaj/''' | ||
|to them | |to them | ||
|'''ni | |'''/ni θəʎ/''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
Kukʉp verbs don't use indicative mood (past, present, or future tense). Instead, those details are determined through context. | Kukʉp verbs don't use indicative mood (past, present, or future tense). Instead, those details are determined through context. | ||
* Perfect aspect -- uses the word '''' | * Perfect aspect -- uses the word ''''reɾetʉ'''' before the main verb -- ''"have studied"'' or reɾetʉ betʉb | ||
* Progressive aspect -- uses the word '''' | * Progressive aspect -- uses the word ''''tib'''' before the main verb -- ''"am studying"'' or tib betʉb | ||
* Imperative -- uses the word '''' ni' '''' before the main verb -- ''"study!" (as a command)'' or ni' | * Imperative -- uses the word '''' ni' '''' before the main verb -- ''"study!" (as a command)'' or ni' betʉb | ||
* Negation -- adds the suffix '''-(ʉ)ho''' /-(ʉ)hɒ/ to the verb -- ''"do not study"'' or | * Negation -- adds the suffix '''-(ʉ)ho''' /-(ʉ)hɒ/ to the verb -- ''"do not study"'' or betʉbʉho | ||
**Tense affixes come between the root verb and the progressive affix | **Tense affixes come between the root verb and the progressive affix | ||
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====Relative clause==== | ====Relative clause==== | ||
Relative pronouns are not used. Instead, a relative clause is used, preceded by gapping and use of a possessive particle to link the relative clause to the head noun. | Relative pronouns are not used. Instead, a relative clause is used, preceded by gapping and use of a possessive particle to link the relative clause to the head noun. | ||
*"The man [that I saw yesterday] went home." = "The [I saw yesterday]'s man went home." | *"The man [that I saw yesterday] went home." = "The [I saw yesterday]'s man went home." | ||
==Vocabulary== | ==Vocabulary== | ||
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{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! English !! Duozynis | ! English !! Duozynis | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Welcome | | Welcome || /'nibu 'zuja/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Hello (General greeting) | | Hello (General greeting) || /kak'nerig/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| How are you? | | How are you? || /tu 'dugutʃ ɾigɯ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Reply to "how are you?" | | Reply to "how are you?" || /ha'ʃɯfɯ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| What's your name? | | What's your name? || /tu i'tatuz yɾe'tʉ mɯ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| My name is ... || * || /’evɒ/ | | My name is ... || * || /’evɒ/ | ||
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| I don't understand || * || /’evɒ/ | | I don't understand || * || /’evɒ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Yes || | | Yes || /seːdi/ || ** | ||
|- | |- | ||
| No | | No || /jo/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Maybe | | Maybe || /kwi/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| I don't know || * || /’evɒ/ | | I don't know || * || /’evɒ/ | ||
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| My hovercraft is full of eels || * || /’evɒ/ | | My hovercraft is full of eels || * || /’evɒ/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
Numeral system is vigesimal with quinary auxiliary (base 20, with sub base 5) | |||
===See also=== | ===See also=== | ||