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Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions
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→The verb "to be" (jalle)
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====The verb "to be" (jalle)==== | ====The verb "to be" (jalle)==== | ||
The verb "to be" is suppletive as it uses various different stems (from Proto-Lahob ''* | The verb "to be" is suppletive as it uses various different stems (from Proto-Lahob ''*jaʕʕ'', ''*wi(w)ʕ'', ''*ri'', ''*nī'', and ''*gəna'') and irregularly — for example, the non-singular present forms are morphologically perfect. | ||
Note that the indicative present, unless evidentially marked, is rarely used, as the copula is usually dropped in many cases; when used with the meaning of "to have" (e.g. ''lili mæn tulūɂa yambras jali'' "I have six pears" (lit.: I <small>TOPIC</small> six pears are)) it is considered better not to drop it, but it is often done nevertheless in common speech. It is also kept when used with the meaning "there is...". | Note that the indicative present, unless evidentially marked, is rarely used, as the copula is usually dropped in many cases; when used with the meaning of "to have" (e.g. ''lili mæn tulūɂa yambras jali'' "I have six pears" (lit.: I <small>TOPIC</small> six pears are)) it is considered better not to drop it, but it is often done nevertheless in common speech. It is also kept when used with the meaning "there is...". | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=3 | Sing !! 1st | ! rowspan=3 | Sing !! 1st | ||
| ū || | | ū || nīvau || rem || jalṣyam || nayu | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2nd | ! 2nd | ||
| vei || | | vei || nīvei || res || jalṣyes || nayi | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3rd | ! 3rd | ||
| vi || | | vi || nīk || ri || jalṣya || nayē | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=3 | Dual !! 1st | ! rowspan=3 | Dual !! 1st | ||
| jella || | | jella || nīram || rira || jalṣyara || nīsme | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2nd | ! 2nd | ||
| jelli || | | jelli || nīres || reri || jalṣyari || nīdya | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3rd | ! 3rd | ||
| jali || | | jali || nīdat || ri || jalṣya || nīde | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=3 | Pl. !! 1st | ! rowspan=3 | Pl. !! 1st | ||
| jalim || | | jalim || nyābhe || rima || jalṣīma || nīmim | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2nd | ! 2nd | ||
| jalis || | | jalis || nyāṣe || riša || jalṣīsa || nīšin | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3rd | ! 3rd | ||
| jali || | | jali || nīkā || ri || jalṣya || nyāhai | ||
|} | |} | ||