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Dabsnbaks

Dabsnbaks Consonants
Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal /m̥/ m /n̥/ n
Other /ŋ̙̊'/ o
Click /kǀ/ c /ǁ/ l /qǂ/ q /k!/ j
Stop Eject. /p'/ p /t'/ t /k'/ k /ʔ/ '
Affric. Eject. /pf'/ pF /tθ'/ /ts'/ tS /tʃ'/~/ɕʼ/ tZ /kx'/ kX
Fric. /f/ f /θ/ þ /s/ s /ʃ/~/ɕ/ z /x/ x /h/ h
Trill* /ʙ̥/ v /r̝̊/ ð /r̥/ r /r̼/ w
Implos. /ɓ̥/ b /ɗ̥/ d /ɠ̊/ g
Dabsnbaks Affricates
Labial Dental Alveolar Post Velar
Labial /pf/ pf /pθ/ /ps/ ps /pʃ/ pz
Alveolar /tf/ tf /tθ/ /ts/ ts /tʃ/ tz
Velar /kf/ kf /kθ/ /ks/ ks /kʃ/ kz /kx/ kx
Dabsnbaks Vowels
Front Back
High /ɪ̥/ y /ʊ̥/ œ
Low /æ̥/ æ

A "syllable" consists of either

  • an ejective plus vowel
  • an ejective plus vowel plus (af)fricative
  • an ejective plus vowel plus (af)fricative with nasal release
  • a click/trill
  • a click/trill plus (af)fricative
  • a click/trill plus (af)fricative with nasal release



Yavona

Yavona Vowels
Oral Nasal
Front Back Front Back
High /i/ i /u/ u /ĩ/ ĩ /ũ/ ũ
Mid /e/ e /o/ o
Low /a/ a /ɑ̃/ ã


Yavona Consonants
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal /m/ m /n/ n /ŋ/ ŋ
Stop voiced /b/ b /d/ d (/dʒ/ dj) /g/ g
ejective /p'/ p /t'/ t /k'/ k /ʔ/ `
Fricative /ɸ~β/ f /s~z/ s /ʃ~ʒ/ z /h~ɦ/ h
Trill /r̝/ v /r/ r /ʀ/ x
Approx. /j/ j /w/ w
Lateral /l/ l (/ɺʲ/ lj) (/ɫʷ/ lw)

The syllable structure is maximally (N)C(S)V(L), where N is a pre-nasalizing vowel which is homorganic with the following consonant, S is a semi-vowel (either j or w), and L is a final liquid, limited to m, n, ŋ, l, r, h, w, or j. Mid-syllable semi-vowels trigger palatalization, which changes d's to j's (i.e. /dʒ/). The labialized rw is actually /ɻʷ/. The palatalized rj is a tap.

Possible initial consonant clusters are: mb, nd, ŋg, mbw, ndw, ŋgw, mbj, ndj, ŋgj, bw, dw, gw, bj, dj, gj, hw, hj, ml, lj, lw, rj, rw, fw, sw, zw, fj, mf, ms, mz, mfw, msw, mzw, and mfj.

Orthography

Yavona has a unique writing, which has been called featural. m is a single hump. n is a box. ŋ is a inverse-hump, a U. r is like a C, while l is the mirror image. A voiced stop is made with a horizontal strike through. Prenasalization is a diaeresis above. Labialvelarization is a ring in the middle or below. Palatalization is a vertical strike through. Ejectives are a dot below. Fricatives double up the nasal symbol. An X is the glottal stop. Double r is the Czech r. Double l is the French r.

Word-medially and initially in West-African loan words only, there is the /gb/ letter, which looks rather like and asterisks. It cannot be prenasalized, labiovelarized, palatalized, or fricitivized.

a is a triangle. u is a 7, o is one upside down. i is the top-left corner shape, while e is that upside down. Nasal vowels are diaeresis. Subscripts indicate coda consonants/semi-vowels.