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Proto-Coelo-Caric: Difference between revisions

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Proto-Coelo-Caric (view source)

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(Created page with "The '''Proto-Coelo-Caric language''' is the reconstructed ancestor of the Coelo-Caric languages, Silōs and Carichendan. It would have descended from the Proto-Sinos-Koelic la...")
 
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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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|Denasalization of PCC */ʼn/ ([n̪], an interdental nasal stop):
|'''Denasalization of PCC */ʼn/''' ([n̪], an interdental nasal stop):
* Word-initially, it became a simple fricative — */ʼn/ > */ð/ — *ʼnakis "strength" > *ðakis > ''fais''
* Word-initially, it became a simple fricative — */ʼn/ > */ð/ — *ʼnakis "strength" > *ðakis > ''fais''
* Intervocalically, it dissimilated into a nasal cluster — */ʼn/ > */mð/ — *teʼni "name" > *temði > ''tevi''
* Intervocalically, it dissimilated into a nasal cluster — */ʼn/ > */mð/ — *teʼni "name" > *temði > ''tevi''
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*It is not certain whether this change or the precursors to such a change had already occurred in Proto-Coelo-Caric, as a similar change is observed in Pre-Carichendan.
*It is not certain whether this change or the precursors to such a change had already occurred in Proto-Coelo-Caric, as a similar change is observed in Pre-Carichendan.
|-
|-
|'''[[Epenthesis]] of {{PIE|/u/}}''' before the syllabic [[sonorants]]:
|'''Merging of PCC */x/, */g/, */č/''' into a new consonant, */ǯ/ [d͡ʒ] — *ča čenta "home world" > *ǯaǯenta > ''zazelta'' "Earth, the world"; *uxa "blue" > *uǯa > ''zva''
* {{PIE|/m̥/}} > {{PIE|/um/}} — {{PIE|*ḱm̥tóm}} "hundred" > {{PIE|*kumtóm}} > {{PIE|*hundą}}
* {{PIE|/n̥/}} > {{PIE|/un/}} — {{PIE|*n̥tér}} "inside" > {{PIE|*untér}} > {{PIE|*under}} "among"
* {{PIE|/l̥/}} > {{PIE|/ul/}} — {{PIE|*wĺ̥kʷos}} "wolf" > {{PIE|*wúlkʷos}} > {{PIE|*wulfaz}}
* {{PIE|/r̥/}} > {{PIE|/ur/}} — {{PIE|*wŕ̥mis}} "worm" > {{PIE|*wurmis}} > {{PIE|*wurmiz}}
|-
|-
|'''An epenthetic {{PIE|/s/}}''' was inserted already in PIE after dental consonants when followed by a suffix beginning with a dental.
|'''*/ŋ/ > */ɴ/''' — *ŋa "to have" > *ɴa > ''a''
*This sequence now becomes: {{PIE|/TsT/}} > {{PIE|/ts/}} > {{PIE|/ss/}} — {{nowrap|{{PIE|*wid-tós}} "known" (pronounced {{PIE|*widstos}}) > {{PIE|*witstós}} > {{PIE|*wissós}} > {{PIE|*wissaz}} "certain"}}
*A single example exists where {{PIE|/tt/}} was word-internal, in which case it remained (even after [[Grimm's law]] below)— {{nowrap|{{PIE|*atta}} "dad" > {{PIE|*attô}}}}
|-
|-
|'''[[Geminate]] consonants are shortened''' after a consonant or a long vowel — {{nowrap|{{PIE|*káyd-tis}} "act of calling" (pronounced {{PIE|*káydstis}}) > {{PIE|*káyssis}} > {{PIE|*káysis}} > {{PIE|*haisiz}} "command"}}
|'''Strengthening of PCC voiceless fricatives''' into plosives:
* */ɸ/ > */p/ — *teɸ "two" > ''tep''
**Thanks to phonotactics, this change triggered a few changes in adjacent consonants, including very early instances of liquid:
** Word-initially, */ɸn/ > */pl/ — *ɸnɔl "date" > *plɔl > '''''Plōr'''manzōmistufet'' "The Day of Five"
** Intervocalically, */ɸn/ > */p/ — *teɸnɔe "speech, language" > *tepɔe > ''tepōi'' "language"
* */þ/ > */t/ — *-þa "possession marker" > ''-ta''
|-
|-
|'''Word-final long vowels are lengthened''' to "overlong" vowels — {{PIE|*séh₁mō}} "seeds" > {{PIE|*séh₁mô}} > {{PIE|*sēmô}}
|'''Lenition of the velar plosive */k/''' to a new consonant, */x/ [x] (probably [h] in some environments) — *ʼnakis "strength" > *ðaxis > ''fais''
|-
|'''Hiatus epenthesis'''. The epentheme is */n/ if at least one of the vowels is */a/, unless there is a neighboring */n/ already present, in which case it is instead */j/. Otherwise, a new consonant, */w/, breaks the hiatus.
|-
|-
|'''Loss of [[laryngeal]]s''', phonemicising the [[allophone]]s of {{PIE|/e/}}:
|'''Loss of [[laryngeal]]s''', phonemicising the [[allophone]]s of {{PIE|/e/}}:
Luzset Zari
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