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Luzset Zari (talk | contribs) |
Luzset Zari (talk | contribs) |
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|Merging of | |'''Merging of non-high back vowels''', */ɔ/, */a/ > */a/ — *nɔam "we (inclusive or dual)" > *naam > ''nami'' "we" | ||
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|''' | |'''Coelo-Caric labial change''': Merger of the labial stops. | ||
* | * */b/, */m/ > */m/ — *ba "four" > ''mala''; *čtɔb tjɔya "dull sun(light)" > *čtamtjaya > ''cheundala'' "yellow"; *ye mee "from" > *ye-mej > ''yamai''; *hamen "five" > *hamex > ''khamish'' | ||
* | *This change is prevented where there is adjacent palatalization: | ||
* | * */bi/ — *tyabi lale "dance" > ''jabilale'' | ||
* | * */by/ — *ye byi sen "nine, (lit.) lacking one from ten" > *ye-byi > ''yabi'' "nine" | ||
* */bj/ — *bene "large" > *bjene > ''byane'' "big" | |||
|- | |- | ||
|''' | |'''Reduction of open diphthongs: */ae/ > */a/; */ea/ > */a/''' — *teɸnɔe "speech, language" > *teɸnae > *teɸna > ''dyela'' "to say"; *leɔ "that" > *lea > la "that"; *leɔlen "those" > *lealen > ''lálen'' | ||
* | |||
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|''' | |'''Stress accent on the vowel preceding the last consonant or hiatus in a word'''. | ||
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|'''Liquid''': in relatively unpredictable environments, the changes */n/ to */l/ and */l/ to */r/ occur, which may or may not occur in feeding order — *teɸnɔe "speech, language" > *tjena > ''dyela'' "to say" | |||
*It is expected that this sound change operated for at least a moderate span of time. | |||
|- | |||
|'''Denasalization of PCC */ʼn/''' ([n̪], an interdental nasal stop): | |||
* Word-initially, it became a simple fricative — */ʼn/ > */ð/ — *ʼnakis "strength" > *ðakis > ''dakish'' | |||
* Intervocalically, it dissimilated into a nasal cluster — */ʼn/ > */mð/ (possibly */nð/) — *teʼni "name" > *temði > ''sandi'' | |||
* Word-finally, it merged with */m/ | |||
*It is not certain whether this change or the precursors to such a change had already occurred in Proto-Coelo-Caric, as a similar change is observed in Pre-Silōs. | |||
|- | |- | ||
|'''Word-final long vowels are lengthened''' to "overlong" vowels — {{PIE|*séh₁mō}} "seeds" > {{PIE|*séh₁mô}} > {{PIE|*sēmô}} | |'''Word-final long vowels are lengthened''' to "overlong" vowels — {{PIE|*séh₁mō}} "seeds" > {{PIE|*séh₁mô}} > {{PIE|*sēmô}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|''' | |'''First palatalization''': | ||
* | * The sequence */te/ merges to */se/ — *teɸ "two" > *seɸ > *saj > ''shai'' (from conflation with Hebrew and earlier *sai) | ||
* | * The sequences */it/ and */is/ merge to */ix/ — *ʼntitm inah "to work" > *ðtitminah > *ðtixminah > ''teshminá'' | ||
** | * An */e/ undergoes palatal diphthongization between a non-dorsal plosive and */n/: | ||
** | ** */b(C)e(C)n/ > */b(C)je(C)n/ — *bene "large" > *bjene > ''byane'' "big" | ||
** | ** */t(C)e(C)n/ > */d(C)je(C)n/ — *teɸnɔe "speech, language" > *teɸna > *djejna > ''dyela'' "to say" | ||
* | ** Remaining instances of */tj/ become */dj/ — *tjɔya "dull" > *tjaya > *djaya > ''dyora'' | ||
** | ** Resulting triphthongs are simplified: | ||
* | ** */t(C)ejn/ */d(C)jejn/ > */d(C)jen/ — *teɸnɔe "speech, language" > *djejna > *djena > ''dyela'' "to say" | ||
* | *A single example exists where */b/ was preserved even without palatalization — *atta}} "dad" > {{PIE|*attô}}}} | ||
|- | |||
|'''Nasal harmony''': A plosive at the end of a consonant cluster and with a neighboring nasal stop becomes a nasal stop — *(C)CPVN > *(C)CNVN, where C is any consonant, V is any vowel, P is any plosive, and N is any nasal consonant — *čtɔb tjɔya "dull sun(light)" > *čtamdjaya > *čnamdjaya > ''cheundala'' "yellow" | |||
|- | |||
|'''Appearance of the closed vowel''', phonemicizing the reduced, nasal allophone */ɵ/ of */a/ (<*/a/, */ɔ/) between nasal consonants — *čtɔb tjɔya "dull sun(light)" > *čnamdjaya > *čnɵmdjaya > ''cheundala'' "yellow" | |||
* The phonemicization of the closed vowel occasionally removed minimal contrast previously supported only by the nasal triggers, allowing them to become deleted — *čtɔb tjɔya "dull sun(light)" > *čnɵmdjaya > *čɵmdjaya > ''cheundala'' "yellow" | |||
|- | |- | ||
|''' | |'''*/ð/ > */d/''' — *ʼnakis "strength" > *ðakix > *dakix > ''dakish'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|''' | |'''*/md/ > */nd/''' — *teʼni "name" > *semdi > ''sandi'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|''' | |'''*/kn/ > */ŋn/''' — *tsaknali "to know" > *tsaŋnali > ''tsangnali'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|''' | |'''*/nk/ > */ŋg/''' — *sanka let "to buy" > *saŋgalet > ''sangarat'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
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