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Volapűük nulíik: Difference between revisions
→Verbs
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(→Verbs) |
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''Slot IV'' | ''Slot IV'' | ||
''Slot V'' | ''Slot V'' | ||
This category contains the main verb. The slot can be filled with simple verb stems, such as ''fitön'' 'to eat', ''golön'' 'to go', ''penön'' 'to write' or derived verb stems, such as ''nüdugön'' 'to introduce', ''ledanön'' 'to thank very much'. The stem may be followed by a suffix that indicates which object a noun will have. These suffixes apply only to verb stems who may appear on their own, with a dative or with an accusative object or with both. Nouns that are suffixed with a co-verb suffix will not receive the accusative case suffix as the noun is automatically the accusative object. They may however receive a accusative and dative marking suffix. There are three suffixes: | |||
{| class =bluetable lightbluebg" | |||
!suffix !! cases !! example !! translation | |||
|- | |||
|-Ø || nominative || penáb. || I write. | |||
|- | |||
||-k / -g || accusative/genitive || pengábin vödemí. || I write a text. | |||
|- | |||
||-k / -g || accusative/genitive || fitkábin mití. || I eat the meat. | |||
|- | |||
||-p / -b || dative || penbábel. || I write you. | |||
|- | |||
||-p / -b || dative || givbábepš. || I give them. | |||
|- | |||
||-f / -v || accusative/genitive + dative || Givvábinsel bukís. || I give you the books. | |||
|- | |||
||-f / -v || accusative/genitive + dative || Kanitfúbinert Volapükäná hümí. || I will have sung the hymn of Volapükȁän for you [formal] | |||
|} | |||
''Slot VI'' | |||
This slot is reserved for the tense marker and the habitual marker. The vowel in this slot receives the main stress of the verb and is therfore and important unit in every verbal structure. Since this slot has to be filled always, there is actuall no real tenseless verbal structure. However, the present habitual / generic marker serves as an aorist which is also used in laws and other time independent texts and rules. | This slot is reserved for the tense marker and the habitual marker. The vowel in this slot receives the main stress of the verb and is therfore and important unit in every verbal structure. Since this slot has to be filled always, there is actuall no real tenseless verbal structure. However, the present habitual / generic marker serves as an aorist which is also used in laws and other time independent texts and rules. | ||
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|| -u- || future perfect || events that will be finished in the past. || -uu- | || -u- || future perfect || events that will be finished in the past. || -uu- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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''Slot XI'' | |||
''Slot | |||
''Slot XII'' | |||