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Volapűük nulíik: Difference between revisions
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||sö- || <söt- || should || Sözagválineb konotatí faWolapüg nulikú. 'You should tell me this story in Volapȕük nulíik.' | ||sö- || <söt- || should || Sözagválineb konotatí faWolapüg nulikú. 'You should tell me this story in Volapȕük nulíik.' | ||
|- | |- | ||
||pli- || <plid- || like || Plizagvábinelš konotís faWolapüg nulikú. | ||pli- || <plid- || like || Plizagvábinelš konotís faWolapüg nulikú. 'I like to tell you stories in Volapȕük nulíik.' | ||
|- | |||
||ste- || <steif- || to try || Stennisullivéb, dennisullivébab. 'I tried to reach the island but I failed.' | |||
|- | |||
||de- || <def- || to fail || Dezuemgébin vödemíle. 'I failed to understand your text [the one you sent me].' | |||
|- | |||
||pri- || <prim- || to start || Prillärngábin Volapük nulikí. 'I start learning Volapȕük nulíik.' | |||
|- | |||
||fi- || <fin- || to end || Firreedgébinfò bukakí. 'I have finally reading this book.' | |||
|- | |||
||ko- || <komand- || to recomend || korreedvábinel buketí. 'I recommend you reading this book.' | |||
|} | |} | ||
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''Slot IV'' | ''Slot IV'' | ||
This category encompasses suffixes that express the way in which someone has received an information, e. g. via hearing, reading, listening, seeing, feeling, knowing etc. The subject of the main verb is put in the accusative. Therefore, these suffixes automatically activate the -k/-g or -f/-v suffix [accusative or accusative-dative], since the suffix requires an accusative object. A noun that is an object to the main verb will be placed as a seperate word. | |||
{| class = "bluetable lightbluebg" | |||
! prefix !! etymology !! meaning !! example | |||
| li- || lil- || to hear || Lillominkekábimnäät. 'I heard him coming home last night. | |||
|- | |||
|| lo- || log- || to see || Lodiffébimem hipulí moní man bäldiké. 'I saw the boy stealing money from the old man.' | |||
|- | |||
|| se- || sen- || to sense, to feel || Sedžemiglekȁfim lȁäd bleeníik man yunikí. 'The old lady sensed the young man entering the room.' | |||
|- | |||
|| nu- || nol- || to know [to know from knowledge] || Nuđeadgábin Napoleoní sulLebakó! 'I know that Napoleon died on Elba! | |||
|- | |||
|| ti- || tik- || to think [to suppose] || Tidiffébimem hipulakí moní man bäldiké. 'I think this boy stole has stolen the money from the old man.' | |||
|- | |||
|| re- || read- || to read || Ressevgábim Sherlock Holmesí Doyleá bukís. I know Sherlock Holmes from reading Doyle's books. | |||
|} | |||
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''Slot V'' | ''Slot V'' | ||
This category contains the main verb. The slot can be filled with simple verb stems, such as ''fitön'' 'to eat', ''golön'' 'to go', ''penön'' 'to write' or derived verb stems, such as ''nüdugön'' 'to introduce', ''ledanön'' 'to thank very much'. The stem may be followed by a suffix that indicates which object a noun will have. These suffixes apply only to verb stems who may appear on their own, with a dative or with an accusative object or with both. Nouns that are suffixed with a co-verb suffix will not receive the accusative case suffix as the noun is automatically the accusative object. They may however receive a accusative and dative marking suffix. There are three suffixes: | This category contains the main verb. The slot can be filled with simple verb stems, such as ''fitön'' 'to eat', ''golön'' 'to go', ''penön'' 'to write' or derived verb stems, such as ''nüdugön'' 'to introduce', ''ledanön'' 'to thank very much'. The stem may be followed by a suffix that indicates which object a noun will have. These suffixes apply only to verb stems who may appear on their own, with a dative or with an accusative object or with both. Nouns that are suffixed with a co-verb suffix will not receive the accusative case suffix as the noun is automatically the accusative object. They may however receive a accusative and dative marking suffix. The [e] is inserted if there is a consonant cluster before the suffix. There are three suffixes: | ||
{| class =bluetable lightbluebg" | {| class =bluetable lightbluebg" | ||
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|-Ø || nominative || penáb. || I write. | |-Ø || nominative || penáb. || I write. | ||
|- | |- | ||
||-k / -g || accusative/genitive || pengábin vödemí. || I write a text. | ||-[e]k / -[e]g || accusative/genitive || pengábin vödemí. || I write a text. | ||
|- | |- | ||
||-k / -g || accusative/genitive || fitkábin mití. || I eat the meat. | ||-[e]k / -[e]g || accusative/genitive || fitkábin mití. || I eat the meat. | ||
|- | |- | ||
||-p / -b || dative || penbábel. || I write you. | ||-[e]p / -[e]b || dative || penbábel. || I write you. | ||
|- | |- | ||
||-p / -b || dative || givbábepš. || I give them. | ||-[e]p / -[e]b || dative || givbábepš. || I give them. | ||
|- | |- | ||
||-f / -v || accusative/genitive + dative || Givvábinsel bukís. || I give you the books. | ||-[e]f / -[e]v || accusative/genitive + dative || Givvábinsel bukís. || I give you the books. | ||
|- | |- | ||
||-f / -v || accusative/genitive + dative || Kanitfúbinert Volapükäná hümí. || I will have sung the hymn of Volapükȁän for you [formal] | ||-[e]f / -[e]v || accusative/genitive + dative || Kanitfúbinert Volapükäná hümí. || I will have sung the hymn of Volapükȁän for you [formal] | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|-Cind || *-rind < *drinön || to drink || Vattindáb niwäreté. vat-TIND-á-b 'I drink water out of a glass.' | |-Cind || *-rind < *drinön || to drink || Vattindáb niwäreté. vat-TIND-á-b 'I drink water out of a glass.' | ||
|- | |||
||-Cid || *fidön || to eat || Nommittidábnèe. no-mit-TID-á-b-nèe 'I never eat meat.' | |||
|- | |- | ||
||-Cet || *getön || to receive || Florretáabeldȍl. flor-RET-á-b-e-l-dȍl 'I receive flowers from you every day.' | ||-Cet || *getön || to receive || Florretáabeldȍl. flor-RET-á-b-e-l-dȍl 'I receive flowers from you every day.' | ||
|- | |- | ||
||- | ||-Civ || *givön || to give || Bukkivbábel. Buk-KIV-á-b-e-l. 'I give you the book.' | ||
|- | |||
||-Civ || *rivön || to reach || Nisulliváb. nisul-LIV-á-b 'I reach the island.' | |||
|- | |- | ||
||-Cog || *logön || to see || Dogallogáboknùu. dog-al-LOG-á-b-o-k-nùu 'I am seeing your dog here. | ||-Cog || *logön || to see || Dogallogáboknùu. dog-al-LOG-á-b-o-k-nùu 'I am seeing your dog here. | ||