Proto-Dalian: Difference between revisions
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| Line 150: | Line 150: | ||
==Writing system== | ==Writing system== | ||
{{main|Dalian runes}} | {{main|Dalian runes}} | ||
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center; border:none;" | |||
|+Consonants | |||
|style="background-color:#fff; border:none;" colspan=2| | |||
!colspan=2|Labial | |||
!colspan=2|Alveolar | |||
!colspan=2|Back | |||
|- | |||
|style="background-color:#fff; border:none;" colspan=2| | |||
!width=40px|<small>-v</small> | |||
!width=40px|<small>+v</small> | |||
!width=40px|<small>-v</small> | |||
!width=40px|<small>+v</small> | |||
!width=40px|<small>-v</small> | |||
!width=40px|<small>+v</small> | |||
|- | |||
!colspan=2| Nasal | |||
| || ᚾ || || ᛁ || || ᛅ | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan=3| Stop | |||
! <small>Plain</small> | |||
| ᚫ || ᛚ || ᚠ || ᚴ || ᚻ || ᚺ | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Prenasalised</small> | |||
| ᚾᚫ || ᚾᛚ || ᛁᚠ || ᛁᚴ || ᛅᚻ || ᛅᚺ | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Aspirated</small> | |||
| ᛚ᛬ || ᛚ᛫ || ᚴ᛬ || ᚴ᛫ || ᚺ᛬ || ᚺ᛫ | |||
|- | |||
!colspan=2| Fricative | |||
| ᚭ || ᚿ || ᚥ || ᚢ || ᛬ || ᛫ | |||
|- | |||
!colspan=2| Liquid | |||
| || || ᛒ ᛣ || ᚹ ᛉ || || | |||
|} | |||
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center; border:none;" | |||
|+Vowels | |||
!a | |||
!aː | |||
!e | |||
!eː | |||
!i | |||
!iː | |||
!o | |||
!oː | |||
!u | |||
!uː | |||
|- | |||
|ᛖ | |||
|ᛗ | |||
|ᛋ | |||
|ᛋᛌ | |||
|ᛇ | |||
|ᛇᛌ | |||
|ᛕ | |||
|ᛕᛌ | |||
|ᚷ | |||
|ᚸ | |||
|} | |||
==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||
Revision as of 05:48, 1 June 2019
| Proto-Dalian | |
|---|---|
| Created by | – |
| Ethnicity | Dalic peoples |
| Era | 5,000 – 3,000 years ago |
Dalic
| |
Proto-Dalian was a language spoken 5000 years ago, being the common ancestor of the Dalic languages, including Andalian.
History
Phonology
Phonemes
| Labial | Alveolar | Back | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -v | +v | -v | +v | -v | +v | ||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||
| Stop | Plain | p | b | t | d | k | g |
| Prenasalised | mp | mb | nt | nd | ŋk | ŋg | |
| Aspirated | pʰ | bʰ | tʰ | dʰ | kʰ | gʰ | |
| Fricative | f | v | s | z | h₁ | h₂ | |
| Liquid | ɬ r̥ | l r | |||||
Vowels: Proto-Dalian has a classic 5 vowel system (a, e, i, o, u) with a length distinction.
Syllables and stress
Romanisation
Syntax
Phrasal marker and clitics
Phrase structure
Morphology
Nouns
Pronouns
Determiners
Proto-Dalian has a definite article which precedes the noun:
| Animate | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| nom | to | ti | tis |
| acc | no | ni | nis |
| dat / all | do | di | dis |
| gen / abl | o | i | is |
| loc / ptv | so | si | sis |
| ins | ro | ri | ris |
| Inanimate | Generic | Singulative |
|---|---|---|
| nom | sa | san |
| acc | ta | tan |
| dat / all | ga | gan |
| gen / abl | va | van |
| loc / ptv | na | nan |
| ins | ra | ran |
Proto-Dalian does not have an indefinite article.
Verbs
Adjectives
Adverbs
Writing system
Main article: Dalian runes
| Labial | Alveolar | Back | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -v | +v | -v | +v | -v | +v | ||
| Nasal | ᚾ | ᛁ | ᛅ | ||||
| Stop | Plain | ᚫ | ᛚ | ᚠ | ᚴ | ᚻ | ᚺ |
| Prenasalised | ᚾᚫ | ᚾᛚ | ᛁᚠ | ᛁᚴ | ᛅᚻ | ᛅᚺ | |
| Aspirated | ᛚ᛬ | ᛚ᛫ | ᚴ᛬ | ᚴ᛫ | ᚺ᛬ | ᚺ᛫ | |
| Fricative | ᚭ | ᚿ | ᚥ | ᚢ | ᛬ | ᛫ | |
| Liquid | ᛒ ᛣ | ᚹ ᛉ | |||||
| a | aː | e | eː | i | iː | o | oː | u | uː |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ᛖ | ᛗ | ᛋ | ᛋᛌ | ᛇ | ᛇᛌ | ᛕ | ᛕᛌ | ᚷ | ᚸ |