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Scellan: Difference between revisions
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*basic geometry and number theory | *basic geometry and number theory | ||
*medicine | *medicine | ||
===Derivational morphology=== | |||
Native noun-noun compounds are head-final; however, head-initial "noun noun" juxtaposition is preferred. "Noun verb" juxtaposition is also common. | |||
The table below lists selected derivational suffixes. | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"| | |||
! colspan="4"|From... | |||
|- | |||
! Noun | |||
! Verb | |||
! Adjective | |||
! Adverb | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="4"|To... | |||
! Noun | |||
| ''-wñ'' (agentive)<br/>''-os'' (instrument)<br/>''-id'' (diminutive)<br/>''-óm'' (augmentative; Tseer)<br/>''-emb'' (female suffix)<br/>''ni-'' (non-)<br/>''ir-'' (un-)<br/>''bah-'' (sub-)<br/>''ñal-'' 'before'<br/>''tynd-'' 'after'<br/>''-arn'' (collective) | |||
| ''-ah'' (verbal noun)<br/>''-ev'' (verbal noun)<br/>''-wñ'' (agentive)<br/>''-os'' (instrument) | |||
| ''-vih'' (abstract noun)<br/>''hal-''(abstract noun)<br/>''-u'' (abstract noun)<br/>''-igi'' (one characterized by X) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! Verb | |||
| ''so-'' (verbing nouns) | |||
| ''ar-'' (applicative)<br/>''as-'' (telic)<br/>''dy-'' (in)<br/>''ee-'' (co-, with)<br/>''fra-'' or ''fr-'' (causative)<br/>''fw-'' (back, re-)<br/>''gol-'' (up)<br/>''oc-'' (from, out)<br/>''ro-'' (down)<br/>''so-'' (towards)<br/>''sen-'' (well)<br/>''mi-'' (mis-)<br/>''go-'' (de-, dis-) | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! Adjective | |||
| ''-ahd''<br/>''-on''<br/>''-ib''<br/>''-ín'' (Netagin)<br/>''-ol'' (Clofabic)<br/>''-flen'' | |||
| ''-i''<br/>''-in'' (-ee)<br/>''-go,'' (-able, but ergative) | |||
| ''di-'' (non-)<br/>''er-'' (un-) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! Adverb | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| - | |||
|} | |||
====Nouns==== | |||
*''-i'' is a frozen diminutive suffix. | |||
*''-ið'' is a diminutive suffix but is often used discursively, somewhat like "a nice X". | |||
*''-ló'' is a Windermere augmentative suffix. | |||
*''-wr'' is a native Talmic augmentative suffix. | |||
*''mi-'' is used in some nouns where it is a prefix meaning 'bad', 'mis-' or sometimes 'pseudo-'. | |||
*''hylłiar-'' is a prefix meaning 'study of X'. Stress falls on the word which the prefix attaches to. | |||
**''hylłiarclíam'' means 'number theory'. | |||
*''-óm'' is a noun suffix of unclear meaning, historically an augmentative. | |||
*''-wñ'' is a suffix meaning "a person associated with [noun] or who does [verb]" (unknown origin). | |||
**''birítswñ'' means 'speaker (a person who speaks)', from ''biríts'' 'to speak; speech'. | |||
**''trovihwñ'' means 'vegetarian' (from ''trovih'' 'vegetarianism'). | |||
**''sbwiþwñ'' means '<i>sbwiþ</i> player'. (A ''sbwiþ'' is a plucked string instrument with 18-22 sympathetic strings.) | |||
*''nw-'' is a Windermere agentive suffix. | |||
*''-u'' (collective) is a common native affix used to form abstract nouns. | |||
*''-lan'' is another abstract noun suffix. | |||
*''-ad'' is a common noun suffix, from Thensarian ''-sdos''. | |||
*''peñ-'' = 'X-to-be'; from Windermere future tense particle ''peng'' | |||
====Phrasal nouns==== | |||
Skellan also has phrasal nouns: these are noun-preposition combinations that are stressed on the preposition. | |||
*beð ry (part of) = component | |||
*hmawg dy (word at) = subject of the conversation | |||
*hmawg lly (word for) = support, endorsememt | |||
====Verbs==== | |||
Old Skellan prefixes remain productive in Modern Skellan. | |||
*''fr(a)-'' (usually pronounced /frə-/) was formerly only found in some frozen "causative" verbs but is gaining productivity in modern Skellan. | |||
*''mi-'' is an affix similar to 'mis-, mal-' in English, also sometimes 'pseudo-'. | |||
*''ru-'' is a Clofabic affix meaning 'too much, over-'. | |||
====Phrasal verbs==== | |||
Skellan has phrasal verbs like English does. | |||
====Adjectives==== | |||
*''-mell'' = '-ful', '-some' (lit. 'rich') | |||
*''er-'' is a negating suffix of Talmic origin; it is most commonly used with Talmic adjectives. | |||
*''-flen'' /-fʟɛn/ is an adjectival suffix with the same meaning as Korean ''-tapta'' and Japanese ''-rashii'': it means 'like an X is supposed to be' or 'like a typical X'. The suffix comes from Old Skellan compound adjectives of the form ''X-fheileán'' (from ''feil'' 'name' + ''-án'' adjectivizer; i.e. 'like the name X' or 'worthy of the name X'). Some words with the suffix have undergone semantic shifts, e.g. carflen /ˈkʰarfʟɛn/ 'humane, moral, ethical' (from Old Skellan car "human" + -flen). | |||
*''-jon'' is similar to '-able', but it is ergative in that it can also be used for "able to [intransitive verb]". ex. ''feñgjon'' 'mortal, human (flowery)' < ''feñg'' 'die'. | |||
*''jy-'' (''jyn-'' before C) is a [[Windermere]] adjectival suffix. | |||
*''-ol'' /-ɔ̃/ is an adjectival suffix of Talmic origin. | |||
*''-on'' is a Talmic adjectival suffix, from Old Skellan -án (itself from Thensarian ''-aħnam'', Proto-Talmic ''*-aʁnəm''). | |||
*''-vað'' '-like' is another Talmic adjectival suffix. | |||
*''-wd'' = from Tigol ''-óid'' | |||
*''-wid'' = from Tigol ''-óid'' via Windermere ''-oyd'' | |||
*''mee-'' = multi- | |||
*''do-'' = uni-, mono- | |||
===Place name morphemes=== | ===Place name morphemes=== | ||