798
edits
Ahāmatya: Difference between revisions
→Tense
Deltaquebec (talk | contribs) (→Tense) |
Deltaquebec (talk | contribs) (→Tense) |
||
| Line 728: | Line 728: | ||
===Tense=== | ===Tense=== | ||
'''Ahāmatya''' distinguishes between two aspects: the '''Imperfective''' aspect indicates a continuous action; the '''Perfect''' aspect indicates a completed action prior to some event in context. | '''Ahāmatya''' distinguishes between two aspects: the '''Imperfective''' aspect indicates a continuous action, and is unmarked, or marked by '''-∅-'''; the '''Perfect''' aspect indicates a completed action prior to some event in context, and is marked by '''augmenting''' the root vowel of the verb. | ||
Time is distinguished between '''Past''' time, indicating actions in the past, and '''Non-Past''' time indicating | Time is distinguished between '''Past''' time, marked by '''-n-''' indicating actions in the past, and '''Non-Past''' time, marked by '''-t-''', indicating actions not in the past. Within '''Non-Past''' time are present and future times, where the future is identical to the present with the addition of an explicit prefix '''le-''', itself a cliticized form of an independent word. Aspect and time combine to yield tense. | ||
* The '''Imperfective Past Tense''' indicates an ongoing or incomplete action in the past time. It is the composition of imperfective aspect and past time. | * The '''Imperfective Past Tense''' indicates an ongoing or incomplete action in the past time. It is the composition of imperfective aspect and past time. | ||
| Line 736: | Line 736: | ||
* The '''Imperfective Non-Past Present Tense''' indicates an ongoing action in the non-past present time. It is the composition of imperfective aspect and non-past time. | * The '''Imperfective Non-Past Present Tense''' indicates an ongoing action in the non-past present time. It is the composition of imperfective aspect and non-past time. | ||
* The '''Imperfective Non-Past Future Tense''' indicates an ongoing action in the non-past future time. It is the composition of imperfective aspect | * The '''Imperfective Non-Past Future Tense''' indicates an ongoing action in the non-past future time. It is the composition of imperfective aspect and non-past time. | ||
* The '''Perfect Past Tense''' indicates an action which was completed prior to another completed action. It is the composition of perfect aspect and past time. | * The '''Perfect Past Tense''' indicates an action which was completed prior to another completed action. It is the composition of perfect aspect and past time. | ||
| Line 742: | Line 742: | ||
* The '''Perfect Non-Past Present Tense''' indicates an action which was completed prior to another action in the present time. It is the composition of perfect aspect and non-past time. | * The '''Perfect Non-Past Present Tense''' indicates an action which was completed prior to another action in the present time. It is the composition of perfect aspect and non-past time. | ||
* The '''Perfect Non-Past Future Tense''' indicates an action which was completed prior to another action in the future time. It is the composition of perfect aspect | * The '''Perfect Non-Past Future Tense''' indicates an action which was completed prior to another action in the future time. It is the composition of perfect aspect and non-past time. | ||
{| class="wikitable" class="bluetable lightbluebg" | {| class="wikitable" class="bluetable lightbluebg" | ||
|+''' | |+'''Tense Construction in Ahāmatya, mat- "to do"''' | ||
! rowspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | | ! rowspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | | ||
! rowspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Past Time | ! rowspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Past Time | ||
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Non-Past Time | ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Non-Past Time | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Present Time | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Present Time | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Future Time | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Future Time | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Imperfective Aspect | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Imperfective Aspect | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | mat'''n-''' → ma'''n'''d- | | style="text-align: center;" | ''mat'''''n-''' → ''ma'''''n'''''d-'' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | mat'''t-''' | | style="text-align: center;" | ''mat'''''t-''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | '''le-'''mat'''t-''' | | style="text-align: center;" | '''le-'''''mat'''''t-''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Perfect Aspect | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Perfect Aspect | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | '''a'''mat'''n-''' → '''a'''ma'''n'''d- | | style="text-align: center;" | '''a'''''mat'''''n-''' → '''a'''''ma'''''n'''''d-'' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | '''a'''mat'''t-''' | | style="text-align: center;" | '''a'''''mat'''''t-''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | '''le-'''''' | | style="text-align: center;" | '''le-a'''''mat'''''t-''' | ||
|} | |} | ||