Naeng/Classical: Difference between revisions

m
mNo edit summary
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
Line 455: Line 455:


====Tense====
====Tense====
Verbs have the following principal parts: present, imperfect, perfect, subjunctive/imperative and verbal noun, which are marked with reduplication, ablaut, and/or prefixes.  
Verbs have the following principal parts: present, imperfect, perfect, subjunctive/imperative and verbal noun, which are marked with reduplication, ablaut, and/or prefixes.


The exact paradigm depends on the verb. For stative verbs like ''plang'' 'to stand', present and perfect forms are identical, and the preterite form often denotes dynamic change or views it as a completed action.
*Present: present or present progressive
*Imperfect: Like the Spanish imperfect; sometimes an English pluperfect
*Perfect: Past completed action
*Future/Subjunctive I: future imperfective
*Future/Subjunctive II: future perfective
*Imperative: Present or Subjunctive II
 
The exact paradigm depends on the verb. For stative verbs like ''plang'' 'to stand', present and perfect forms are identical.


Example:
Example:
*Present = Perfect: ''plang'' 'stands; (has) stood'; feminine ''uplang''
*Present = Perfect: ''plang'' 'stands; (has) stood'; feminine ''uplang''
*Imperfect: ''plăplang'' 'was standing' (from PLak reduplication for iterative); feminine ''uplăplang''
*Imperfect: ''plăplang'' 'was standing; had stood' (from PLak reduplication for iterative); feminine ''uplăplang''
*Future: ''hepălang'' 'will stand' (from ''heφ-'' future tense marker + nominal grade ''pälŋ'' of root √''pläŋ''); feminine ''wepalang''
*Future: ''hepălang'' 'will stand' (from ''heφ-'' future tense marker + nominal grade ''pälŋ'' of root √''pläŋ''); feminine ''wepălang''
*Imperative/Subjunctive: ''plang'' 'stand! that X stand'; feminine ''uplang''
*Infinitive: ''pălang'' (from nominal grade *pəlng)
*Infinitive: ''pălang'' (from nominal grade *pəlng)


138,726

edits