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North-East Antarctican: Difference between revisions
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The word order is quite strict, but is not connected with subjects and objects. The word order is as follows: [Topicalised / Proximate Noun] [Wh-Phrase] [Verb] [Obviate Nouns] [Adverbs]. | The word order is quite strict, but is not connected with subjects and objects. The word order is as follows: [Topicalised / Proximate Noun] [Wh-Phrase] [Verb] [Obviate Nouns] [Adverbs]. | ||
==Copula== | |||
In North-East Antarctican, the copula is the particle /haˈʔɨ̤sːɨ/. This can be used for nominal predication e.g. | |||
dʷaˈʔɨ̤ːɻɨ haˈʔɨ̤sːɨ ɾʲɨmʲ=ɨˈɲɨ̰ | |||
these COP animal.PL.INDEF=dog | |||
These are dogs. | |||
It can also be used for locational predication (with a locative noun class marker) e.g. | |||
mɨhaj=ɨˈɲɨ̰ haˈʔɨ̤sːɨ kɨwaˈn=ɨ̰mːʲɨ | |||
1PS.SG.POSS=dog COP LOC.SG.INDEF=fjord | |||
My dog is at a fjord. | |||
Finally, it can also be used for adjectival predication e.g. | |||
mɨhaj=ɨˈɲɨ̰ haˈʔɨ̤sːɨ ˈka̤ɫːaʔɨdʷɨʔa | |||
1PS.SG.POSS=dog COP warm | |||
My dog is warm. | |||
However, it is important to note that, unlike English, the copula /haˈʔɨ̤sːɨ/ is a particle and not a verb, and does not take TAM or other inflections. | |||
==Predicative Possession== | |||
Like English, there is a transitive verb meaning "to have", /ˈka̤gːʷɨ/ e.g. | |||
dʷəɻɨ=ˈma̤ɴ ja-ˈka̤gːʷɨ ɾʲɨmʲ=ɨˈɲɨ̰ | |||
those=man PRES.ATEL-have animal.PL.INDEF=dog | |||
Those men have dogs. | |||
Normally, /ˈka̤gːʷɨ/ is used with atelic prefixes. With telic prefixes, it means "get" or "obtain" e.g. | |||
dʷəɻɨ=ˈma̤ɴ bɨʔa-ˈka̤gːʷɨ ɾʲɨmʲ=ɨˈɲɨ̰ | |||
those=man PRES.TEL-have animal.PL.INDEF=dog | |||
Those men got dogs. | |||
==Comparative Constructions== | |||
North-East Antarctican has different comparative constructions depending on what the two things are being compared in terms of. | |||
===Adjectives/Nouns=== | |||
To say "A is more X than B", where X is an adjective or noun, North-East Antarctican replaces the particle /haˈʔɨ̤sːɨ/ with the particle /ma̤sːɨ/. For example, from the following sentence: | |||
mɨhaj=ɨˈɲɨ̰ haˈʔɨ̤sːɨ ˈka̤ɫːaʔɨdʷɨʔa | |||
1PS.SG.POSS=dog COP warm | |||
My dog is warm. | |||
we can derive a comparative sentence: | |||
mɨhaj=ɨˈɲɨ̰ ma̤sːɨ ˈka̤ɫːaʔɨdʷɨʔa jɨw=ɨˈɲɨ̰ | |||
1PS.SG.POSS=dog CMPR warm 2PS.POSS=dog | |||
My dog is warmer than your dog. | |||
===Verbs=== | |||
To say "A does X more than B", B takes the preposition /dʷa̤ɴ/ e.g. | |||
mɨhaj=ɨˈɲɨ̰ ja-bə~ˈbə̤tɨ dʷa̤ɴ jɨw=ɨˈɲɨ̰ | |||
1PS.SG.POSS=dog PRES.ATEL-RECP-bite more.than 2PS.POSS=dog | |||
My dogs bite each other more than your dogs. | |||
[[Category:Languages]] | |||
[[Category:North-East Antarctican]] | |||