Heleasic: Difference between revisions

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|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|setting = [[Verse:Lõis|Lõis]]
|setting = [[Verse:Lõis|Lõis]]
|nativename = ἑλεατὶκ ʰγλῶττ
|nativename = ἑλεασικ ʰγλῶττ
|pronunciation = /hɪljəðì glɑ̂t/
|pronunciation = /hlizì glɑ̂t/
|region = India
|region = India
|states =  
|states =  
Line 17: Line 17:
}}
}}


'''Heleatic''' (natively: ''ἑλεατὶκ ʰγλῶττ'' /hɪljəðì glɑ̂t/) is a tonal descendant of Ancient Greek spoken in Lõis's India, inspired by Khmer, Hebrew and English. It has final stress and 3 tones. The name of the language comes from Heleatia (< PIE *séles-wn-tih₂, ~ Sanskrit ''Sarasvatī''), a mystical river found in L-Ancient Greek legends.
'''Heleasic''' (natively: ἡ ἑλεασικ ʰγλῶττ ''ha hlizì gglât'' /hə hlizì glɑ̂t/) is a tonal descendant of Ancient Greek spoken in Lõis's East India, inspired by Khmer, Hebrew and English. It has final stress and 3 tones. The name of the language comes from [[Verse:Lõis/Heleasia|Heleasia]] (Ὲλεασία ''Hiljazía'' /hlizíə/ < PIE *séles-wn-tih₂, ~ Sanskrit ''Sarasvatī''), a mystical river found in L-Ancient Greek legends.


Numbers: hɛ́n, tʰŷ, trê, tɪsə́ɹ, pɛ́nt, hɛ́s, hɛ̀ft, oxtɑ́, ɪnêɪ, tʰɛ̂
Numbers: hɛ́n, tʰŷ, trê, tɪsə́ɹ, pɛ́nt, hɛ́s, hɛ̀ft, oxtɑ́, ɪnêɪ, tʰɛ̂


Apology, first sentence:
Apology, first sentence:
:/pɑ̂s hɪðê, ɑ̂ əntə̀ɹ ədɪnâɪ, ɪvɐ̂ð hɪvò tɑ̂n kəðɪgorɑ̂nəm, gɑ́ ù kʰoɹɪzɑ̀/  
:/pɑ̂smɪ hɪzê, ɑ̂ ədɪnâɪ əntə̀ɹ, ɪvədɐ̂z hɪvò tɑ̂n kəzɪgorɑ̂nɪm, gɑ́ ù kʰoɹɪz/  
:how 2PL.NOM, VOC Athenian.PL man.PL.NOM PRET-be_affected by DEF.PL.GEN accuser-PL.GEN-1SG, 1SG.NOM NEG know-PRES.1SG
:how 2PL.NOM, VOC Athenian.PL man.PL.NOM PRET-be_affected by DEF.PL.GEN accuser-PL.GEN-1SG, 1SG.NOM NEG know.PRES
:''How you, O Athenians, have been affected by my accusers, I do not know...''
:''How you, O Athenians, have been affected by my accusers, I cannot tell...''
:[Ancient Greek: Ὅτι μὲν ὑμεῖς, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, πεπόνθατε ὑπὸ τῶν ἐμῶν κατηγόρων, οὐκ οἶδα]
:[Ancient Greek: Ὅτι μὲν ὑμεῖς, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, πεπόνθατε ὑπὸ τῶν ἐμῶν κατηγόρων, οὐκ οἶδα]


koɹɪzɑ̀ 'know' is from χωρίζω 'separate, divide, distinguish'
koɹɪzɑ̀ 'know' is from χωρίζω 'separate, divide, distinguish'
==Diachronics==
==Diachronics==
γ κ χ > x x k
When should stress shift occur? Only certain endings should drop: (-ος, -α, -ον should drop)
When should stress shift occur? Only certain endings should drop: (-ος, -α, -ον should drop)


pterón > ftèɹ 'wing'
πτερόν pterón > πτερ ftèɹ 'wing'


xērós > sʰæ̀ɹ 'dry'
ξηρός xērós > ξηρ sʰæ̀ɹ 'dry'


théma > tém 'thing'; pl. thémata > témàð > tɪmâð 'things'
θέμα théma > θέμ tʰém 'thing'; pl. θέματα thémata > tʰémàð > θεμᾶτ  tʰɪmâð 'things'


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
*Stops: p b ph f v t d th θ ð k g kh x (ʔ)
*Fricatives: s z sh h
*Resonants: m n l r (w)


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
Line 48: Line 50:


===Tones===
===Tones===
Hyper-tonal Hellenic has 3 tones: high, low and falling.
Heleasic has 3 tones: high, low, and falling.
 
===Mutation===


==Morphology==
==Morphology==
===Pronouns===
*1sg: γω ga
*2sg: συ sy
*3sg: τος/τη/το thos/thæ/tho
*4: κειν kheen
*1pl: μεις mees
*2pl: σεις sees
*3pl: τοι thei (common)/τα tha (neuter)
low tone when non-emphatic, high tone when emphatic
===Nouns===
===Nouns===
====Declension====
====Declension====
Cases: Nominative and oblique; gender marked by mutations
Cases: Nominative and oblique
 
Gender and case marked by mutations: e.g. γλῶττ /klɑ̂t/ 'a language (nom)'; ἡ ʰγλῶττ /hə glɑ̂t/ 'the language (nom)'
 
NOM: ἄνθρωπος > əntɹɑ̂ph; ἄνθρωποι > əntɹophì
 
OBL: ἀνθρώπου > əntɹophù; ἀνθρώπων > əntɹophɑ̂n


NOM: ἄνθρωπος > əntɹɑ̂v; ἄνθρωποι > əntɹovì
*nom. ho, hæ (L), to; pl. hei, hei, ta
*obl. tu (L), tē, tu (L), pl. tô (N)


OBL: ἀνθρώπου > əntɹovû; ἀνθρώπων > əntɹovɑ̂n
====Possessive suffixes====
====Possessive suffixes====
1sg: ''-əm''
1sg: ''-(e)m''
 
2sg: ''-(e)s''
 
3sg: ''-(e)t''


2sg: ''-əs''
1pl: ''-men''
 
2pl: ''-sen''
 
3pl: ''-ten''


===Adjectives===
===Adjectives===


===Verbs===
===Verbs===
Verbs are inflected for person but are not pro-drop.
Verbs lost personal inflection but retained many of the Ancient Greek tenses: infinitive, present, imperfect, perfect, future imperfect, future perfect, conditional, conditional perfect, imperative
 
Verbs have passive forms, inherited from the Ancient Greek passive -ται and -το.
 
*'to instruct': ''phdówin, phdów, ephdów, pephdôwg, phdówz, pephdówks, phdówi, pephdôwgi, phdów!'' /pʰdǒwɪn, pʰdǒw, ʔəpʰdôw, pəpʰdôwg, pʰdǒwz, pəpʰdôwks, pʰdǒwɪ, pəpʰdôwgɪ/
**'to be instructed': ''phdówte, phdówet, ephdówet, pephdôwget, phdówzet, pephdówkset, phdówit, pephdôwgit, phdówet!'' /pʰdǒwtə, pʰdǒwət, ʔəpʰdôwət, pəpʰdôwət, pʰdǒwzət, pəpʰdôwksət, pʰdǒwɪt, pəpʰdôwgɪt/


[[Category:Indo-European languages]][[Category:Hellenic languages]]
[[Category:Indo-European languages]][[Category:Hellenic languages]]

Latest revision as of 16:25, 8 February 2020

Heleasic
ἑλεασικ ʰγλῶττ
Pronunciation[/hlizì glɑ̂t/]
Created byIlL
SettingLõis
Native speakers90 million (2015)
Indo-European
  • Hellenic
    • Ancient Greek
      • Heleasic

Heleasic (natively: ἡ ἑλεασικ ʰγλῶττ ha hlizì gglât /hə hlizì glɑ̂t/) is a tonal descendant of Ancient Greek spoken in Lõis's East India, inspired by Khmer, Hebrew and English. It has final stress and 3 tones. The name of the language comes from Heleasia (Ὲλεασία Hiljazía /hlizíə/ < PIE *séles-wn-tih₂, ~ Sanskrit Sarasvatī), a mystical river found in L-Ancient Greek legends.

Numbers: hɛ́n, tʰŷ, trê, tɪsə́ɹ, pɛ́nt, hɛ́s, hɛ̀ft, oxtɑ́, ɪnêɪ, tʰɛ̂

Apology, first sentence:

/pɑ̂smɪ hɪzê, ɑ̂ ədɪnâɪ əntə̀ɹ, ɪvədɐ̂z hɪvò tɑ̂n kəzɪgorɑ̂nɪm, gɑ́ ù kʰoɹɪz/
how 2PL.NOM, VOC Athenian.PL man.PL.NOM PRET-be_affected by DEF.PL.GEN accuser-PL.GEN-1SG, 1SG.NOM NEG know.PRES
How you, O Athenians, have been affected by my accusers, I cannot tell...
[Ancient Greek: Ὅτι μὲν ὑμεῖς, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, πεπόνθατε ὑπὸ τῶν ἐμῶν κατηγόρων, οὐκ οἶδα]

koɹɪzɑ̀ 'know' is from χωρίζω 'separate, divide, distinguish'

Diachronics

When should stress shift occur? Only certain endings should drop: (-ος, -α, -ον should drop)

πτερόν pterón > πτερ ftèɹ 'wing'

ξηρός xērós > ξηρ sʰæ̀ɹ 'dry'

θέμα théma > θέμ tʰém 'thing'; pl. θέματα thémata > tʰémàð > θεμᾶτ tʰɪmâð 'things'

Phonology

Consonants

  • Stops: p b ph f v t d th θ ð k g kh x (ʔ)
  • Fricatives: s z sh h
  • Resonants: m n l r (w)

Vowels

/ɐ ɛ o ɪ ə ɑ æ e i u y iə uə aɪ eɪ aʊ oʊ əɹ æɹ ɒɹ eɹ iɹ yɹ ʊɹ/

Only /ə əɹ o ɪ/ may occur in unstressed syllables.

Tones

Heleasic has 3 tones: high, low, and falling.

Mutation

Morphology

Pronouns

  • 1sg: γω ga
  • 2sg: συ sy
  • 3sg: τος/τη/το thos/thæ/tho
  • 4: κειν kheen
  • 1pl: μεις mees
  • 2pl: σεις sees
  • 3pl: τοι thei (common)/τα tha (neuter)

low tone when non-emphatic, high tone when emphatic

Nouns

Declension

Cases: Nominative and oblique

Gender and case marked by mutations: e.g. γλῶττ /klɑ̂t/ 'a language (nom)'; ἡ ʰγλῶττ /hə glɑ̂t/ 'the language (nom)'

NOM: ἄνθρωπος > əntɹɑ̂ph; ἄνθρωποι > əntɹophì

OBL: ἀνθρώπου > əntɹophù; ἀνθρώπων > əntɹophɑ̂n

  • nom. ho, hæ (L), to; pl. hei, hei, ta
  • obl. tu (L), tē, tu (L), pl. tô (N)

Possessive suffixes

1sg: -(e)m

2sg: -(e)s

3sg: -(e)t

1pl: -men

2pl: -sen

3pl: -ten

Adjectives

Verbs

Verbs lost personal inflection but retained many of the Ancient Greek tenses: infinitive, present, imperfect, perfect, future imperfect, future perfect, conditional, conditional perfect, imperative

Verbs have passive forms, inherited from the Ancient Greek passive -ται and -το.

  • 'to instruct': phdówin, phdów, ephdów, pephdôwg, phdówz, pephdówks, phdówi, pephdôwgi, phdów! /pʰdǒwɪn, pʰdǒw, ʔəpʰdôw, pəpʰdôwg, pʰdǒwz, pəpʰdôwks, pʰdǒwɪ, pəpʰdôwgɪ/
    • 'to be instructed': phdówte, phdówet, ephdówet, pephdôwget, phdówzet, pephdówkset, phdówit, pephdôwgit, phdówet! /pʰdǒwtə, pʰdǒwət, ʔəpʰdôwət, pəpʰdôwət, pʰdǒwzət, pəpʰdôwksət, pʰdǒwɪt, pəpʰdôwgɪt/
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