Heleasic
| Heleasic | |
|---|---|
| ἑλεασικ ʰγλῶττ | |
| Pronunciation | [/hlizì glɑ̂t/] |
| Created by | IlL |
| Setting | Lõis |
| Native speakers | 90 million (2015) |
Indo-European
| |
Heleasic (natively: ἡ ἑλεασικ ʰγλῶττ ha hlizì gglât /hə hlizì glɑ̂t/) is a tonal descendant of Ancient Greek spoken in Lõis's East India, inspired by Khmer, Hebrew and English. It has final stress and 3 tones. The name of the language comes from Heleasia (Ὲλεασία Hiljazía /hlizíə/ < PIE *séles-wn-tih₂, ~ Sanskrit Sarasvatī), a mystical river found in L-Ancient Greek legends.
Numbers: hɛ́n, tʰŷ, trê, tɪsə́ɹ, pɛ́nt, hɛ́s, hɛ̀ft, oxtɑ́, ɪnêɪ, tʰɛ̂
Apology, first sentence:
- /pɑ̂smɪ hɪzê, ɑ̂ ədɪnâɪ əntə̀ɹ, ɪvədɐ̂z hɪvò tɑ̂n kəzɪgorɑ̂nɪm, gɑ́ ù kʰoɹɪz/
- how 2PL.NOM, VOC Athenian.PL man.PL.NOM PRET-be_affected by DEF.PL.GEN accuser-PL.GEN-1SG, 1SG.NOM NEG know.PRES
- How you, O Athenians, have been affected by my accusers, I cannot tell...
- [Ancient Greek: Ὅτι μὲν ὑμεῖς, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, πεπόνθατε ὑπὸ τῶν ἐμῶν κατηγόρων, οὐκ οἶδα]
koɹɪzɑ̀ 'know' is from χωρίζω 'separate, divide, distinguish'
Diachronics
When should stress shift occur? Only certain endings should drop: (-ος, -α, -ον should drop)
πτερόν pterón > πτερ ftèɹ 'wing'
ξηρός xērós > ξηρ sʰæ̀ɹ 'dry'
θέμα théma > θέμ tʰém 'thing'; pl. θέματα thémata > tʰémàð > θεμᾶτ tʰɪmâð 'things'
Phonology
Consonants
- Stops: p b ph f v t d th θ ð k g kh x (ʔ)
- Fricatives: s z sh h
- Resonants: m n l r (w)
Vowels
/ɐ ɛ o ɪ ə ɑ æ e i u y iə uə aɪ eɪ aʊ oʊ əɹ æɹ ɒɹ eɹ iɹ yɹ ʊɹ/
Only /ə əɹ o ɪ/ may occur in unstressed syllables.
Tones
Heleasic has 3 tones: high, low, and falling.
Mutation
Morphology
Pronouns
- 1sg: γω ga
- 2sg: συ sy
- 3sg: τος/τη/το thos/thæ/tho
- 4: κειν kheen
- 1pl: μεις mees
- 2pl: σεις sees
- 3pl: τοι thei (common)/τα tha (neuter)
low tone when non-emphatic, high tone when emphatic
Nouns
Declension
Cases: Nominative and oblique
Gender and case marked by mutations: e.g. γλῶττ /klɑ̂t/ 'a language (nom)'; ἡ ʰγλῶττ /hə glɑ̂t/ 'the language (nom)'
NOM: ἄνθρωπος > əntɹɑ̂ph; ἄνθρωποι > əntɹophì
OBL: ἀνθρώπου > əntɹophù; ἀνθρώπων > əntɹophɑ̂n
- nom. ho, hæ (L), to; pl. hei, hei, ta
- obl. tu (L), tē, tu (L), pl. tô (N)
Possessive suffixes
1sg: -(e)m
2sg: -(e)s
3sg: -(e)t
1pl: -men
2pl: -sen
3pl: -ten
Adjectives
Verbs
Verbs lost personal inflection but retained many of the Ancient Greek tenses: infinitive, present, imperfect, perfect, future imperfect, future perfect, conditional, conditional perfect, imperative
Verbs have passive forms, inherited from the Ancient Greek passive -ται and -το.
- 'to instruct': phdówin, phdów, ephdów, pephdôwg, phdówz, pephdówks, phdówi, pephdôwgi, phdów! /pʰdǒwɪn, pʰdǒw, ʔəpʰdôw, pəpʰdôwg, pʰdǒwz, pəpʰdôwks, pʰdǒwɪ, pəpʰdôwgɪ/
- 'to be instructed': phdówte, phdówet, ephdówet, pephdôwget, phdówzet, pephdówkset, phdówit, pephdôwgit, phdówet! /pʰdǒwtə, pʰdǒwət, ʔəpʰdôwət, pəpʰdôwət, pʰdǒwzət, pəpʰdôwksət, pʰdǒwɪt, pəpʰdôwgɪt/