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Volapűük nulíik: Difference between revisions

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Volapűük nulíik (view source)

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===''Examples / sáams''===
===''Examples / sáams''===


kozdudannotúbabagee
kozdudannotúbabagèe


ko-STUDAN-[n]ot-ú-ba-ba-ee
ko-STUDAN-[n]ot-ú-bi-ba-èe


with-STUDENT-all-ess.-1.sg.-gen.-maybe-and
with-STUDENT-all-ess.-1.sg.-acc.-maybe-and


"and maybe with all my students"
"and maybe with all my students"




kååpáfa mevaabotúnotiguu
kååpáfa mevaabotúnotigùu


kååp-á-f-a | me-FAAB-ot-ú-n-o-ti-uu
kååp-á-f-a | me-FAAB-ot-ú-n-o-ti-uu
Line 2,050: Line 2,050:
|| [-Cäm] || deggäm [1.000.000] || tummäm [100.000.000.000] || milläm [1.000.000.000.000.000.000]
|| [-Cäm] || deggäm [1.000.000] || tummäm [100.000.000.000] || milläm [1.000.000.000.000.000.000]
|-
|-
|| [-Cev] ||
|| [-Cev] || deggev [10.000.000] || tummev [100.000.000.000.000] || millev [1.000.000.000.000.000.000.000]
|-
|-
|| [-Cöš] ||
|| [-Cöš] || deggöš [100.000.000] || tummöš [10.000.000.000.000.000] || millöš [1.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000]
|-
|-
|| [-Cüts] ||
|| [-Cüts] || deggüts [1.000.000.000] || tummüts [1.000.000.000.000.000.000] || millüts [1.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000]
|-
|-
|| [-Ceg/-Ced] ||
|| [-Ceg/-Ced] || deggeg/degged [10.000.000.000] tummeg / tummed [100.000.000.000.000.000.000] || milleg / milled [1.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000]
|}
|}


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méet [metre] + Cet > *méettet > mettéet 'squaremetre' [m.-et]
méet [metre] + Cet > *méettet > mettéet 'squaremetre' [m.-et]
metíil [kilometre] + Cet > *metiillet > metilléet 'squarekilometre' [mm.-et]
metáak [centimetre] + Cet > *metaakket > metakkéet 'squarecentimetre' [mdg.-et]




méet [metre] + Cik > *méettik > mettíik 'cubic metre' [m.-ik]
méet [metre] + Cik > *méettik > mettíik 'cubic metre' [m.-ik]
metáak [centimetre] + Cik > *metaakkik > metakkíik 'cubic centimetre' [mdg.-ik]
metíll [kilometre] + Cik > *metiillik > metillíik 'cubic kilometre' [mm.-ik]




Since numeral expressions follow the noun, kilo-, mega - a.s.o. are expressed in the format ''unit of measurement''[partitive] + numeral expression. Examples:
Since numeral expressions follow the noun, kilo-, mega - a.s.o. are expressed in the format ''unit of measurement''[partitive] + numeral expression. Examples:


kilometre:


dammetá [metre, part.] + mil > dammetamíil [mm.] 'kilometre' [coll. metíil]  
dammetá [metre, part.] + mil > dammetamíil [mm.] 'kilometre' [coll. metíil]  
Line 2,084: Line 2,095:




dametá [metre, part.] + dađegá > dametadađegáak [mdđ.] 'centimetre' [coll. međáak]  
dametá [metre, part.] + dađegá > dametadađegáak [mdđ.] 'dekametre' [coll. međáak]
 
 
dametá [metre, part.]+ dađeggetá > dametadeggetáak [mdg.] 'centimetre' [coll. metáak]




dametá [metre, part.] + dammilá > dametadammiláak [mdm.] 'millimetre' [coll. memáak]  
dametá [metre, part.] + dammilá > dametadammiláak [mdm.] 'millimetre' [coll. memáak]  
dametá [metre, part.] + dammilletá > dametadammilletáak [mdmt.] 'micrometre' [coll. meláak]
dametá [metre, part.] + dadummulá > dametadadummuláak [mdtl.] 'nanometre' [coll. medáak]




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daghramämá [ton, part.] + millik > daghramämamillíik [gmk.]  'gigawatt' [coll. gramämíik]
daghramämá [ton, part.] + millik > daghramämamillíik [gmk.]  'gigaton' [coll. gramämíik]


==='''Verbs/Dunavȍöds'''===
==='''Verbs/Dunavȍöds'''===
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|-
|-
||pri- || <prim- || to start || Prillärngábin Volapük nulikí. 'I start learning Volapȕük nulíik.'
||pri- || <prim- || to start || Prillärngábin Volapük nulikí. 'I start learning Volapȕük nulíik.'
|-
||ro- || <rop- || to interrupt || Rozbikodpábem Hyacinthé. 'I interrupt my conversation with Hyacinth [and continue it later].'
|-
|-
||fi- || <fin- || to end || Firreedgébinfò bukakí. 'I have finally reading this book.'  
||fi- || <fin- || to end || Firreedgébinfò bukakí. 'I have finally reading this book.'  
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|-
|-
||slu- || <slud- || to decide || Slummerikiglém. 'He has taken the decision to go to America.'
||slu- || <slud- || to decide || Slummerikiglém. 'He has taken the decision to go to America.'
|-
||se- || <sed- || to let, to have done || Sebeneddenbámeb. 'He has the letter written by me.'
|-
||ke- || <koed- || to permit, to refuse to prevent || Keđeadgȁfim. 'She let him die.' [she did nothing to prevent him from dying]
|-
||le- ||<lead- || to permit, to allow || Lenniveriglépsib. 'I was allowed to enter university.' [to enroll in studies]
|}
|}


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|-
|-
||-sä || as if || ? || ?
||-sä || as if || ? || ?
|-
||-fä || if only || ? || ?
|-
|-
||-bo/-so || little, not much || Nollärnȁbdäälbo. || I did not study much yesterday.
||-bo/-so || little, not much || Nollärnȁbdäälbo. || I did not study much yesterday.
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|-
|-
||-sö || consequently, so || kvisinbábel, mövidádd. || I cook for you, so we both can eat [together].  
||-sö || consequently, so || kvisinbábel, mövidádd. || I cook for you, so we both can eat [together].  
|-
||-su || immediately || Robledabsugȍd kođogú gufpabemeegȍd! || Stop playing with the dog immediately and help me!
|}
|}


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This slot includes suffixes that make the whole following phrase a subordinated clauses. The syntax of subordinated and main clauses does not differ, the question if a clause is a main or a subordinated clause is rather marked by the presence or absence of a subordinated clause marker. A subordinated marker may receive a second stress.
This slot includes suffixes that make the whole following phrase a subordinated clauses. The syntax of subordinated and main clauses does not differ, the question if a clause is a main or a subordinated clause is rather marked by the presence or absence of a subordinated clause marker. A subordinated marker may receive a second stress.
{| class= "bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
!suffix !! meaning !! example !! translation
|-
||-bi ||because || Lüvgóbil löfkábilbì. || I leave you because I love you.
|-
||-do ||although || Plödiglábs reenánotdò. || We go outside, although it is raining there.
|-
||-da || that || Saggábin domimakmémda Markus. || I say that Markus has come from his home.
|-
||-ne || without || Lüvém dinonnagémne. || He has left without saying anything.]
|-
||-fi || if || ||
|-
||-ad || in order to || ||
|-
||-(i)bsä || unless || ||
|}


===''Slot XII / Bóok XII ''===
===''Slot XII / Bóok XII ''===
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||-Cif || *tifön || to steal || Kaparabbifél. kapar-ab-BIF-é-l 'You have stolen my goat.'
||-Cif || *tifön || to steal || Kaparabbifél. kapar-ab-BIF-é-l 'You have stolen my goat.'
|-
|-
||-Cin || *binön || to exist || Dawatakkináan niđärsätó. 'There is water in the dessert.' Niđärsätokkináan dawatá. 'In the desert, there is water.'
|-
||-Cüt || *mütön || to cause to do [by force] || Penedakkennütpépsem. 'They have forced him to write this letter.'
|-
||-Cun || *flunön || to influence s.o. || Penedakkennunbépsem. 'They have influenced him to write this letter.'
|-
||-Cag || *sagön || to say, to tell || Konottagbémeb. 'He has told me a story.
|}  
|}  


-Cüt / -Cun are also used to create causatives in Volap'üük nulíik.


Verbs of motion can also combine with placenames to indicate a motion to or from a certain place. These co-verb suffixes do take either the accusative (-i-) for a movement directed to the place or the dative (-e-) case for movement from this place. The Northern dialect will use the ablative (-ä-) here.  
Verbs of motion can also combine with placenames to indicate a motion to or from a certain place. These co-verb suffixes do take either the accusative (-i-) for a movement directed to the place or the dative (-e-) case for movement from this place. The Northern dialect will use the ablative (-ä-) here.  
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|-
|-
|| -sl- || *solu- || to die [in a place] || Moskovisléf. 'She has died in Moscow. [the original meaning 'to dissolve' was used as a metaphore of a soul that loses its connection to the material world when a a person dies. Since the original meaning implies a directional movement (dissolve into something), the placename appears in the accusative case.]
|| -sl- || *solu- || to die [in a place] || Moskovisléf. 'She has died in Moscow. [the original meaning 'to dissolve' was used as a metaphore of a soul that loses its connection to the material world when a a person dies. Since the original meaning implies a directional movement (dissolve into something), the placename appears in the accusative case.]
|-
|| -bl- || *ble- || to stay || domoblársöd! Stay at home!
|-
|-
|}  
|}  
ArmasUkko
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