Eadlan/Older draft/Netagic: Difference between revisions
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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
*Consonants: b d λ ǯ ʒ́ g p t ξ č ć k q s σ š ś m n ŋ l r w j | *Consonants: b d λ ǯ ʒ́ g p t ξ č ć k q s σ š ś m n ŋ l r w j | ||
*Vowels: i ị e ẹ a ạ ə | *Vowels: i ị e ẹ a ạ ə ə̣ o ọ u ụ /i ɪ e ɛ æ a ɨ ə o ɔ u ʊ/ (i a u ī ā ū -> e a u i o ɨ; modal/stød -> ATR/RTR like glottalization > uvularization in arabic) | ||
**PNtg: ɪ ɛ æ a ɔ ʊ > ONtg iə eə eə a oə uə | **PNtg: ɪ ɛ æ a ɔ ʊ > ONtg iə eə eə a oə uə | ||
*ATR/RTR harmony; i e a ə o u vs ị ẹ ạ | *ATR/RTR harmony; i e a ə o u vs ị ẹ ạ ə̣ ọ ụ | ||
*Initial stress modulo prefixes | *Initial stress modulo prefixes | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!| Nominative | !| Nominative | ||
| ''rụsạ'' || '' | | ''rụsạ'' || ''rụsạndə̣'' || ''rụsọn'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| Accusative | !| Accusative | ||
| ''rụsạj'' || '' | | ''rụsạj'' || ''rụsạndə̣'' || ''rụsịs'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| Genitive | !| Genitive | ||
| ''rụsạt'' || '' | | ''rụsạt'' || ''rụsạndə̣mạk'' || ''rụsọk'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
RTR inanimates: | RTR inanimates: | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;" | ||
|+ '' | |+ ''ẹpŋə̣'' 'tree' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="width: 90px;" | | ! style="width: 90px;" | | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!| Nominative | !| Nominative | ||
| '' | | ''ẹpŋə̣'' || ''ẹpŋə̣ndə̣'' || ''ẹpŋọt'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| Accusative | !| Accusative | ||
| '' | | ''ẹpŋə̣n'' || ''ẹpŋə̣ndə̣'' || ''ẹpŋịs'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| Genitive | !| Genitive | ||
| '' | | ''ẹpŋə̣t'' || ''ẹpŋə̣ndə̣mạk'' || ''ẹpŋọk'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
{{col-end}} | {{col-end}} | ||
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{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|+ Conjugation of '' | |+ Conjugation of ''qẹdbə̣'' 'believe' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! infinitive | ! infinitive | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! action noun | ! action noun | ||
|colspan=10| '' | |colspan=10| ''qẹdbịpə̣'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! active participle | ! active participle | ||
|colspan=10| '' | |colspan=10| ''qẹdbə̣škạ'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! passive participle | ! passive participle | ||
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! imperative | ! imperative | ||
| ''-'' | | ''-'' | ||
| '' | | ''qẹdbə̣'' | ||
| ''-'' | | ''-'' | ||
| ''qẹdbạbị'' | | ''qẹdbạbị'' | ||
| '' | | ''qẹdbə̣nạbị'' | ||
| ''-'' | | ''-'' | ||
| '' | | ''qẹdbə̣kạ'' | ||
| '' | | ''qẹdbə̣nạ'' | ||
| ''-'' | | ''-'' | ||
| ''-'' | | ''-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! present | ! present | ||
| '' | | ''qẹdbə̣llị'' | ||
| '' | | ''qẹdbə̣ddị'' | ||
| '' | | ''qẹdbə̣k'' | ||
| '' | | ''qẹdbə̣kkạbị'' | ||
| '' | | ''qẹdbə̣nnạbị'' | ||
| '' | | ''qẹdbə̣bị'' | ||
| '' | | ''qẹdbə̣kkạ'' | ||
| '' | | ''qẹdbə̣nnạ'' | ||
| '' | | ''qẹdbə̣šụm'' | ||
| ''qẹdbịłọk'' | | ''qẹdbịłọk'' | ||
|- | |- |
Revision as of 20:02, 17 May 2020
The Netagic languages are a subbranch of the Idavic family that includes Netagin. They are inspired by Uralic.
PId final *-a, *-i, *-u > PNtg *-æ/a, *-ɨ/ə, *-ɨ/ə -> Pre-Netagin *-ē, *-ë, *-ë > Old Netagin -i, -a, -a
Phonology
- Consonants: b d λ ǯ ʒ́ g p t ξ č ć k q s σ š ś m n ŋ l r w j
- Vowels: i ị e ẹ a ạ ə ə̣ o ọ u ụ /i ɪ e ɛ æ a ɨ ə o ɔ u ʊ/ (i a u ī ā ū -> e a u i o ɨ; modal/stød -> ATR/RTR like glottalization > uvularization in arabic)
- PNtg: ɪ ɛ æ a ɔ ʊ > ONtg iə eə eə a oə uə
- ATR/RTR harmony; i e a ə o u vs ị ẹ ạ ə̣ ọ ụ
- Initial stress modulo prefixes
Morphology
Pronouns
Nouns
Netagic retains cases and the dual, but the abstract gender merges into the inanimate gender.
Cases
The dative merged with the accusative with inanimate nouns.
- nominative
- accusative
- genitive
ATR animates:
ATR inanimates:
|
RTR animates:
RTR inanimates:
|
Pronominal suffixes
Adjectives
Paradigms
Weak paradigm: (animate/inanimate; sg, du, pl)
- nom: ŋidæ/ŋidɨ, ŋidændæ/ŋidɨndæ, ŋidonɨ/ŋido
- gen: ŋide/ŋidæk, (nom du)=gid ŋidi/ŋidok
Strong paradigm (rare):
Verbs
Paradigms
Each verb has three principal parts: the imperative, the present tense stem, and the past tense stem.
TODO: use impersonal instead of passive
infinitive | aktə | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
action noun | akipə | |||||||||
active participle | akəška | |||||||||
passive participle | ukča | |||||||||
Tense | 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st du. | 2nd du. | 3rd du. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | impersonal |
imperative | - | akə | - | akabi | akənabi | - | akəka | akəna | - | - |
present | akəlli | akəddi | akək | akəkkabi | akənnabi | akəbi | akəkka | akənna | akəšum | akiłok |
recent past | ukili | ukidi | ukis | ukikabi | ukinabi | ukibi | ukika | ukina | ukim | ukiłas |
remote past | ukčali | ukčadi | ukčas | ukčakabi | ukčanabi | ukčabi | ukčaka | ukčana | ukčam | ukiłča |
future-irrealis | aktiłoli | aktiłodi | aktiłok | aktiłokabi | aktiłonabi | aktiłobi | aktiłoka | aktiłona | aktiłošum | aktiba |
infinitive | qẹdbị | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
action noun | qẹdbịpə̣ | |||||||||
active participle | qẹdbə̣škạ | |||||||||
passive participle | qẹdbịčạ | |||||||||
Tense | 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st du. | 2nd du. | 3rd du. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | impersonal |
imperative | - | qẹdbə̣ | - | qẹdbạbị | qẹdbə̣nạbị | - | qẹdbə̣kạ | qẹdbə̣nạ | - | - |
present | qẹdbə̣llị | qẹdbə̣ddị | qẹdbə̣k | qẹdbə̣kkạbị | qẹdbə̣nnạbị | qẹdbə̣bị | qẹdbə̣kkạ | qẹdbə̣nnạ | qẹdbə̣šụm | qẹdbịłọk |
recent past | qẹdbịlị | qẹdbịdị | qẹdbịs | qẹdbịkạbị | qẹdbịnạbị | qẹdbịbị | qẹdbịkạ | qẹdbịnạ | qẹdbịm | qẹdbịłạs |
remote past | qẹdbịčạlị | qẹdbịčạdị | qẹdbịčạs | qẹdbịčạkạbị | qẹdbịčạnạbị | qẹdbịčạbị | qẹdbịčạkạ | qẹdbịčạkạbị | qẹdbịčạm | qẹdbịłčạ |
future-irrealis | qẹdbịłọlị | qẹdbịłọdị | qẹdbịłọk | qẹdbịłọkạbị | qẹdbịłọnạbị | qẹdbịłọbị | qẹdbịłọkạ | qẹdbịłọnạ | qẹdbịłọšụm | qẹdbịbạ |
Prepositions
Derivation
Syntax
SOV with prepositions