Idavic languages/Swadesh: Difference between revisions

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The following is a comparative Swadesh list for Proto-Idavic and selected Idavic languages.
__TOC__
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center; width: 900px"
|
==== 1-19 ====
!  [[w:English|English]]
!c=01|  Proto-[[Idavic]]
!c=03|  [[Shalaian]]
!c=04|  [[Varkun]]
!c=05|  [[Netagin]]
!c=06|  [[Beron]]
!c=07|  [[Sésjallese]]
|-
|i=No| 1
! I
|c=01|*-l, *li-
|c=03|''swil''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=06|
|c=07|''hál''
|-
| i=No|2
! thou
|c=01|*-d, *di-
|c=03|''swid'' (a); ''swidi'' (h)
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=06|
|c=07|''hazj''
|-
|i=No|3
! he; she; it
|c=01|
|c=03|''fin'' (a); ''fer'' (h)
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=06|
|c=07|''bbil'' (a)
|-
|i=No| 4
! we
|c=01|*-kʷa, kʷi-
|c=03| ''sowh'' (ex); ''swiv'' (in)
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=06|
|c=07|''háliŋ''
|-
|i=No| 5
! you
|c=01|*-nidi
|c=03| ''swiníd''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=06|
|c=07|''hazjiŋ''
|-
|i=No| 6
! they
|c=01|
|c=03| ''fikh''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=06|
|c=07|''bbilúr'' (a)
|-
|i=No| 7
! this
|c=01| se
|c=03| se
|c=04| ti
|c=05|
|c=06|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 8
! that
|c=01| pi
|c=03| fi
|c=04| fi
|c=05|
|c=06|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 9
! here
|c=01|
|c=03| rădun se, dunse
|c=04| mit
|c=05|
|c=06|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 10
! there
|c=01|
|c=03| rădun fi, dunfi
|c=04| mif
|c=05|
|c=06|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 11
! who
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04| khora
|c=05|
|c=06|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 12
! what
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04| ra
|c=05|
|c=06|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 13
! where
|c=01|
|c=03| rădun ra, dura
|c=04| mira
|c=05|
|c=06|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 14
! when
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=06|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 15
! how
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=06|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 16
! not
|c=01|diH
|c=03|die
|c=04|dii
|c=05|
|c=06|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 17
! all
|c=01| car
|c=03| tsor
|c=04| vikhon
|c=05|
|c=06|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 18
! many
|c=01| imHe
|c=03| mea
|c=04| imee
|c=05|
|c=06|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 19
! some
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04| toj
|c=05|
|c=06|
|c=07|
|-
|
==== 20-39 ====
!  [[w:English|English]]
!c=01|  Proto-Ashanic
!c=03|  [[Shalaian]]
!c=04|  [[Varkun]]
!c=05|  [[Netagin]]
!c=06|  [[Beron]]
!c=07|  [[Sésjallese]]
|-
|i=No| 20
! few
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04| hanib
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 21
! other
|c=01|
|c=03| nătha
|c=04| am
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 22
! one
|c=01| ndHon
|c=03| doan
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 23
! two
|c=01| uHrät
|c=03| rath
|c=04| oorad
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 24
! three
|c=01| atsiw
|c=03| stiw
|c=04| txiv
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 25
! four
|c=01| amsHäk
|c=03| smäch
|c=04| khaag
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 26
! five
|c=01| umsHut
|c=03| müets
|c=04| omøøtx
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 27
! big
|c=01| šir
|c=03| șir
|c=04| khir
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 28
! long
|c=01| ṛbHoŋ
|c=03| bruang
|c=04| aavruu
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 29
! wide
|c=01| ḷgäb
|c=03| glep (expected glap, influenced by clef 'heavy')
|c=04| *awkhab
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 30
! thick
|c=01| baHnog
|c=03| pănuc
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 31
! heavy
|c=01| agleHp
|c=03| clef (expected cleaf, influenced by glep 'wide')
|c=04| akheef
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 32
! small
|c=01| aHdaj
|c=03| doy
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 33
! short
|c=01| ŋäj
|c=03| ngay
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 34
! narrow
|c=01| aclus
|c=03| tslüs
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 35
! thin
|c=01| sret
|c=03| sreth
|c=04| khet
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 36
! woman
|c=01|
|c=03| sǎmeang
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=06|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 37
! man<br /><small>(male)</small>
|c=01|
|c=03|noaf
|c=04|rakim
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 38
! person
|c=01|lakof
|c=03|croth
|c=04|wako
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 39
! child<br /><small>(a youth)</small>
|c=01|akHat
|c=03|chäth
|c=04|akaad
|c=05|
|c=06|
|c=07|
|-
|
==== 40-59 ====
!  [[w:English|English]]
!c=01|  Proto-Ashanic
!c=03|  [[Shalaian]]
!c=04|  [[Varkun]]
!c=05|  [[Netagin]]
!c=06|  [[Beron]]
!c=07|  [[Sésjallese]]
|-
|i=No| 40
! wife
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 41
! husband
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 42
! mother
|c=01|Hama
|c=03|ăma
|c=04|amaa
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 43
! father
|c=01|
|c=03|ep
|c=04|ev
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 44
! animal
|c=01|drHim
|c=03|triem
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 45
! fish
|c=01| tap
|c=03| thof
|c=04| rab
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 46
! bird
|c=01| rHuk
|c=03| rüech
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 47
! dog
|c=01| atäw
|c=03| thaw
|c=04| arav
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 48
! louse
|c=01| cid
|c=03| tsit
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 49
! snake
|c=01| Hlir
|c=03| lier
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 50
! worm
|c=01| ogiŋ
|c=03| ging
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 51
! tree
|c=01| ipsuš
|c=03| spüș
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 52
! forest
|c=01| uskej
|c=03| scey
|c=04|
|c=05|
ukeđđe
|-
|i=No| 53
! stick<br /><small>(of wood)</small>
|c=01|bi-tän
|c=03|păthan
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 54
! fruit
|c=01|mHont
|c=03|muad
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 55
! seed
|c=01| draHs
|c=03|troas
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 56
! leaf
|c=01| egnol
|c=03|cnul
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 57
! root
|c=01| qäpand
|c=03| ăfod
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 58
! bark<br /><small>(of tree)</small>
|c=01| eglest
|c=03| cleath
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 59
! flower
|c=01| jär
|c=03| yar
|c=04| xar
|c=05| yär
|-
|
==== 60-79 ====
!  [[w:English|English]]
!c=01|  Proto-Ashanic
!c=03|  [[Shalaian]]
!c=04|  [[Varkun]]
!c=05|  [[Netagin]]
!c=06|  [[Beron]]
!c=07|  [[Sésjallese]]
|-
|i=No| 60
! grass
|c=01| nrpät
|c=03| năfrath
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 61
! rope
|c=01| besel
|c=03| păsel
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 62
! skin<br /><small>(of a person)</small>
|c=01| minew
|c=03|mănew
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 63
! meat<br /><small>(as in flesh)</small>
|c=01|ṛso
|c=03|răsu
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 64
! blood
|c=01| abreH
|c=03| prea
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 65
! bone
|c=01| ṇwok
|c=03| ăwoch
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 66
! fat<br /><small>(noun)</small>
|c=01| šuŋ
|c=03| șüng
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 67
! egg
|c=01| agrit
|c=03| crith
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 68
! horn
|c=01| mbräž
|c=03| bräy
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 69
! tail
|c=01| beniH
|c=03| pănie
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 70
! feather<br /><small>(rather not down)</small>
|c=01| npsŋä
|c=03| spănga
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 71
! hair
|c=01| ipnäw
|c=03| fnaw
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 72
! head
|c=01| ŋHu
|c=03| ngüe
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 73
! ear
|c=01| aspHel
|c=03| speal
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 74
! eye
|c=01| ṃbit
|c=03| bith
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 75
! nose
|c=01| gṛqi
|c=03| cră'i
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 76
! mouth
|c=01| ŋswak
|c=03|''swach''
|c=04|''twag''
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 77
! tooth<br /><small>(rather not molar) </small>
|c=01| ḷkoś
|c=03| gloł
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 78
! tongue
|c=01| edrok
|c=03| troch
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 79
! fingernail
|c=01| śṇdiH
|c=03| łădie
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|
==== 80-99 ====
!  [[w:English|English]]
!c=01|  Proto-Ashanic
!c=03|  [[Shalaian]]
!c=04|  [[Varkun]]
!c=05|  [[Netagin]]
!c=06|  [[Beron]]
!c=07|  [[Sésjallese]]
|-
|i=No| 80
! foot
|c=01|rsob
|c=03|srup
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 81
! leg
|c=01|wämp
|c=03|wab
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 82
! knee
|c=01|muHd? mudH
|c=03|müt
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 83
! hand
|c=01|lpen
|c=03|flen
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 84
! wing
|c=01|ktsaHol
|c=03|chtsual
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 85
! belly
|c=01|msaH
|c=03|smä
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 86
! guts
|c=01|lboH
|c=03|blua
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 87
! neck
|c=01|qnel
|c=03|nel
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 88
! back
|c=01|tome
|c=03|thăme
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 89
! breast
|c=01|
|c=03|doc (Talmic)
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 90
! heart
|c=01|Hros? roz?
|c=03|ruas
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 91
! liver
|c=01|tsaHläw
|c=03|tsălaw
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 92
! to drink
|c=01|ŋxur
|c=03| hür
|c=04| roob
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 93
! to eat
|c=01|crin
|c=03|tsrin
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 94
! to bite
|c=01|
|c=03|lișcoł
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 95
! to suck
|c=01|mej
|c=03|mey
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 96
! to spit
|c=01|mbarH
|c=03|boar
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 97
! to vomit
|c=01|glHus
|c=03|clües
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 98
! to blow<br /><small>(as wind)</small>
|c=01|ksät
|c=03|scath
|c=04|khoo
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 99
! to breathe
|c=01|tsäś
|c=03|tsał
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|
==== 100-119 ====
!  [[w:English|English]]
!c=01|  Proto-Ashanic
!c=03|  [[Shalaian]]
!c=04|  [[Varkun]]
!c=05|  [[Netagin]]
!c=06|  [[Beron]]
!c=07|  [[Sésjallese]]
|-
|i=No| 100
! to laugh
|c=01| täpi
|c=03| tăfi
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 101
! to see
|c=01| dHož
|c=03| tuay
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 102
! to hear
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 103
! to know<br /><small>(a fact)</small>
|c=01|aHdä, nsär
|c=03|da, mot mi snar
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 104
! to think
|c=01|greH
|c=03|crea
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 105
! to smell<br /><small>(sense odor)</small>
|c=01|
|c=03|srua
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 106
! to fear
|c=01|ponäk
|c=03|mot mi fănach
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 107
! to sleep
|c=01|nmHeg
|c=03|tmeac
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 108
! to live
|c=01|
|c=03|mărit
|c=04|faay
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 109
! to die
|c=01|ṛ-tkä
|c=03|răchta
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 110
! to kill
|c=01|šegi
|c=03|șămci
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 111
! to fight
|c=01|bago
|c=03|pgu
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 112
! to hunt<br /><small>(transitive)</small>
|c=01|arkaj
|c=03|răchoy
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 113
! to hit
|c=01|xśer
|c=03|łer
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 114
! to cut
|c=01|Hlen
|c=03|lean
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 115
! to split
|c=01|tomo
|c=03|thămu
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 116
! to stab<br /><small>(or stick)</small>
|c=01|jäst
|c=03|yäth
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 117
! to scratch<br /><small>(an itch)</small>
|c=01|qodar
|c=03|ător
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 118
! to dig
|c=01|modil
|c=03|mătil
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 119
! to swim
|c=01|śämäj
|c=03|łămay
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|
==== 120-139 ====
!  [[w:English|English]]
!c=01|  Proto-Ashanic
!c=03|  [[Shalaian]]
!c=04|  [[Varkun]]
!c=05|  [[Netagin]]
!c=06|  [[Beron]]
!c=07|  [[Sésjallese]]
|-
|i=No| 120
! to fly
|c=01| xlot
|c=03| lut
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 121
! to walk
|c=01| qseHp
|c=03| seaf
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 122
! to come
|c=01| rdel
|c=03| drel
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 123
! to lie<br /><small>(as on one's side)</small>
|c=01| xdal
|c=03| tol
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 124
! to sit
|c=01| Hdor
|c=03| dur
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 125
! to stand
|c=01| Hbläŋ
|c=03| plang
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 126
! to turn<br /><small>(change direction)</small>
|c=01|gmäc
|c=03|crămats
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 127
! to fall<br /><small>(as in drop)</small>
|c=01|śobäw
|c=03|łăpaw
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 128
! to give
|c=01|ruH
|c=03|rüe
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 129
! to hold<br /><small>(in one's hand)</small>
|c=01|gwiś
|c=03|cwił
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 130
! to squeeze
|c=01| pHliq
|c=03|flie
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 131
! to rub
|c=01|tonenH
|c=03|thăned
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 132
! to wash
|c=01| druq
|c=03|tișrü
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 133
! to wipe
|c=01|ʔiHt
|c=03|ieth
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 134
! to pull
|c=01|śkaw
|c=03|scaw
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 135
! to push
|c=01|Htśaj
|c=03|tsoy
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 136
! to throw
|c=01|tikin
|c=03|tăchin
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 137
! to tie
|c=01|meret
|c=03|măreth
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 138
! to sew
|c=01|kleH
|c=03|clea
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 139
! to count
|c=01|qnoŋ
|c=03|nung
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|
==== 140-159 ====
!  [[w:English|English]]
!c=01|  Proto-Ashanic
!c=03|  [[Shalaian]]
!c=04|  [[Varkun]]
!c=05|  [[Netagin]]
!c=06|  [[Beron]]
!c=07|  [[Sésjallese]]
|-
|i=No| 140
! to say
|c=01|xŋil
|c=03|ngil
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 141
! to sing
|c=01|
|c=03|ngichnur
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 142
! to play
|c=01| dmos
|c=03|tmus
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 143
! to float
|c=01|qexp
|c=03|eaf
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 144
! to flow
|c=01|Hsmin
|c=03|smin
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 145
! to freeze
|c=01|qerbHa
|c=03|răbo
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 146
! to swell
|c=01|ŋnoš
|c=03|cnuș
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 147
! sun
|c=01|nHit
|c=03|nieth
|c=04|niid
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 148
! moon
|c=01|känd
|c=03|chad
|c=04|wereg
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 149
! star
|c=01|askiH
|c=03|scie
|c=04|askii
|c=05|
ekiđđe
|-
|i=No| 150
! water
|c=01|lban
|c=03|blon
|c=04|aabon
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 151
! rain
|c=01|drmaž
|c=03|trămäy
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 152
! river
|c=01|ayak
|c=03|yoch
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 153
! lake
|c=01|
|c=03|păträng (perhaps not reconstructible back to PLak)
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 154
! sea<br /><small>(as in ocean)</small>
|c=01|lkem
|c=03|chlem
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 155
! salt
|c=01|murot
|c=03|măruth
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 156
! stone
|c=01|ketin
|c=03|căthin
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 157
! sand
|c=01|tipis
|c=03|tăfis
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 158
! dust
|c=01|qwimp
|c=03|wib
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 159
! earth<br /><small>(as in soil)</small>
|c=01|isnuh
|c=03|snüe
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|
==== 160-179 ====
!  [[w:English|English]]
!c=01|  Proto-Ashanic
!c=03|  [[Shalaian]]
!c=04|  [[Varkun]]
!c=05|  [[Netagin]]
!c=06|  [[Beron]]
!c=07|  [[Sésjallese]]
|-
|i=No| 160
! cloud
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 161
! fog
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 162
! sky
|c=01|häms
|c=03|häm
|c=04|ham
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 163
! wind<br /><small>(as in breeze)</small>
|c=01|
|c=03|păłoa
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 164
! snow
|c=01|
|c=03| măchup
|c=04| mokub
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 165
! ice
|c=01|tonäm
|c=03|thănam
|c=04|ronam
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 166
! smoke
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 167
! fire
|c=01|säH
|c=03|sä
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 168
! ashes
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 169
! to burn<br /><small>(intransitive)</small>
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 170
! road
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 171
! mountain
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 172
! red
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 173
! green
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 174
! yellow
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 175
! white
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 176
! black
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 177
! night
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 178
! day<br /><small>(daytime)</small>
|c=01|
|c=03|fnüd
|c=04|enfa
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 179
! year
|c=01|
|c=03|lă'och
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|
==== 180-199 ====
!  [[w:English|English]]
!c=01|  Proto-Ashanic
!c=03|  [[Shalaian]]
!c=04|  [[Varkun]]
!c=05|  [[Netagin]]
!c=06|  [[Beron]]
!c=07|  [[Sésjallese]]
|-
|i=No| 180
! warm<br /><small>(as in weather)</small>
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 181
! cold<br /><small>(as in weather)</small>
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 182
! full
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 183
! new
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 184
! old
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 185
! good
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 186
! bad
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 187
! rotten<br /><small>(as, a log) </small>
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 188
! dirty
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 189
! straight
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 190
! round
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 191
! sharp<br /><small>(as a knife)</small>
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 192
! dull<br /><small>(as a knife)</small>
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 193
! smooth
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 194
! wet
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 195
! dry<br /><small>(adjective)</small>
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 196
! right<br /><small>(correct)</small>
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 197
! near
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 198
! far
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 199
! right<br /><small>(side)</small>
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No|
==== 200-207 ====
!  [[w:English|English]]
!c=01|  Proto-Ashanic
!c=03|  [[Shalaian]]
!c=04|  [[Varkun]]
!c=05|  [[Netagin]]
!c=06|  [[Beron]]
!c=07|  [[Sésjallese]]
|-
|i=No| 200
! left<br /><small>(side)</small>
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 201
! at
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 202
! in
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 203
! with<br /><small>(accompanying)</small>
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 204
! and
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 205
! if
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 206
! because
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 207
! name
|c=01|kom
|c=03|''chum''
|c=04|''kom''
|c=05|''kom''
|}
[[Category:Proto-Talmic]][[Category: Swadesh lists]]
{{User:Ceige/Template:Swadesh_list_207_plain|language = [[Siészal]]
{{User:Ceige/Template:Swadesh_list_207_plain|language = [[Siészal]]
|wrd001=''hál'' (informal)
|wrd001=''hál'' (informal)

Revision as of 21:47, 17 June 2020

The following is a comparative Swadesh list for Proto-Idavic and selected Idavic languages.

1-19

 English Proto-Idavic Shalaian Varkun Netagin Beron Sésjallese
1 I *-l, *li- swil hál
2 thou *-d, *di- swid (a); swidi (h) hazj
3 he; she; it fin (a); fer (h) bbil (a)
4 we *-kʷa, kʷi- sowh (ex); swiv (in) háliŋ
5 you *-nidi swiníd hazjiŋ
6 they fikh bbilúr (a)
7 this se se ti
8 that pi fi fi
9 here rădun se, dunse mit
10 there rădun fi, dunfi mif
11 who khora
12 what ra
13 where rădun ra, dura mira
14 when
15 how
16 not diH die dii
17 all car tsor vikhon
18 many imHe mea imee
19 some toj

20-39

 English Proto-Ashanic Shalaian Varkun Netagin Beron Sésjallese
20 few hanib
21 other nătha am
22 one ndHon doan
23 two uHrät rath oorad
24 three atsiw stiw txiv
25 four amsHäk smäch khaag
26 five umsHut müets omøøtx
27 big šir șir khir
28 long ṛbHoŋ bruang aavruu
29 wide ḷgäb glep (expected glap, influenced by clef 'heavy') *awkhab
30 thick baHnog pănuc
31 heavy agleHp clef (expected cleaf, influenced by glep 'wide') akheef
32 small aHdaj doy
33 short ŋäj ngay
34 narrow aclus tslüs
35 thin sret sreth khet
36 woman sǎmeang
37 man
(male) 		noaf rakim
38 person lakof croth wako
39 child
(a youth) 		akHat chäth akaad

40-59

 English Proto-Ashanic Shalaian Varkun Netagin Beron Sésjallese
40 wife
41 husband
42 mother Hama ăma amaa
43 father ep ev
44 animal drHim triem
45 fish tap thof rab
46 bird rHuk rüech
47 dog atäw thaw arav
48 louse cid tsit
49 snake Hlir lier
50 worm ogiŋ ging
51 tree ipsuš spüș
52 forest uskej scey

ukeđđe

53 stick
(of wood) 		bi-tän păthan
54 fruit mHont muad
55 seed draHs troas
56 leaf egnol cnul
57 root qäpand ăfod
58 bark
(of tree) 		eglest cleath
59 flower jär yar xar yär

60-79

 English Proto-Ashanic Shalaian Varkun Netagin Beron Sésjallese
60 grass nrpät năfrath
61 rope besel păsel
62 skin
(of a person) 		minew mănew
63 meat
(as in flesh) 		ṛso răsu
64 blood abreH prea
65 bone ṇwok ăwoch
66 fat
(noun) 		šuŋ șüng
67 egg agrit crith
68 horn mbräž bräy
69 tail beniH pănie
70 feather
(rather not down) 		npsŋä spănga
71 hair ipnäw fnaw
72 head ŋHu ngüe
73 ear aspHel speal
74 eye ṃbit bith
75 nose gṛqi cră'i
76 mouth ŋswak swach twag
77 tooth
(rather not molar) 		ḷkoś gloł
78 tongue edrok troch
79 fingernail śṇdiH łădie

80-99

 English Proto-Ashanic Shalaian Varkun Netagin Beron Sésjallese
80 foot rsob srup
81 leg wämp wab
82 knee muHd? mudH müt
83 hand lpen flen
84 wing ktsaHol chtsual
85 belly msaH smä
86 guts lboH blua
87 neck qnel nel
88 back tome thăme
89 breast doc (Talmic)
90 heart Hros? roz? ruas
91 liver tsaHläw tsălaw
92 to drink ŋxur hür roob
93 to eat crin tsrin
94 to bite lișcoł
95 to suck mej mey
96 to spit mbarH boar
97 to vomit glHus clües
98 to blow
(as wind) 		ksät scath khoo
99 to breathe tsäś tsał

100-119

 English Proto-Ashanic Shalaian Varkun Netagin Beron Sésjallese
100 to laugh täpi tăfi
101 to see dHož tuay
102 to hear
103 to know
(a fact) 		aHdä, nsär da, mot mi snar
104 to think greH crea
105 to smell
(sense odor) 		srua
106 to fear ponäk mot mi fănach
107 to sleep nmHeg tmeac
108 to live mărit faay
109 to die ṛ-tkä răchta
110 to kill šegi șămci
111 to fight bago pgu
112 to hunt
(transitive) 		arkaj răchoy
113 to hit xśer łer
114 to cut Hlen lean
115 to split tomo thămu
116 to stab
(or stick) 		jäst yäth
117 to scratch
(an itch) 		qodar ător
118 to dig modil mătil
119 to swim śämäj łămay

120-139

 English Proto-Ashanic Shalaian Varkun Netagin Beron Sésjallese
120 to fly xlot lut
121 to walk qseHp seaf
122 to come rdel drel
123 to lie
(as on one's side) 		xdal tol
124 to sit Hdor dur
125 to stand Hbläŋ plang
126 to turn
(change direction) 		gmäc crămats
127 to fall
(as in drop) 		śobäw łăpaw
128 to give ruH rüe
129 to hold
(in one's hand) 		gwiś cwił
130 to squeeze pHliq flie
131 to rub tonenH thăned
132 to wash druq tișrü
133 to wipe ʔiHt ieth
134 to pull śkaw scaw
135 to push Htśaj tsoy
136 to throw tikin tăchin
137 to tie meret măreth
138 to sew kleH clea
139 to count qnoŋ nung

140-159

 English Proto-Ashanic Shalaian Varkun Netagin Beron Sésjallese
140 to say xŋil ngil
141 to sing ngichnur
142 to play dmos tmus
143 to float qexp eaf
144 to flow Hsmin smin
145 to freeze qerbHa răbo
146 to swell ŋnoš cnuș
147 sun nHit nieth niid
148 moon känd chad wereg
149 star askiH scie askii

ekiđđe

150 water lban blon aabon
151 rain drmaž trămäy
152 river ayak yoch
153 lake păträng (perhaps not reconstructible back to PLak)
154 sea
(as in ocean) 		lkem chlem
155 salt murot măruth
156 stone ketin căthin
157 sand tipis tăfis
158 dust qwimp wib
159 earth
(as in soil) 		isnuh snüe

160-179

 English Proto-Ashanic Shalaian Varkun Netagin Beron Sésjallese
160 cloud
161 fog
162 sky häms häm ham
163 wind
(as in breeze) 		păłoa
164 snow măchup mokub
165 ice tonäm thănam ronam
166 smoke
167 fire säH sä
168 ashes
169 to burn
(intransitive)
170 road
171 mountain
172 red
173 green
174 yellow
175 white
176 black
177 night
178 day
(daytime) 		fnüd enfa
179 year lă'och

180-199

 English Proto-Ashanic Shalaian Varkun Netagin Beron Sésjallese
180 warm
(as in weather)
181 cold
(as in weather)
182 full
183 new
184 old
185 good
186 bad
187 rotten
(as, a log)
188 dirty
189 straight
190 round
191 sharp
(as a knife)
192 dull
(as a knife)
193 smooth
194 wet
195 dry
(adjective)
196 right
(correct)
197 near
198 far
199 right
(side)

200-207

 English Proto-Ashanic Shalaian Varkun Netagin Beron Sésjallese
200 left
(side)
201 at
202 in
203 with
(accompanying)
204 and
205 if
206 because
207 name kom chum kom kom


No. English Siészal
1 I hál (informal)
2 you (singular) azj (informal)
3 he bbil (animate)
4 we háliŋ (informal)
5 you (plural) azjiŋ (informal)
6 they bbilúrr (animate), bbifusúrr (inanimate)
7 this a-, al (animate), afus (inanimate)
8 that near 2: bbi-, bbil (animate), bbifus (inanimate); distal: ra-, ral (animate), rafus (inanimate)
9 here ató
10 there near 2: bbitó, distal: rató
11 who ssal
12 what which/what kind of X: tjivérr, which of two: hékumm
13 where tjitó
14 when tjihni
15 how tjivérraff
16 not rí-
17 all kkúff
18 many énvah
19 some nnahah
20 few ussíyah
21 other mudu
22 one adj
23 two físj
24 three iyav
25 four ŋuzan
26 five túl
27 big ppallkkah
28 long vvíyah
29 wide llahmah
30 thick xxisjtjah
31 heavy návvah
32 small zjuwah
33 short ésarah
34 narrow kkakkartah
35 thin hŋéyah
36 woman djuŋŋ
37 man (adult male) zzít
38 man (human being) llósj
39 child rakku
40 wife vvúlltja
41 husband yalí
42 mother sjumma
43 father sjudda
44 animal kkalltt
45 fish óra
46 bird híŋ
47 dog nuhl
48 louse haré
49 snake ddúf
50 worm éwsa
51 tree sjayf
52 forest usskk
53 stick ŋadji
54 fruit fédd
55 seed yaxxá
56 leaf dawrr
57 root rróŋgi
58 bark (of a tree) hllandj
59 flower áll
60 grass hédj
61 rope ggarru
62 skin allab
63 meat raŋŋa
64 blood vésji
65 bone tjín
66 fat (noun) hunvi
67 egg kké
68 horn aki
69 tail ffúra
70 feather llayind
71 hair yósj
72 head ssttána
73 ear hóy
74 eye nill
75 nose téha
76 mouth istu
77 tooth sawdj
78 tongue (organ) bbúda
79 fingernail haski
80 foot annddal
81 leg lénd
82 knee rraxtj
83 hand bbár
84 wing tallss
85 belly bré
86 guts ŋŋúli
87 neck zzán
88 back mazar
89 breast ŋihni
90 heart hallan
91 liver rruhar
92 to drink slayah
93 to eat kanah
94 to bite ŋíffah
95 to suck yakkah
96 to spit ttéyah
97 to vomit axxttah
98 to blow hrrágah
99 to breathe yiŋufah
100 to laugh hizrah
101 to see ímah
102 to hear fissttah
103 to know vvandah
104 to think hmáyah
105 to smell ussíyah
106 to fear X-TOPIC Y-NOM kkammayah ( = X fears Y)
107 to sleep kkúyah
108 to live lawrah
109 to die sjtjíŋah
110 to kill hnéddah
111 to fight nóŋah
112 to hunt sjagrah
113 to hit zjikkah
114 to cut xxúsjah
115 to split ssŋŋóhah
116 to stab rráxxah
117 to scratch xxózjah
118 to dig dabbah
119 to swim bbllaxah
120 to fly vrínnah
121 to walk huvvah
122 to come hribah
123 to lie (as in a bed) ggíyah (lie down)
124 to sit ihnah (sit down)
125 to stand ŋúlah (stand up)
126 to turn (intransitive) ayfah
127 to fall zjúzjah
128 to give ttuggah
129 to hold gníffah
130 to squeeze ssrruwah
131 to rub spówah
132 to wash nihrah
133 to wipe sséyah
134 to pull xrahah
135 to push véllah
136 to throw ttnnáyah
137 to tie ffrrítjah
138 to sew mallggah
139 to count nnówah
140 to say sjixxah
141 to sing xxunnddafah
142 to play dahllah
143 to float zjínayah
144 to flow ssaŋŋah
145 to freeze yuŋkah
146 to swell palah
147 sun pass
148 moon kalda
149 star wihnu
150 water rrá
151 rain zérr
152 river briyaŋ
153 lake hédja
154 sea laxxatt
155 salt yawkk
156 stone hŋŋáy
157 sand ŋlimé
158 dust djanu
159 earth vvóll
160 cloud skúdj
161 fog hullál
162 sky lóppu
163 wind djukkarr
164 snow zaŋŋkk
165 ice ddól
166 smoke tlór
167 fire nnay
168 ash ttága
169 to burn léssah
170 road zuhl
171 mountain umm
172 red ppawah
173 green waygah
174 yellow vvrrúwah
175 white éttayah
176 black yuŋgah
177 night ssrrí
178 day zjóll
179 year lahi
180 warm iriyah
181 cold hunnah
182 full zzrrukkuwah
183 new wópiyah
184 old sskkúhah
185 good ŋŋussah
186 bad óffah
187 rotten ttúkuwah
188 dirty hrruzzuwah
189 straight ambéyah
190 round flaŋŋah
191 sharp (as a knife) wésjah
192 dull (as a knife) yuffrrah
193 smooth vvílsjah
194 wet lákkah
195 dry bálah
196 correct waluwah
197 near émmah
198 far ddussnnah
199 right zammu
200 left óttu
201 at -(i)ha, -ih
202 in -arr ffáyih(a)
203 with -tju (nouns), -ínih (clauses)
204 and -tju, -tju tnáxa
205 if -uxxí
206 because -ázz
207 name husj
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