Idavic languages/Swadesh: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 21:51, 17 June 2020
The following is a comparative Swadesh list for Proto-Idavic and selected Idavic languages.
1-19 |
English | Proto-Idavic | Shalaian | Varkun | Netagin | Beron | Sésjallese |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | *-l, *li- | swil | hál | |||
| 2 | thou | *-d, *di- | swid (a); swidi (h) | hazj | |||
| 3 | he; she; it | fin (a); fer (h) | bbil (a) | ||||
| 4 | we | *-kʷa, kʷi- | sowh (ex); swiv (in) | háliŋ | |||
| 5 | you | *-nidi | swínid | hazjiŋ | |||
| 6 | they | fikh | bbilúr (a) | ||||
| 7 | this | se | se | ti | |||
| 8 | that | pi | fi | fi | |||
| 9 | here | rădun se, dunse | mit | ||||
| 10 | there | rădun fi, dunfi | mif | ||||
| 11 | who | khora | |||||
| 12 | what | ra | |||||
| 13 | where | rădun ra, dura | mira | ||||
| 14 | when | ||||||
| 15 | how | ||||||
| 16 | not | diH | die | dii | |||
| 17 | all | car | tsor | vikhon | |||
| 18 | many | imHe | mea | imee | |||
| 19 | some | toj | |||||
20-39 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Shalaian | Varkun | Netagin | Beron | Sésjallese |
| 20 | few | hanib | |||||
| 21 | other | nătha | am | ||||
| 22 | one | ndHon | doan | ||||
| 23 | two | uHrät | rath | oorad | |||
| 24 | three | atsiw | stiw | txiv | |||
| 25 | four | amsHäk | smäch | khaag | |||
| 26 | five | umsHut | müets | omøøtx | |||
| 27 | big | šir | șir | khir | |||
| 28 | long | ṛbHoŋ | bruang | aavruu | |||
| 29 | wide | ḷgäb | glep (expected glap, influenced by clef 'heavy') | *awkhab | |||
| 30 | thick | baHnog | pănuc | ||||
| 31 | heavy | agleHp | clef (expected cleaf, influenced by glep 'wide') | akheef | |||
| 32 | small | aHdaj | doy | ||||
| 33 | short | ŋäj | ngay | ||||
| 34 | narrow | aclus | tslüs | ||||
| 35 | thin | sret | sreth | khet | |||
| 36 | woman | sǎmeang | |||||
| 37 | man (male) |
noaf | rakim | ||||
| 38 | person | lakof | croth | wako | |||
| 39 | child (a youth) |
akHat | chäth | akaad | |||
40-59 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Shalaian | Varkun | Netagin | Beron | Sésjallese |
| 40 | wife | ||||||
| 41 | husband | ||||||
| 42 | mother | Hama | ăma | amaa | |||
| 43 | father | ep | ev | ||||
| 44 | animal | drHim | triem | ||||
| 45 | fish | tap | thof | rab | |||
| 46 | bird | rHuk | rüech | ||||
| 47 | dog | atäw | thaw | arav | |||
| 48 | louse | cid | tsit | ||||
| 49 | snake | Hlir | lier | ||||
| 50 | worm | ogiŋ | ging | ||||
| 51 | tree | ipsuš | spüș | ||||
| 52 | forest | uskej | scey |
ukeđđe | |||
| 53 | stick (of wood) |
bi-tän | păthan | ||||
| 54 | fruit | mHont | muad | ||||
| 55 | seed | draHs | troas | ||||
| 56 | leaf | egnol | cnul | ||||
| 57 | root | qäpand | ăfod | ||||
| 58 | bark (of tree) |
eglest | cleath | ||||
| 59 | flower | jär | yar | xar | yär | ||
60-79 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Shalaian | Varkun | Netagin | Beron | Sésjallese |
| 60 | grass | nrpät | năfrath | ||||
| 61 | rope | besel | păsel | ||||
| 62 | skin (of a person) |
minew | mănew | ||||
| 63 | meat (as in flesh) |
ṛso | răsu | ||||
| 64 | blood | abreH | prea | ||||
| 65 | bone | ṇwok | ăwoch | ||||
| 66 | fat (noun) |
šuŋ | șüng | ||||
| 67 | egg | agrit | crith | ||||
| 68 | horn | mbräž | bräy | ||||
| 69 | tail | beniH | pănie | ||||
| 70 | feather (rather not down) |
npsŋä | spănga | ||||
| 71 | hair | ipnäw | fnaw | ||||
| 72 | head | ŋHu | ngüe | ||||
| 73 | ear | aspHel | speal | ||||
| 74 | eye | ṃbit | bith | ||||
| 75 | nose | gṛqi | cră'i | ||||
| 76 | mouth | ŋswak | swach | twag | |||
| 77 | tooth (rather not molar) |
ḷkoś | gloł | ||||
| 78 | tongue | edrok | troch | ||||
| 79 | fingernail | śṇdiH | łădie | ||||
80-99 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Shalaian | Varkun | Netagin | Beron | Sésjallese |
| 80 | foot | rsob | srup | ||||
| 81 | leg | wämp | wab | ||||
| 82 | knee | muHd? mudH | müt | ||||
| 83 | hand | lpen | flen | ||||
| 84 | wing | ktsaHol | chtsual | ||||
| 85 | belly | msaH | smä | ||||
| 86 | guts | lboH | blua | ||||
| 87 | neck | qnel | nel | ||||
| 88 | back | tome | thăme | ||||
| 89 | breast | doc (Talmic) | |||||
| 90 | heart | Hros? roz? | ruas | ||||
| 91 | liver | tsaHläw | tsălaw | ||||
| 92 | to drink | ŋxur | hür | roob | |||
| 93 | to eat | crin | tsrin | ||||
| 94 | to bite | lișcoł | |||||
| 95 | to suck | mej | mey | ||||
| 96 | to spit | mbarH | boar | ||||
| 97 | to vomit | glHus | clües | ||||
| 98 | to blow (as wind) |
ksät | scath | khoo | |||
| 99 | to breathe | tsäś | tsał | ||||
100-119 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Shalaian | Varkun | Netagin | Beron | Sésjallese |
| 100 | to laugh | täpi | tăfi | ||||
| 101 | to see | dHož | tuay | ||||
| 102 | to hear | ||||||
| 103 | to know (a fact) |
aHdä, nsär | da, mot mi snar | ||||
| 104 | to think | greH | crea | ||||
| 105 | to smell (sense odor) |
srua | |||||
| 106 | to fear | ponäk | mot mi fănach | ||||
| 107 | to sleep | nmHeg | tmeac | ||||
| 108 | to live | mărit | faay | ||||
| 109 | to die | ṛ-tkä | răchta | ||||
| 110 | to kill | šegi | șămci | ||||
| 111 | to fight | bago | pgu | ||||
| 112 | to hunt (transitive) |
arkaj | răchoy | ||||
| 113 | to hit | xśer | łer | ||||
| 114 | to cut | Hlen | lean | ||||
| 115 | to split | tomo | thămu | ||||
| 116 | to stab (or stick) |
jäst | yäth | ||||
| 117 | to scratch (an itch) |
qodar | ător | ||||
| 118 | to dig | modil | mătil | ||||
| 119 | to swim | śämäj | łămay | ||||
120-139 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Shalaian | Varkun | Netagin | Beron | Sésjallese |
| 120 | to fly | xlot | lut | ||||
| 121 | to walk | qseHp | seaf | ||||
| 122 | to come | rdel | drel | ||||
| 123 | to lie (as on one's side) |
xdal | tol | ||||
| 124 | to sit | Hdor | dur | ||||
| 125 | to stand | Hbläŋ | plang | ||||
| 126 | to turn (change direction) |
gmäc | crămats | ||||
| 127 | to fall (as in drop) |
śobäw | łăpaw | ||||
| 128 | to give | ruH | rüe | ||||
| 129 | to hold (in one's hand) |
gwiś | cwił | ||||
| 130 | to squeeze | pHliq | flie | ||||
| 131 | to rub | tonenH | thăned | ||||
| 132 | to wash | druq | tișrü | ||||
| 133 | to wipe | ʔiHt | ieth | ||||
| 134 | to pull | śkaw | scaw | ||||
| 135 | to push | Htśaj | tsoy | ||||
| 136 | to throw | tikin | tăchin | ||||
| 137 | to tie | meret | măreth | ||||
| 138 | to sew | kleH | clea | ||||
| 139 | to count | qnoŋ | nung | ||||
140-159 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Shalaian | Varkun | Netagin | Beron | Sésjallese |
| 140 | to say | xŋil | ngil | ||||
| 141 | to sing | ngichnur | |||||
| 142 | to play | dmos | tmus | ||||
| 143 | to float | qexp | eaf | ||||
| 144 | to flow | Hsmin | smin | ||||
| 145 | to freeze | qerbHa | răbo | ||||
| 146 | to swell | ŋnoš | cnuș | ||||
| 147 | sun | nHit | nieth | niid | |||
| 148 | moon | känd | chad | wereg | |||
| 149 | star | askiH | scie | askii |
ekiđđe | ||
| 150 | water | lban | blon | aabon | |||
| 151 | rain | drmaž | trămäy | ||||
| 152 | river | ayak | yoch | ||||
| 153 | lake | păträng (perhaps not reconstructible back to PLak) | |||||
| 154 | sea (as in ocean) |
lkem | chlem | ||||
| 155 | salt | murot | măruth | ||||
| 156 | stone | ketin | căthin | ||||
| 157 | sand | tipis | tăfis | ||||
| 158 | dust | qwimp | wib | ||||
| 159 | earth (as in soil) |
isnuh | snüe | ||||
160-179 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Shalaian | Varkun | Netagin | Beron | Sésjallese |
| 160 | cloud | ||||||
| 161 | fog | ||||||
| 162 | sky | häms | häm | ham | |||
| 163 | wind (as in breeze) |
păłoa | |||||
| 164 | snow | măchup | mokub | ||||
| 165 | ice | tonäm | thănam | ronam | |||
| 166 | smoke | ||||||
| 167 | fire | säH | sä | ||||
| 168 | ashes | ||||||
| 169 | to burn (intransitive) |
||||||
| 170 | road | ||||||
| 171 | mountain | ||||||
| 172 | red | ||||||
| 173 | green | ||||||
| 174 | yellow | ||||||
| 175 | white | ||||||
| 176 | black | ||||||
| 177 | night | ||||||
| 178 | day (daytime) |
fnüd | enfa | ||||
| 179 | year | lă'och | |||||
180-199 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Shalaian | Varkun | Netagin | Beron | Sésjallese |
| 180 | warm (as in weather) |
||||||
| 181 | cold (as in weather) |
||||||
| 182 | full | ||||||
| 183 | new | ||||||
| 184 | old | ||||||
| 185 | good | ||||||
| 186 | bad | ||||||
| 187 | rotten (as, a log) |
||||||
| 188 | dirty | ||||||
| 189 | straight | ||||||
| 190 | round | ||||||
| 191 | sharp (as a knife) |
||||||
| 192 | dull (as a knife) |
||||||
| 193 | smooth | ||||||
| 194 | wet | ||||||
| 195 | dry (adjective) |
||||||
| 196 | right (correct) |
||||||
| 197 | near | ||||||
| 198 | far | ||||||
| 199 | right (side) |
||||||
200-207 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Shalaian | Varkun | Netagin | Beron | Sésjallese |
| 200 | left (side) |
||||||
| 201 | at | ||||||
| 202 | in | ||||||
| 203 | with (accompanying) |
||||||
| 204 | and | ||||||
| 205 | if | ||||||
| 206 | because | ||||||
| 207 | name | kom | chum | kom | kom |
| No. | English | Siészal |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | hál (informal) |
| 2 | you (singular) | azj (informal) |
| 3 | he | bbil (animate) |
| 4 | we | háliŋ (informal) |
| 5 | you (plural) | azjiŋ (informal) |
| 6 | they | bbilúrr (animate), bbifusúrr (inanimate) |
| 7 | this | a-, al (animate), afus (inanimate) |
| 8 | that | near 2: bbi-, bbil (animate), bbifus (inanimate); distal: ra-, ral (animate), rafus (inanimate) |
| 9 | here | ató |
| 10 | there | near 2: bbitó, distal: rató |
| 11 | who | ssal |
| 12 | what | which/what kind of X: tjivérr, which of two: hékumm |
| 13 | where | tjitó |
| 14 | when | tjihni |
| 15 | how | tjivérraff |
| 16 | not | rí- |
| 17 | all | kkúff |
| 18 | many | énvah |
| 19 | some | nnahah |
| 20 | few | ussíyah |
| 21 | other | mudu |
| 22 | one | adj |
| 23 | two | físj |
| 24 | three | iyav |
| 25 | four | ŋuzan |
| 26 | five | túl |
| 27 | big | ppallkkah |
| 28 | long | vvíyah |
| 29 | wide | llahmah |
| 30 | thick | xxisjtjah |
| 31 | heavy | návvah |
| 32 | small | zjuwah |
| 33 | short | ésarah |
| 34 | narrow | kkakkartah |
| 35 | thin | hŋéyah |
| 36 | woman | djuŋŋ |
| 37 | man (adult male) | zzít |
| 38 | man (human being) | llósj |
| 39 | child | rakku |
| 40 | wife | vvúlltja |
| 41 | husband | yalí |
| 42 | mother | sjumma |
| 43 | father | sjudda |
| 44 | animal | kkalltt |
| 45 | fish | óra |
| 46 | bird | híŋ |
| 47 | dog | nuhl |
| 48 | louse | haré |
| 49 | snake | ddúf |
| 50 | worm | éwsa |
| 51 | tree | sjayf |
| 52 | forest | usskk |
| 53 | stick | ŋadji |
| 54 | fruit | fédd |
| 55 | seed | yaxxá |
| 56 | leaf | dawrr |
| 57 | root | rróŋgi |
| 58 | bark (of a tree) | hllandj |
| 59 | flower | áll |
| 60 | grass | hédj |
| 61 | rope | ggarru |
| 62 | skin | allab |
| 63 | meat | raŋŋa |
| 64 | blood | vésji |
| 65 | bone | tjín |
| 66 | fat (noun) | hunvi |
| 67 | egg | kké |
| 68 | horn | aki |
| 69 | tail | ffúra |
| 70 | feather | llayind |
| 71 | hair | yósj |
| 72 | head | ssttána |
| 73 | ear | hóy |
| 74 | eye | nill |
| 75 | nose | téha |
| 76 | mouth | istu |
| 77 | tooth | sawdj |
| 78 | tongue (organ) | bbúda |
| 79 | fingernail | haski |
| 80 | foot | annddal |
| 81 | leg | lénd |
| 82 | knee | rraxtj |
| 83 | hand | bbár |
| 84 | wing | tallss |
| 85 | belly | bré |
| 86 | guts | ŋŋúli |
| 87 | neck | zzán |
| 88 | back | mazar |
| 89 | breast | ŋihni |
| 90 | heart | hallan |
| 91 | liver | rruhar |
| 92 | to drink | slayah |
| 93 | to eat | kanah |
| 94 | to bite | ŋíffah |
| 95 | to suck | yakkah |
| 96 | to spit | ttéyah |
| 97 | to vomit | axxttah |
| 98 | to blow | hrrágah |
| 99 | to breathe | yiŋufah |
| 100 | to laugh | hizrah |
| 101 | to see | ímah |
| 102 | to hear | fissttah |
| 103 | to know | vvandah |
| 104 | to think | hmáyah |
| 105 | to smell | ussíyah |
| 106 | to fear | X-TOPIC Y-NOM kkammayah ( = X fears Y) |
| 107 | to sleep | kkúyah |
| 108 | to live | lawrah |
| 109 | to die | sjtjíŋah |
| 110 | to kill | hnéddah |
| 111 | to fight | nóŋah |
| 112 | to hunt | sjagrah |
| 113 | to hit | zjikkah |
| 114 | to cut | xxúsjah |
| 115 | to split | ssŋŋóhah |
| 116 | to stab | rráxxah |
| 117 | to scratch | xxózjah |
| 118 | to dig | dabbah |
| 119 | to swim | bbllaxah |
| 120 | to fly | vrínnah |
| 121 | to walk | huvvah |
| 122 | to come | hribah |
| 123 | to lie (as in a bed) | ggíyah (lie down) |
| 124 | to sit | ihnah (sit down) |
| 125 | to stand | ŋúlah (stand up) |
| 126 | to turn (intransitive) | ayfah |
| 127 | to fall | zjúzjah |
| 128 | to give | ttuggah |
| 129 | to hold | gníffah |
| 130 | to squeeze | ssrruwah |
| 131 | to rub | spówah |
| 132 | to wash | nihrah |
| 133 | to wipe | sséyah |
| 134 | to pull | xrahah |
| 135 | to push | véllah |
| 136 | to throw | ttnnáyah |
| 137 | to tie | ffrrítjah |
| 138 | to sew | mallggah |
| 139 | to count | nnówah |
| 140 | to say | sjixxah |
| 141 | to sing | xxunnddafah |
| 142 | to play | dahllah |
| 143 | to float | zjínayah |
| 144 | to flow | ssaŋŋah |
| 145 | to freeze | yuŋkah |
| 146 | to swell | palah |
| 147 | sun | pass |
| 148 | moon | kalda |
| 149 | star | wihnu |
| 150 | water | rrá |
| 151 | rain | zérr |
| 152 | river | briyaŋ |
| 153 | lake | hédja |
| 154 | sea | laxxatt |
| 155 | salt | yawkk |
| 156 | stone | hŋŋáy |
| 157 | sand | ŋlimé |
| 158 | dust | djanu |
| 159 | earth | vvóll |
| 160 | cloud | skúdj |
| 161 | fog | hullál |
| 162 | sky | lóppu |
| 163 | wind | djukkarr |
| 164 | snow | zaŋŋkk |
| 165 | ice | ddól |
| 166 | smoke | tlór |
| 167 | fire | nnay |
| 168 | ash | ttága |
| 169 | to burn | léssah |
| 170 | road | zuhl |
| 171 | mountain | umm |
| 172 | red | ppawah |
| 173 | green | waygah |
| 174 | yellow | vvrrúwah |
| 175 | white | éttayah |
| 176 | black | yuŋgah |
| 177 | night | ssrrí |
| 178 | day | zjóll |
| 179 | year | lahi |
| 180 | warm | iriyah |
| 181 | cold | hunnah |
| 182 | full | zzrrukkuwah |
| 183 | new | wópiyah |
| 184 | old | sskkúhah |
| 185 | good | ŋŋussah |
| 186 | bad | óffah |
| 187 | rotten | ttúkuwah |
| 188 | dirty | hrruzzuwah |
| 189 | straight | ambéyah |
| 190 | round | flaŋŋah |
| 191 | sharp (as a knife) | wésjah |
| 192 | dull (as a knife) | yuffrrah |
| 193 | smooth | vvílsjah |
| 194 | wet | lákkah |
| 195 | dry | bálah |
| 196 | correct | waluwah |
| 197 | near | émmah |
| 198 | far | ddussnnah |
| 199 | right | zammu |
| 200 | left | óttu |
| 201 | at | -(i)ha, -ih |
| 202 | in | -arr ffáyih(a) |
| 203 | with | -tju (nouns), -ínih (clauses) |
| 204 | and | -tju, -tju tnáxa |
| 205 | if | -uxxí |
| 206 | because | -ázz |
| 207 | name | husj |