Vadi: Difference between revisions

Vadi (view source)

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-The ''Širkattarnaft'' was insufficient in representing Vadi phonology and phonotactics, as evidenced by the numerous digraphs, spelling anomalies and irregularities found throughout the texts.  Schumann and Iyyaħmi use two different Romanized systems for glossing purposes.  Schumann's system, devised in the 1970's, is based on a slightly modified version of Spanish, as it is his native language and moreover, he felt the Spanish orthography represented the phonology of Vadi accurately, which was later disproven by both Tashunka and Iyyaħmi.
+The ''Širkattarnaft'' found in the Scriptum, unlike that of the Aħħur materials, was replete by numerous digraphs, spelling anomalies and other irregularities throughout the texts.  The older Romanized orthography, used by Schumann and favoured by traditionalist schools, comes from earlier material developed during early 1960's, before Iyyaħmi's and Tashunka's later systems were developed.
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-!  | Schumann's Romanization
+!  | Traditionalist Romanization System
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 |  a, á, e, é, i, í, o, ó, u, ú, b, p, f, v, d, t, g, k, j, n, m, l, r, z, s, h, w, y
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-Iyyaħmi's publications inside Minhay utilize the ''Širkattarnaft'' to maintain Vadi's historical link with the actual system in the Scriptum, as well as to make it accessible to native Minhast speakers.  However, for international publications, Iyyaħmi developed a separate Romanization system for transcribing Vadi.  This transcription system aims to combine the phonemic goals of the ''Ammerkast'' system with that of the ''Širkattarnaft'' <u>as used by the litigants</u>.  For these reasons, Iyyaħmi calls this the ''Illum'' (bridge) system.
+Iyyaħmi uses devised a new Romanized system for glossing purposes, developed independently of Tashunka.  This system was a compromise system of providing a phonetic representation of the ''Širkattarnaft'' where the litigants used it in the orthodox Minhast manner, while at the same time including the digraphs, spelling anomalies and irregularities the litigants used to represent Vadi phonemes not found in the ''Širkattarnaft'', or to represent cues that a mutation has taken place.  Iyyaħmi's system was inspired by Assyriologists who use a combination of hybrid system employing characters to provide a phonemic representation of Akkadian glyphs for transcribing phonemes, intermixed with a convention of representing Sumerian ideograms, also using Latin characters.
+Within Minhay, Iyyaħmi's publications use the original ''Širkattarnaft'' to maintain Vadi's historical link with the actual system in the Scriptum; the litigants' idiosyncratic use of the 'Širkattarnaft'' is also well known among native Minhast linguists.  However, for international publications, Iyyaħmi uses his Romanized system for transcribing Vadi.  This transcription system aims to combine the phonemic goals of the ''Ammerkast'' system with that of the ''Širkattarnaft'' <u>as used by the litigants</u>.  For these reasons, Iyyaħmi calls this the ''Illum'' (bridge) system.
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 ! Type
-! Phonemes <br/>([[Minhast#Orthography|Ammerkast]])
+! Phonemes <br/>([[Minhast#Orthography|Ammerkast-Derived]])
 ! Romanized <br/> Širkattarnaft <br/> Digraphs
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-Iyyaħmi's system diverges from the Ammerkast system, which was designed to be phonemic.  In fact, "Ammerkast" derives from "Americanist", a phonetic orthographic alternative to IPA widely used in linguistic literature for Native American, Semitic, Sumerian and other ancient Near Eastern languages.  Although Iyyaħmi acknowledges that his modified system breaks the Ammerkast's original purpose to employ a one character-to-sound representation, the modifications map directly to the way the native ''Širkattarnaft'' was used by the Vadi litigants.  The litigants' use of the ''Širkattarnaft'' was quite unorthodox, and part of the reason for this is that they used plenty of digraphs to represent sounds not found in the ''Širkattarnaft'', as well as to indicate consonantal mutations and other sandhi processes that occurred in their language.   Because this orthography maps more closely to how the litigants used the  ''Širkattarnaft'', Iyyaħmi believes it is more suitable in reconstructing Vadi phonology and phonotactics, especially with regards to indicating mutations and other sandhi.  To show sound changes triggered by a stand-alone character or digraph, Iyyaħmi links the stand-alone with a tilde to the word undergoing the sandhi, e.g. ''gu~klay'' /glaɪ/, from the original ''Širkattarnaft'' graphemes ''<gu> <ki><lā><y>'', where the ''<gu>'' grapheme appears separately from the the rest of the word.
+Tashunka incorporated Iyyaħmi new findings on Vadi phonology and phonotactics to an alternate orthography focused on the actual phonetic realization <u>after</u> sandhi processes were applied.  Tashunka's system has become very popular among Vadists, and now the prevailing practice is to present Tashunka's and Iyyaħmi's transcription side by side, the first for its simplicity and focus on the final phonetic realization in a format familiar to many linguists who utilize the Americanist system, and the latter for illustrating underlying mutation and other sandhi processes.  Where mutations occurred, Tashunka makes note of that in his glosses.
-Tashunka developed a different transcription system, also based on the Americanist system.  His system incorporates the phonemes discovered by Iyyaħmi, but he sacrificed the grapheme linkages of Iyyaħmi's system representing consonantal mutations is favour of simplicity and fidelity to the resulting utterance's actual pronunciation.  Where mutations occurred, he made note of that in his glosses.
+The Tashunka system indicates stress with an acute accent, and vowel length by a colon, e.g. ''ta:dévi'' "encroachment".  The complete Tashunka system is represented in the following table:
-The Tashunka system indicates stress with an acute accent, and vowel length by a colon:
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-All three Vadists do employ IPA to represent the actual phonology of the textual material, but even here both Vadists diverge, as the IPA of Iyyaħmi reflects his more recent work on how the ''Širkattarnaft'' was used to represent Vadi phonology and phonotactics, whereas Schumann maintains Iyyaħmi's analyses are problematic, but he is among the minority.  Today, the consensus among Vadists is that Iyyaħmi's analyses are more accurate.  Tashunka's IPA for the most part agrees with Iyyaħmi's; where the two diverge will be noted.
+One phoneme found in Tashunka's system absent in Iyyaħmi's system is /ã/.  In some texts, a certain ideograph, the <MIN> ideogram appears twice in a row followed by the ''Širkattarnaft'' character <'ā> representing the glottal stop followed by a long vowel. In other texts this ideograph is absent, even though the words have the same meaning.  So whether the phoneme /ã/ exists in Vadi phonology remains indeterminate.
+All three Vadists do employ IPA to represent the actual phonology of the textual material, but even here significant divergences often emerge. The IPA of Iyyaħmi reflects his more recent work on how the ''Širkattarnaft'' was used to represent Vadi phonology and phonotactics, and for the most part Tashunka's IPA is concordant with that of Iyyaħmi.  The traditionalist system Schumann  uses is the main source of discordant IPA renditions of the same text.
+whereas Schumann maintains Iyyaħmi's analyses are problematic, but he is among the minority.  Today, the consensus among Vadists is that Iyyaħmi's analyses are more accurate.  Tashunka's IPA for the most part agrees with Iyyaħmi's; where the two diverge will be noted.
 In this article, Tashunka's system will be used alongside Iyyaħmi's romanization, which follows the general practice of Vadists today. Schumann's system, being the older and the less accurate one of the two, when it appears will be noted.