Jaqatil: Difference between revisions
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==Sounds & Letters== | ==Sounds & Letters== | ||
===Consonants=== | |||
<table border=1 cellspacing=0 align=center style="font-size:175%"> | <table border=1 cellspacing=0 align=center style="font-size:175%"> | ||
<tr><td><td>Bilabial<td>Labiodental<td>Dental<td>Postalveolar<td>Palatal<td>Velar<td>Glottal | <tr><td><td>Bilabial<td>Labiodental<td>Dental<td>Postalveolar<td>Palatal<td>Velar<td>Glottal | ||
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<li><b>/v/</b> or <b>/w/</b> are allowed instead of <b>/β/</b>. | <li><b>/v/</b> or <b>/w/</b> are allowed instead of <b>/β/</b>. | ||
<li><b>/tʃ/</b>, <b>/ts/</b> or <b>/ɕ/</b> are allowed instead of <b>/tɕ/</b>. | <li><b>/tʃ/</b>, <b>/ts/</b> or <b>/ɕ/</b> are allowed instead of <b>/tɕ/</b>. | ||
<li>< | <li><b>At the beginning of a word</b> <b>/dʒ/</b>, <b>/dz/</b>, <b>/dʑ/</b>, <b>/ʑ/</b> or <b>/ʒ/</b> are allowed instead of <b>/j/</b>. | ||
<li><b>/h/</b> is interchangeable with <b>/χ/</b>. | <li><b>/h/</b> is interchangeable with <b>/χ/</b>. | ||
<li>In a hard context <b>/q/, /ʁ/ (/ɣ/)</b> are allowed instead of <b>/k/, /g/</b> respectively. | <li>In a hard context <b>/q/, /ʁ/ (/ɣ/)</b> are allowed instead of <b>/k/, /g/</b> respectively. | ||
<li>In a soft context <b>/k<sup>j</sup>/, /g<sup>j</sup>/, /l<sup>j</sup>/</b> are allowed instead of <b>/k/, /g/, /l/</b> respectively. | <li>In a soft context <b>/k<sup>j</sup>/, /g<sup>j</sup>/, /l<sup>j</sup>/</b> are allowed instead of <b>/k/, /g/, /l/</b> respectively. | ||
===Vowels=== | |||
<table border=1 cellspacing=0 align=center> | <table border=1 cellspacing=0 align=center> | ||
<tr><td rowspan=2><td colspan=2>Front<td colspan=2>Back | <tr><td rowspan=2><td colspan=2>Front<td colspan=2>Back | ||
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<tr><td>Open<th>æ<th>œ<th>a<th>o | <tr><td>Open<th>æ<th>œ<th>a<th>o | ||
</table> | </table> | ||
====Characteristics of the vowels==== | |||
<table border=1 cellspacing=0 align=center> | <table border=1 cellspacing=0 align=center> | ||
<tr><td rowspan=2><td colspan=2>Strong<td colspan=2>Weak | <tr><td rowspan=2><td colspan=2>Strong<td colspan=2>Weak | ||
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<tr><td>Soft<th>æ<th>œ<th>i<th>y | <tr><td>Soft<th>æ<th>œ<th>i<th>y | ||
</table> | </table> | ||
====Vowel harmony==== | |||
<p>In a native Jaŋatil word each vowel must be either <b>soft</b> (front) or <b>hard</b> (back). This is | <p>In a native Jaŋatil word each vowel must be either <b>soft</b> (front) or <b>hard</b> (back). This is | ||
called <b>front/back harmony</b>. The same | called <b>front/back harmony</b>. The same | ||
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However, one should round <b>ı, i</b> while speaking if they come immediately | However, one should round <b>ı, i</b> while speaking if they come immediately | ||
after a rounded vowel. | after a rounded vowel. | ||
====Word stress==== | |||
<p>Word stress is <b>always</b> put on the last vowel. But if you | <p>Word stress is <b>always</b> put on the last vowel. But if you | ||
want to emphasize a word then you may stress another syllable. | want to emphasize a word then you may stress another syllable. | ||
===Writing Systems=== | |||
<table border=1 cellspacing=0 align=center> | <table border=1 cellspacing=0 align=center> | ||
<tr><td colspan=3>Latin<td rowspan=2>Cirillic<td rowspan=2>Arabic<td rowspan=2>IPA | <tr><td colspan=3>Latin<td rowspan=2>Cirillic<td rowspan=2>Arabic<td rowspan=2>IPA | ||
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<tr><th>`<th>`<th>`<th>Ъ ъ<th>ء<th>ʔ | <tr><th>`<th>`<th>`<th>Ъ ъ<th>ء<th>ʔ | ||
</table> | </table> | ||
====Writing Examples==== | |||
<table border=1 cellspacing=0 align=center> | <table border=1 cellspacing=0 align=center> | ||
<tr><td colspan=3>Latin<td rowspan=2>Cirillic<td rowspan=2>Arabic<td rowspan=2>IPA<td rowspan=2>Translation | <tr><td colspan=3>Latin<td rowspan=2>Cirillic<td rowspan=2>Arabic<td rowspan=2>IPA<td rowspan=2>Translation | ||
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</table> | </table> | ||
<p> | <p> | ||
==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||
<h2>Pronouns</h2> | <h2>Pronouns</h2> | ||
Revision as of 10:39, 18 January 2021
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
| Yangatil | |
|---|---|
| Jaŋatil | |
| Pronunciation | [/jaŋa'til/] |
| Created by | Yaqatil |
Altaic
| |
What & Why Jaŋatil?
Jaŋatil is a common Turkic language.
Sounds & Letters
Consonants
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
| Plosive | p b | t d | k g | ʔ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fricative | β | f | s z | ʃ | h | ||
| Affricate | tɕ | ||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||
| Trill | r | ||||||
| Approximant | l | j |
- /v/ or /w/ are allowed instead of /β/.
- /tʃ/, /ts/ or /ɕ/ are allowed instead of /tɕ/.
- At the beginning of a word /dʒ/, /dz/, /dʑ/, /ʑ/ or /ʒ/ are allowed instead of /j/.
- /h/ is interchangeable with /χ/.
- In a hard context /q/, /ʁ/ (/ɣ/) are allowed instead of /k/, /g/ respectively.
- In a soft context /kj/, /gj/, /lj/ are allowed instead of /k/, /g/, /l/ respectively.
Vowels
Front Back unrounded rounded unrounded rounded Close i y ɯ u Open æ œ a o Characteristics of the vowels
Strong Weak unrounded rounded unrounded rounded Hard a o ɯ u Soft æ œ i y Vowel harmony
In a native Jaŋatil word each vowel must be either soft (front) or hard (back). This is called front/back harmony. The same is true for loanwords with the exception of letter i — we can combine it not only with the soft e, i, ö, ü but also with the hard a, ı, o, u. Thus any loanword written in the standard Latin alphabet can be borrowed without change.
There is no rounded/unrounded harmony in the written language. Therefore in native words the weak rounded vowels u, ü may only be in the first syllable. However, one should round ı, i while speaking if they come immediately after a rounded vowel.
Word stress
Word stress is always put on the last vowel. But if you want to emphasize a word then you may stress another syllable.
Writing Systems
Latin Cirillic Arabic IPA ASCII Common Rational A a A a A a А а ا a B b B b B b Б б ب b C c C c C c Ч ч چ tɕ D d D d D d Д д د d E e E e  â Е е اِ æ F f F f F f Ф ф ف f G g G g G g Г г گ/ غ g H h H h H h Х х ه h I i İ i Î î И и ىِ/ ـِ i J j J j J j Й й ي/ ج j K k K k K k К к ك/ ق k L l L l L l Л л ل l M m M m M m М м م m N n N n N n Н н ن n O o O o O o О о و o O' o' Ö ö Ô ô Ё ё وِ œ P p P p P p П п پ p Q q Ŋ ŋ Ñ ñ Ң ң ڭ ŋ R r R r R r Р р ر r S s S s S s С с س s T t T t T t Т т ت t U u U u U u У у ـُ u V v Ü ü Û û Ю ю ـُِ y W w W w W w В в ۋ β X x Ş ş Ş ş Ш ш ش ʃ Y y I ı I ı Ы ы ى/ ـ ɯ Z z Z z Z z З з ز z ` ` ` Ъ ъ ء ʔ Writing Examples
Latin Cirillic Arabic IPA Translation ASCII Common Rational tax taş taş таш تاش taʃ stone sekiz sekiz sâkız секиз ساِكىِز /سِاكىز sækiz eight altyncy altıncı altıncı алтынчы التىنچى altɯnt͡ɕɯ sixth Grammar
Pronouns
Who-ness & Whose-ness