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User:Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán/თქარინ: Difference between revisions
→Adjectives
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Any noun can be used as an adjective. | Any noun can be used as an adjective. | ||
Adjectives may, however, be separate items. These often add nuance and are formed by the suffixes -იმ- or -ენ- (the root keeping its desinence). | |||
Adjectives precede the noun they qualify and agree in both number and case. | Adjectives precede the noun they qualify and agree in both number and case. | ||
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Superlatives are formed by adding the prefix სა- to the comparative form. | Superlatives are formed by adding the prefix სა- to the comparative form. | ||
The elative degree, a form that can be used instead of the comparative or superlative (especially if no genuine comparison is being made), is often preferred in spoken language and is formed by adding the prefix ძე- and the suffix -იხ. | |||
From სა- comes the word სახი meaning "most" or "best". | From სა- comes the word სახი meaning "most" or "best". | ||
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Prepositions require the use of one of three cases: accusative, dative or genitive. | Prepositions require the use of one of three cases: accusative, dative or genitive. | ||
Many prepositions may take more than one case. | Many prepositions may take more than one case, some are even take able to take three. In most cases, a change in case indicates motion. | ||
The accusative is usually used to indicate motion towards, the dative location and the genitive motion away from. | The accusative is usually used to indicate motion towards, the dative location and the genitive motion away from. | ||
There are around forty prepositions, at least half a dozen of which are compounds. | |||
==Numerals== | ==Numerals== | ||
All numerals end in -უ and are invariable. That is, with the exception of რიმა, მილიონ and მილიარდ. | All numerals end in -უ and are invariable. That is, with the exception of დეკი, რიმა, მილიონ and მილიარდ (zero, thousand, million and billion). | ||
Numerals are placed before the noun they modify and the noun is never pluralised. | Numerals are placed before the noun they modify and the noun is never pluralised. | ||
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==Pronouns== | ==Pronouns== | ||
===Personal=== | ===Personal=== | ||
:''Not entirely happy with this'' | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | ||
! rowspan="2"| | ! rowspan="2"| | ||
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The role of possessive adjectives is played by prefixes transparently related to their corresponding personal pronouns. | The role of possessive adjectives is played by prefixes transparently related to their corresponding personal pronouns. | ||
:''Or this'' | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | ||
! rowspan="2"| | ! rowspan="2"| | ||
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===Conjugation=== | ===Conjugation=== | ||
:''Don't forget these'' | |||
Verbs do not conjugate for person; they do conjugate for number, tense, mood, aspect and voice. | Verbs do not conjugate for person; they do conjugate for number, tense, mood, aspect and voice. | ||
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This can also convey the auto-benefactive. | This can also convey the auto-benefactive. | ||
===Evidentiality=== | |||
Evidentiality is shown by prefixes. There is a three-way distinction: sensory, inferential, hearsay. | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
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==Lexicon== | ==Lexicon== | ||
:''At the moment I only have around 200-250 roots/words/lemmata'' | |||
Vocabulary lists: | Vocabulary lists: | ||
*Colours | *Colours | ||
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*Small talk | *Small talk | ||
*Breaking the language barrier | *Breaking the language barrier | ||
* | *Numbers and amounts | ||
*Time and dates | |||
*Paperwork | *Paperwork | ||
*Getting around | *Getting around | ||
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*Around town | *Around town | ||
*Interests and entertainment | *Interests and entertainment | ||
*Food | *Food and drink | ||
*At the market | |||
*Shopping | *Shopping | ||
*Health | *Health | ||
*Emergencies | |||
*Idioms | *Idioms | ||
--> | --> | ||
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:'''ვაინ რა ხერინი''' | :'''ვაინ რა ხერინი''' | ||
:ჭენ ჟუყოს გიდიხ ვაინ, ქთი თივა კამუიშ, ხერიმი; სტივა ზუ სი ლარშ ურგამ ვოზომ; პერხივა ზუ სი ლარშ ბეყიმ ფერიმ; რა ქიმ პერხივა ზუ ჰანამ. ძარეხ ვაინ ხერინსი: "პელი ემაცწოროს, ნეჰუ ემ გიდი ჰანამ, ქთი ვომი ხერიმი". ითევიხ ხერინი: "ვაი, ოსკმი: პელი ღეწოროსი მირ ღე იგიდი ჰომ: | :ჭენ ჟუყოს გიდიხ ვაინ, ქთი თივა კამუიშ, ხერიმი; სტივა ზუ სი ლარშ ურგამ ვოზომ; პერხივა ზუ სი ლარშ ბეყიმ ფერიმ; რა ქიმ პერხივა ზუ ჰანამ. ძარეხ ვაინ ხერინსი: "პელი ემაცწოროს, ნეჰუ ემ გიდი ჰანამ, ქთი ვომი ხერიმი". ითევიხ ხერინი: "ვაი, ოსკმი: პელი ღეწოროსი მირ ღე იგიდი ჰომ: სემზგირე ჰანა - ილირადინ - სი მუინშ ვაინშ სხამ შრომ; რა თი ვაი კამუიშ". გაგოსეხ ჰომ, ომბგასიხ ვაინ ჭენ მალომ. | ||