Ilithian: Difference between revisions
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| ( | | -á- > -ou, -(e)je > -í, -je > -ji || ''-va'' || ''-me'' || ''-má'' || ''-vadha'' || ''-madha'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2nd | ! 2nd |
Revision as of 10:45, 20 February 2021
Ilithian | |
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Created by | IlL |
Setting | Verse:Unbegotten |
Indo-European
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Placeholder for Verse:Unbegotten classical language in Russia and Central Asia. It is the liturgical language of (a kind of) Buddhism.
gájati = to sing
tři, tér, tří = 3
četur, četér, četura = 4
Phonology
Consonants: identical to Czech (add bh dh džh ďh, but h < gh), -ḥ = [x] and -ṃ = [ŋ]
Vowels: a e i u á é í ú ej ou áj áu
Pitch accent: Proto-Slavic style?
How far to take e > a? (It helps that Czech is one of the less palatalizing Slavic languages)
Palatals come from iotation or k g before e i (like PSlavic)?
initial e- > je-
Nouns
TODO: Dual
vrk (m.) = wolf | loušná (f.) = moon, month | oušta (n.) = mouth | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | dual | plural | singular | dual | plural | singular | dual | plural | |
Nominative | vrk | vrká | vrké | loušná | loušné | loušnaḥ | oušta | oušté | ouštání |
Genitive | vrkaš | vrkou | vrkou | loušnaḥ | loušnou | loušnou | ouštaš | ouštou | ouštou |
Dative | vrkej | vrkéma | vrkaṃ | loušnáj | loušnáma | loušnáṃ | ouštej | ouštéma | ouštaṃ |
Accusative | vrka | vrká | vrkouḥ | loušnou | loušné | loušnaḥ | oušta | oušté | ouštání |
Ablative | vrkáḥ | vrkéma | vrkaṃ | loušnáḥ | loušnáma | loušnáṃ | ouštáḥ | ouštéma | ouštaṃ |
Instrumental | vrká | vrkéma | vrkéḥ | loušnajá | loušnáma | loušnámi | ouštá | ouštéma | ouštéḥ |
Locative | vrké | vrkou | vrkéš | loušné | loušnou | loušnáš | oušté | ouštou | ouštéš |
Vocative | vrče! | vrká! | vrké! | loušna! | loušné! | loušnáh! | oušte! | oušté! | ouštání! |
agň (m.) = fire | mať (f.) = thought | mař (n.) = sea | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
Nominative | agň | agňé | mať | maťaḥ | mař | maríní |
Genitive | agňéš | agňou | maťéḥ | maťou | mařéš | mařou |
Dative | agňej | agňéṃ | maťáj | maťéṃ | mařej | mařéṃ |
Accusative | agni | agníḥ | mati | matíḥ | mař | maríní |
Ablative | agňéḥ | agňéṃ | maťéḥ | maťéṃ | mařéḥ | mařéṃ |
Instrumental | agní | agňémi | matijá | maťémi | marí | mařémi |
Locative | agňé | agníš | maťé | matíš | mařé | maríš |
Vocative | agňe! | agňé! | maťi! | maťaḥ! | maře! | maríní! |
véju (m.) = wind | džouštú (f.) = meat | madhu (n.) = honey | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
Nominative | véju | véjavé | džouštú | džouštavaḥ | madhu | madhúní |
Genitive | véjouš | véjavou | džouštouḥ | džouštavou | madhouš | madhavou |
Dative | véjavej | véjuṃ | džouštaváj | džouštuṃ | madhavej | madhuṃ |
Accusative | véjú | véjúḥ | džouštú | džouštúḥ | madhu | madhúní |
Ablative | véjouḥ | véjuṃ | džouštouḥ | džouštuṃ | madhouḥ | madhuṃ |
Instrumental | véjú | véjumi | džouštujá | džouštumi | madhú | madhumi |
Locative | véjáu | vejúš | džouštáu | džouštúš | madháu | madhúš |
Vocative | véjou! | véjavé! | džouštou! | džoustavaḥ! | madhou! | madhúní! |
Pronouns
case | 1sg. | 2sg. | 3sg. | 1pl. | 2pl. | 3pl. | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
m. | f. | n. | m. | f. | n. | |||||
nom. | aha | tú | sa | sá | tad | véḥ | júḥ | sí | saḥ | tá |
acc. | ||||||||||
gen. | ||||||||||
dat. | ||||||||||
abl. | ||||||||||
ins. | ||||||||||
loc. |
Demonstratives: ši, ší, šid
Adjectives
Verbs
Affixes
TODO: optative endings
Template:Col-3 Primary endings IndicativeActive | Passive | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1st | -ṃ, -mi | -va | -me | -mé | -vadhé | -madhé |
2nd | -š, -si | -ta | -te | -šé | -tadhé | -dhvé |
3rd | -t | -tou | -nt | -té | -toudhé | -nté |
Template:Col-3 Secondary endings
Indicative
Active | Passive | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1st | -á- > -ou, -(e)je > -í, -je > -ji | -va | -me | -má | -vadha | -madha |
2nd | -ḥ | -ta | -te | -tá | -tadha | -dhva |
3rd | -Ø | -tou | -n | -ta | -toudha | -anta |
Template:Col-3 Imperative endings
Active | Passive | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1st | - | - | - | - | - | - |
2nd | -Ø, -dhi | -ta | -te | -se | -tá | -dhvá |
3rd | -tu | -tou | -ntu | -tá | -toudhá | -antá |
Verb classes
Athematic:
- dáti (to give): dedáṃ, dedáš, dedát, ..., dedánt
- státi (to stand): sestáṃ, sestáš, sestát, ..., sestánt
- dhéti (to put): dedhéṃ, dedhéš, dedhét, ..., dedhént
- bhúti (to be): jesmi, jesi, jest, jsva, jsta, jstou, jsme, jste, jsant
Thematic o/e ablaut: bherti (to carry): (aha) bheraṃ, (tú) bhereš, (sa, sá, taḥ) bheret, (vedá) bherava, (judá) bhereta, (sá, sé, té) bheretou, (véḥ) bherame, (júḥ) bherete, (sí, saḥ, tá) bherant
root: anešti (to get): anešmi, anešši, anešt, anešva, anešta, aneštou, anešme, anešte, anešant
Seṭ-root (ending in a laryngeal) verbs merge into one of the other categories
-eh₂ti: dáráti (to gift): dáráṃ, dáráš, dárát, dáráva, dáráta, dárátou, dáráme, dáráte, dáránt
-yéti, -yeti: džhaďheti (to pray, to request): džhaďheṃ, džhaďheš, džhaďhet, džhaďheva, džhaďheta, džhaďhetou, džhaďheme, džhaďhete, džhaďhent
-éyeti: harejeti (to boil): harejeṃ, hareješ, harejet, harejeva, harejeta, harejetou, harejeme, harejete, harejent
Syntax
Czechmate has unmarked order SOV: 'The woman sings the song' is Džená géman gájat. (Using géman 'song' as an object of gájati 'to sing' implies specificity. 'Sings a (nonspecific) song' would simply be gájat.)
- Džená géman gájat = Onna wa uta wo utau
- Géman gájat džená = Uta wa onna ga utau
Sample text
Czechmate textbook
Lesson 2
Ši vír jest. Vír Vrn rekté, taš vnáman Vrn jest. Ší č džená jest. Džená Ouhaľá rekté. Vrn Ouhaľaḥ pať jest, Ouhaľá č Vrnaš patní. Žmátá jstou. Tíma tří dhéná jsant, súná duhatér č.
This is a man. The man is called Vrn, his name is Vrn. This is a woman. The woman's name is Ouhaľá. Vrn is Ouhaľá's husband, Ouhaľá is his wife. They are married. They have three children, two sons and a daughter.
Schleicher's Fable
Avi ješvé č
Avi, jasmej vlná nébhú, jevidat ješvouḥ: jéva tangu važa vežanti, jéva č maža bhara, jéva č žamana ašu bheranti.