Ilithian: Difference between revisions
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! 3rd | ! 3rd | ||
| ''jebhú'' || ''jebhútou'' || ''jebhún'' | | ''jebhú'' || ''jebhútou'' || ''jebhún'' | ||
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Imperative | |||
{| class="wikitable" border="1" | |||
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!rowspan="2"| | |||
!colspan="3"| Active | |||
!colspan="3"| Passive | |||
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! Singular !! Dual!! Plural | |||
|- | |||
! 1st | |||
| ''-'' || ''bhúva!'' || ''bhúme!'' | |||
|- | |||
! 2nd | |||
| ''bhú! bhúdhi!'' || ''bhúta!'' || ''bhúte!'' | |||
|- | |||
! 3rd | |||
| ''bhútu!'' || ''bhútou!'' || ''bhúntu!'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} |
Revision as of 01:04, 26 February 2021
Ilithian | |
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Created by | IlL |
Setting | Verse:Unbegotten |
Indo-European
|
Placeholder for Verse:Unbegotten classical language in Russia and Central Asia. It is the liturgical language of (a kind of) Buddhism.
gájati = to sing
tři, tér, tří = 3
četur, četér, četura = 4
Phonology
Consonants: identical to Czech (add bh dh džh ďh, but h < gh), but -ḥ = [x]
Vowels: a e i u á é í ú ej ou áj áu
Pitch accent: Proto-Slavic style?
How far to take e > a? (It helps that Czech is one of the less palatalizing Slavic languages)
Palatals come from iotation or k g before e i (like PSlavic)?
initial e- > je-
Nouns
TODO: Dual
vrk (m.) = wolf | loušná (f.) = moon, month | oušta (n.) = mouth | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | dual | plural | singular | dual | plural | singular | dual | plural | |
Nominative | vrk | vrká | vrké | loušná | loušné | loušnaḥ | oušta | oušté | ouštání |
Genitive | vrkaš | vrkou | vrkou | loušnaḥ | loušnou | loušnou | ouštaš | ouštou | ouštou |
Dative | vrkej | vrkéma | vrkam | loušnáj | loušnáma | loušnám | ouštej | ouštéma | ouštam |
Accusative | vrka | vrká | vrkouḥ | loušnou | loušné | loušnaḥ | oušta | oušté | ouštání |
Ablative | vrkáḥ | vrkéma | vrkam | loušnáḥ | loušnáma | loušnám | ouštáḥ | ouštéma | ouštam |
Instrumental | vrká | vrkéma | vrkéḥ | loušnajá | loušnáma | loušnámi | ouštá | ouštéma | ouštéḥ |
Locative | vrké | vrkou | vrkéš | loušné | loušnou | loušnáš | oušté | ouštou | ouštéš |
Vocative | vrče! | vrká! | vrké! | loušna! | loušné! | loušnáh! | oušte! | oušté! | ouštání! |
agň (m.) = fire | mať (f.) = thought | mař (n.) = sea | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
Nominative | agň | agňé | mať | maťaḥ | mař | maríní |
Genitive | agňéš | agňou | maťéḥ | maťou | mařéš | mařou |
Dative | agňej | agňém | maťáj | maťém | mařej | mařém |
Accusative | agni | agníḥ | mati | matíḥ | mař | maríní |
Ablative | agňéḥ | agňém | maťéḥ | maťém | mařéḥ | mařém |
Instrumental | agní | agňémi | matijá | maťémi | marí | mařémi |
Locative | agňé | agníš | maťé | matíš | mařé | maríš |
Vocative | agňe! | agňé! | maťi! | maťaḥ! | maře! | maríní! |
véju (m.) = wind | džouštú (f.) = meat | madhu (n.) = honey | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
Nominative | véju | véjavé | džouštú | džouštavaḥ | madhu | madhúní |
Genitive | véjouš | véjavou | džouštouḥ | džouštavou | madhouš | madhavou |
Dative | véjavej | véjum | džouštaváj | džouštum | madhavej | madhum |
Accusative | véjú | véjúḥ | džouštú | džouštúḥ | madhu | madhúní |
Ablative | véjouḥ | véjum | džouštouḥ | džouštum | madhouḥ | madhum |
Instrumental | véjú | véjumi | džouštujá | džouštumi | madhú | madhumi |
Locative | véjáu | vejúš | džouštáu | džouštúš | madháu | madhúš |
Vocative | véjou! | véjavé! | džouštou! | džoustavaḥ! | madhou! | madhúní! |
Pronouns
case | 1sg. | 2sg. | 3sg. | 1pl. | 2pl. | 3pl. | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
m. | f. | n. | m. | f. | n. | |||||
nom. | aha | tú | sa | sá | tad | véḥ | júḥ | sí | saḥ | tá |
acc. | me | te | ||||||||
gen. | ||||||||||
dat. | ||||||||||
abl. | ||||||||||
ins. | ||||||||||
loc. |
Demonstratives: ši, ší, šid
Adjectives
Verbs
Affixes
TODO: optative endings
Template:Col-3 Primary endings IndicativeActive | Passive | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1st | -m, -mi | -va | -me | -mé | -vadhé | -madhé |
2nd | -š, -si | -ta | -te | -šé | -tadhé | -dhvé |
3rd | -t | -tou | -nt | -té | -toudhé | -nté |
Template:Col-3 Secondary endings
Indicative
Active | Passive | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1st | -á- > -ou, -(e)je > -í, -je > -ji | -va | -me | -má | -vadha | -madha |
2nd | -ḥ | -ta | -te | -tá | -tadha | -dhva |
3rd | -Ø | -tou | -n | -ta | -toudha | -anta |
Template:Col-3 Imperative endings
Active | Passive | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1st | - | - | - | - | - | - |
2nd | -Ø, -dhi | -ta | -te | -se | -tá | -dhvá |
3rd | -tu | -tou | -ntu | -tá | -toudhá | -antá |
Verb classes
Athematic:
- dáti (to give): dedám, dedáš, dedát, ..., dedánt
- státi (to stand): sestám, sestáš, sestát, ..., sestánt
- dhéti (to put): dedhém, dedhéš, dedhét, ..., dedhént
- bhúti (to be): jesmi, jesi, jest, jsva, jsta, jstou, jsme, jste, jsant
Thematic o/e ablaut: bherti (to carry): (aha) bheram, (tú) bhereš, (sa, sá, taḥ) bheret, (vedá) bherava, (judá) bhereta, (sá, sé, té) bheretou, (véḥ) bherame, (júḥ) bherete, (sí, saḥ, tá) bherant
root: anešti (to get): anešmi, anešši, anešt, anešva, anešta, aneštou, anešme, anešte, anešant
Seṭ-root (ending in a laryngeal) verbs merge into one of the other categories
-eh₂ti: dáráti (to gift): dárám, dáráš, dárát, dáráva, dáráta, dárátou, dáráme, dáráte, dáránt
-yéti, -yeti: džeďheti (to pray, to request): džeďhem, džeďheš, džeďhet, džeďheva, džeďheta, džeďhetou, džeďheme, džeďhete, džeďhent
-éyeti: harejeti (to boil): harejem, hareješ, harejet, harejeva, harejeta, harejetou, harejeme, harejete, harejent
á class
Infinitive: šventáti = to worship
Participles:
- šventánť = pres. active participle
- šventán = passive participle
- šventášanť = future active ptcp.
Primary conjugation
Present indicative
Active | Passive | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1st | šventám | šventáva | šventáme | šventámé | šventávadhé | šventámadhé |
2nd | šventáš | šventáta | šventáte | šventášé | šventátadhé | šventádhvé |
3rd | šventát | šventátou | šventánt | šventáté | šventátoudhé | šventánté |
Secondary conjugation
Imperfect indicative
Active | Passive | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1st | ješventou | ješventáva | ješventáme | ješventámá | ješventávadha | ješventámadha |
2nd | ješventáḥ | ješventáta | ješventáte | ješventášá | ješventátadha | ješventádhva |
3rd | ješventá | ješventátou | ješventán | ješventáta | ješventátoudha | ješventánta |
Future indicative
Active | Passive | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1st | šventášam | šventášava | šventášame | šventášamé | šventášavadhé | šventášamadhé |
2nd | šventášaš | šventášata | šventášate | šventášašé | šventášatadhé | šventášadhvé |
3rd | šventášat | šventášatou | šventášant | šventášaté | šventášatoudhé | šventášanté |
Imperative endings
Active | Passive | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1st | - | šventáva! | šventáme! | - | šventává! | šventámadhá! |
2nd | šventá! šventádhi! | šventáta! | šventáte! | šventáse! | šventátá! | šventádhvá! |
3rd | šventátu! | šventátou! | šventántu! | šventátá! | šventátoudhá! | šventántá! |
bhúti 'to be'
Participles:
- present jsanť
- future bhúšanť
Present
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
1st | jesmi | jsva | jsme |
2nd | jesi | jsta | jste |
3rd | jest | jstou | jsant |
Future
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
1st | bhúšam | bhúšava | bhúšame |
2nd | bhúšaš | bhúšata | bhúšate |
3rd | bhúšat | bhúšatou | bhúšant |
Past ipfv.
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
1st | jebhúm | jebhúva | jebhúme |
2nd | jebhúḥ | jebhúta | jebhúte |
3rd | jebhú | jebhútou | jebhún |
Imperative
Active | Passive | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||
1st | - | bhúva! | bhúme! | |||
2nd | bhú! bhúdhi! | bhúta! | bhúte! | |||
3rd | bhútu! | bhútou! | bhúntu! |
Syntax
Czechmate has unmarked order SOV: 'The woman sings the song' is Džená géman gájat. (Using géman 'song' as an object of gájati 'to sing' implies specificity. 'Sings a (nonspecific) song' would simply be gájat.)
- Džená géman gájat = Onna wa uta wo utau
- Géman gájat džená = Uta wa onna ga utau
Sample text
Czechmate textbook
Lesson 2
Ši vír jest. Vír Vrn rekté, taš vnáman Vrn jest. Šíč džená jest. Džená Ouhaľá rekté. Vrn Ouhaľaḥ pať jest, Ouhaľáč Vrnaš patní. Žmátá jstou. Tíma tří dhéná jsant, súná duhatéreč.
This is a man. The man is called Vrn, his name is Vrn. This is a woman. The woman's name is Ouhaľá. Vrn is Ouhaľá's husband, Ouhaľá is his wife. They are married/a couple. They have three children, two sons and a daughter.
Schleicher's Fable
Avi ješvé č
Avi, jasmej vlná nébhú, jevidat ješvouḥ: jéva tangu važa vežanti, jéva č maža bhara, jéva č žamana ašu bheranti.