Naibas: Difference between revisions
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==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Nominal morphology=== | |||
Nouns | Nouns in Naibas have a suffix in almost any possible sentence, unless, for instance, there is a numeral. The definite article is realized as an affix that changes depending on the gender of the word. Words can be masculine, feminine or neuter. | ||
-- | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |||
! | |||
! Suffix | |||
! Plural | |||
! Example | |||
! Translation | |||
|- | |||
| Masculine | |||
| -e | |||
| -ie | |||
| osore - osorie | |||
| the blanket - (the) blankets | |||
|- | |||
| Feminine | |||
| -i | |||
| -o/-ixo | |||
| noixi - noixo | |||
| the pig - (the) pigs | |||
|- | |||
| Neuter | |||
| -a | |||
| -ia | |||
| kaniua - kaniuia | |||
| the tavern - (the) taverns | |||
|} | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
Revision as of 01:08, 28 June 2021
| Naibas | |
|---|---|
| Naibas Naibas kaulas | |
 | |
| Pronunciation | [[nɑɪˈbas̺] [nɑɪˈbas̺ kɑʊˈlas̺]] |
| Created by | puyongechi |
| Date | 2020 |
| Setting | Naiaba |
| Ethnicity | White, Naiabian |
| Native speakers | 90,000,000 (1910) |
Argo-Kigodic
| |
Naibas (IPA: /nɑɪˈbas̺/ or, less frequently, /ˈnai.bɑs̺/. Also Naibas kaulas (IPA: /nɑɪˈbas̺ kɑʊˈlas̺/)) is a Niztanian con-language and the official language of Naiaba, a con-country in West Arguria. It is spoken by approximately 50 million native speakers (1910) and 40 million L2 speakers around the world, being the most spoken Niztanian language, and the second most spoken Argurian language. It is an agglutinative language with an ergative-absolutive alignment and a SOV order. It was created by Reddit user puyongechi in late 2020.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | /m/ |
/n/ | /ɲ/ | /ŋ/ | ||
| Plosive | /p/ /b/ |
/t/ /d/ | /c/ /ɟ/ | /k/ /g/ | /ʔ/ | |
| Affricate | /tʃ/ | |||||
| Fricative | /f/ | /s̻/ | /s̺/ | /ʃ/ | ||
| Approximant | /β/ | /ʝ/ | ||||
| Lateral | /l/ | |||||
| Rhotic | /r/ /ɾ/ |
- /ɲ/ occurs when n- is followed by -i- and another vowel (nia, nie, nio, niu)
- The glottal stop /ʔ/ occurs when a stressed diphthong precedes a stop or when a stressed syllable precedes a palatal plosive (eitto /ˈeiʔ.co/; koddi /ˈkɔʔ.ɟɪ/)
- There is distinction between the three sibilants /s̻/, /s̺/ and /ʃ/.
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | /i/ [ɪ] | /u/ /ɔ/ | |
| Mid | /e/ | [ə] | [o] |
| Open | /a/ | [ɑ] |
- [ɪ], [o] and [ɑ] only occur when i, o and a are unstressed respectively. In some dialects of Naibas, [ʊ] occurs when u is unstressed.
- When e is unstressed and right before a stress, some speakers pronounce [ɪ] and some [ə].
Orthography
| M m | N n | NiV niV | P p | B b | T t | D d | Tt tt | Dd dd | K k | G g |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| /m/ | /n/ | /ɲ/ | /p/ | /b/ | /t/ | /d/ | /c/ | /ɟ/ | /k/ | /g/ |
| Kx kx | F f | S s | Z z | X x | I i | V v | L l | R- r- | -r- -r | |
| /t͡ʃ/ | /f/ | /s̺/ | /s̻/ | /ʃ/ | /ʝ/ | /β/ | /l/ | /r/ | /ɾ/ |
Prosody
Stress
Stress in Naibas follows some logical rules only broken in a few cases, reason why it is very easy to read. Naibas is a stem-stressed language when it comes to adding affixes to a word, that is, case, tense and aspect markers. Most words with more than two syllables place a secondary stress in the syllable that is two places away from the stressed one. In words like aniraz /ˌa.nɪˈɾas̻/ (woman), the last syllable is stressed, so the first syllable receives the secondary stress. Case markers and definite suffixes receive secondary stress too if the last syllable of the word is not stressed, so the word ixtoe /ˈiʃ.toˌe/ (the boy) places the secondary stress in the definite suffix -e.
- Words ending in -n, -l, -r, -s, -z, and -x place the stress in the last syllable (aniraz, ixol, kakun, osor, albes).
- Words ending in vowel, -k, -m or -t place the stress in the penultimate syllable (samak, ixto, inere, gatta, izum).
- Words ending in -u place the stress in the last syllable if they are neuter (kaniu) and in the penultimate if they are masculine (maiddu).
When it comes to adding the definite suffix -e, -i or -a, some words ending in vowel have two possible pronunciations. The word inere (girl), if attached the suffix (inere-i) can be pronounced either /ɪˈne.ɾeɪ/ or /ɪˈne.ɾeˌi/. The same thing happens with masculine words ending in -u (maiddu / maiddu-e: /ˈmaiʔ.ɟwe/ or /ˈmaiʔ.ɟuˌe/ 'beaver') or in -i (koddi / koddi-e: /ˈkɔʔ.ɟje/ or /ˈkɔʔ.ɟiˌe/ 'dog').
Intonation
Phonotactics
- Onset (can be null): /b/, /d/, /f/, /g/, /k/, /c/, /ɟ/, /ʝ/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /ɲ/, /p/, /r/, /s̺/, /s̻/, /ʃ/, /t͡ʃ/, /t/, /β/ (only after a vowel), /l/, /ɾ/, /s̺/ or /s̻/.
- Consonant clusters allowed in onset are: /tɾ/, /dɾ/, /kɾ/, /gɾ/, /pɾ/, /bɾ/, /kl/, /gl/, /pl/, /bl/, /fr/, /fl/
- Nucleus: vowels and diphthongs.
- Coda (can be null): /k/, /t/, /p/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /ʔ/, /f/, /s̺/, /s̻/, /ʃ/, /l/, /ɫ/, /r/, /ɾ/
- Consonant clusters allowed in coda are: /nk/, /lk/, /rk/, /s̺k/, /s̻k/, /ʃk/, /nt/, /lt/, /rt/, /s̺t/, /s̻t/, /ʃt/
Morphology
Nominal morphology
Nouns in Naibas have a suffix in almost any possible sentence, unless, for instance, there is a numeral. The definite article is realized as an affix that changes depending on the gender of the word. Words can be masculine, feminine or neuter.
| Suffix | Plural | Example | Translation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masculine | -e | -ie | osore - osorie | the blanket - (the) blankets |
| Feminine | -i | -o/-ixo | noixi - noixo | the pig - (the) pigs |
| Neuter | -a | -ia | kaniua - kaniuia | the tavern - (the) taverns |