Themsarian/Verbal subparadigms: Difference between revisions
Line 1,558: | Line 1,558: | ||
====''vā́cī́'' - copula==== | ====''vā́cī́'' - copula==== | ||
The copula is highly suppletive. | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible " style="width: 350px; text-align: center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible " style="width: 350px; text-align: center;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 1,651: | Line 1,652: | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible " style="width: 350px; text-align: center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible " style="width: 350px; text-align: center;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="4" | '''Past | !colspan="4" | '''Past imperfective''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!style="width: 50px; "| | !style="width: 50px; "| | ||
Line 1,659: | Line 1,660: | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|1.ex | !|1.ex | ||
| | |yntýn | ||
| | |ýntrid | ||
| | |ýntmi | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|1.in | !|1.in | ||
|''-'' | |''-'' | ||
| | |ýntar | ||
|'' | |''ýntā'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|2 | !|2 | ||
|'' | |''yntýr'' | ||
|'' | |''ýntrith'' | ||
|'' | |''ýntlith'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|3/4.m | !|3/4.m | ||
|'' | |''ýnta'' | ||
|rowspan="2"|'' | |rowspan="2"|''yntarí'' | ||
| | |yntaví | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|3/4.f | !|3/4.f | ||
| | |ýntar | ||
| | |yntatí | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 03:27, 21 June 2014
Semivowel stems
*j-stems
áubiī́ - attack, strike
Imperative | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.in | - | áubivs | áubins |
2 | áubi | áubirs | áubils |
Present | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | áubiī | áubidir | áubima |
1.in | - | áubivse | áubinse |
2 | áubir | áubirse | áubilse |
3/4.m | áubi | áubīr | áubivi |
3/4.f | áubīs | áubiti |
Past perfective | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | áubín | áubisid | áubimi |
1.in | - | áubitar | áubitā |
2 | áubír | áubirith | áubilith |
3/4.m | áubisa | áubisrí | áubisví |
3/4.f | áubisar | áubistí |
Future | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | áubī́n | áubī́dir | áubī́ma |
1.in | - | áubī́vse | áubī́nse |
2 | áubī́r | áubī́rse | áubī́lse |
3/4.m | áubī́ | áubī́ri | áubiī́vi |
3/4.f | áubī́s | áubī́ti |
Jussive | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | áubiī́ | áubirdá | áubimir |
1.in | - | áubivt | áubint |
2 | áubit | áubirt | áubilt |
3/4.m | áubimá | áubīrá | áubiħá |
3/4.f | áubīsá | áubitá |
*w-stems
qervī́ - pack, condense
Imperative | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.in | - | qéruvs | qéruns |
2 | qéry | qérurs | qéruls |
Present | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | qérvī | qérudir | qéruma |
1.in | - | qéruvse | qérunse |
2 | qérur | qérurse | qérulse |
3/4.m | qéry | qervir | qéruvi |
3/4.f | qérvis | qéruti |
Past perfective | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | qerún | qérusid | qérumi |
1.in | - | qérutar | qérutā |
2 | qerúr | qérurith | qérulith |
3/4.m | qérusa | qerusrí | qerusví |
3/4.f | qérusar | qerustí |
Future | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | qervḗn | qervḗdir | qervḗma |
1.in | - | qervḗvse | qervḗnse |
2 | qervḗr | qervḗrse | qervḗlse |
3/4.m | qervḗ | qervḗri | qervḗvi |
3/4.f | qervéis | qervḗti |
Jussive | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | qervī́ | qerurdá | qérumir |
1.in | - | qéruvt | qérunt |
2 | qérut | qérurt | qérult |
3/4.m | qerumá | qervirá | qeruħá |
3/4.f | qervisá | qerutá |
Labial obstruent stems
-vi, -vie- "dissimilates" to -ħi, -ħie-
duobī́ - to be assembled
Coronal obstruent stems
*t-, *d-, *tʰ-, *s-stems
{*t *d *tʰ *s}
- > s / _t
- > r / _d
qvothī́ - shout
Imperative | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.in | - | qvóthyvs | qvóthyns |
2 | qvóth | qvóthyrs | qvóthyls |
Present | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | qvóthī | qvórdir | qvóthma |
1.in | - | qvóthyvse | qvóthynse |
2 | qvóthyr | qvóthyrse | qvóthylse |
3/4.m | qvóthe | qvóthir | qvóthvi |
3/4.f | qvóthis | qvósti |
Past perfective | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | qvothýn | qvóssid | qvóthmi |
1.in | - | qvóstar | qvóstā |
2 | qvothýr | qvóthrith | qvóthlith |
3/4.m | qvóssa | qvosrí | qvosví |
3/4.f | qvóssar | qvostí |
Jussive | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | qvothī́ | qvothyrdá | qvóthmir |
1.in | - | qvóthyvt | qvóthynt |
2 | qvóthyt | qvóthyrt | qvóthylt |
3/4.m | qvothmá | qvothirá | qvothħá |
3/4.f | qvothisá | qvostá |
*z-stems
fáerī́ - interlock, jam
Imperative | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.in | - | fáéryvs | fáéryns |
2 | fáér | fáéryrs | fáéryls |
Present | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | fáérī | fáérdir | fáérma |
1.in | - | fáéryvse | fáérynse |
2 | fáéryr | fáéryrse | fáérylse |
3/4.m | fáére | fáerir | fáérvi |
3/4.f | fáéris | fáésti |
Past perfective | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | fáerýn | fáéssid | fáérmi |
1.in | - | fáéstar | fáéstā |
2 | fáerýr | fáérrith | fáerlith |
3/4.m | fáéssa | fáesrí | fáesví |
3/4.f | fáéssar | fáestí |
Jussive | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | fáerī́ | fáeryrdá | fáérmir |
1.in | - | fáéryvt | fáérynt |
2 | fáeryt | fáéryrt | fáérylt |
3/4.m | fáermá | fáerirá | fáerħá |
3/4.f | fáerisá | fáestá |
*ʒ-stems
néuzī́ - pound, stamp
Imperative | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.in | - | néuryvs | néuzyns |
2 | néuz | néuzyrs | néuzyls |
Present | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | néuzī | néurdir | néurma |
1.in | - | néuryvse | néuzynse |
2 | néuzyr | néuzyrse | néuzylse |
3/4.m | néuze | néuzir | néuzvi |
3/4.f | néuzis | néusti |
Past perfective | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | néuzýn | néussid | néurmi |
1.in | - | néustar | néustā |
2 | néuzýr | néurrith | néurlith |
3/4.m | néussa | néusrí | néusví |
3/4.f | néussar | néustí |
Jussive | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | néuzī́ | néuzyrdá | néurmir |
1.in | - | néuryvt | néuzynt |
2 | néuzyt | néuzyrt | néuzylt |
3/4.m | néurmá | néuzirá | néurħá |
3/4.f | néuzisá | néustá |
*ç- and *ƶ-stems
{*ç, *ƶ}
- > ch / _*C[+coronal +plosive]
- > s / _*C[+coronal +fricative/affricate]
- > [ː~] / _{*ç, *ƶ}
- > th, ð otherwise
rȳthī́ - classify, categorize
Imperative | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.in | - | rȳ̌thyvs | rȳ̌thyns |
2 | rȳ̌th | rȳ̌thyrs | rȳ̌thyls |
Present | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | rȳ̌thī | rȳ̌chdir | rȳ̌thma |
1.in | - | rȳ̌thyvse | rȳ̌thynse |
2 | rȳ̌thyr | rȳ̌thyrse | rȳ̌thylse |
3/4.m | rȳ̌the | rȳ̌thir | rȳ̌thvi |
3/4.f | rȳ̌this | rȳ̌chti |
Past perchective | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | rȳthýn | rȳ̌ssid | rȳ̌thmi |
1.in | - | rȳ̌chtar | rȳ̌chtā |
2 | rȳthýr | rȳ̌thrith | rȳ̌thlith |
3/4.m | rȳ̌ssa | rȳsrí | rȳsví |
3/4.f | rȳ̌ssar | rȳstí |
Jussive | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | rȳthī́ | rȳthyrdá | rȳ̌thmir |
1.in | - | rȳ̌thyvt | rȳ̌thynt |
2 | rȳ̌thyt | rȳ̌thyrt | rȳ̌thylt |
3/4.m | rȳthmá | rȳthirá | rȳthħá |
3/4.f | rȳthisá | rȳchtá |
Velar stems
C[+plosive, +velar] > ch / _d/t/ŧ
g > c / _C[-voiced]
uogī́ - err, miss
Imperative | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.in | - | ǔogyvs | ǔogyns |
2 | ǔog | ǔogyrs | ǔogyls |
Present | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | ǔogī | ǔochdir | ǔogma |
1.in | - | ǔogyvse | ǔogynse |
2 | ǔogyr | ǔogyrse | ǔogylse |
3/4.m | ǔoge | ǔogir | ǔogvi |
3/4.f | ǔogis | ǔochti |
Past perfective | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | uogýn | ǔocsid | ǔogmi |
1.in | - | ǔochtar | ǔochtā |
2 | uogýr | ǔogrith | ǔoglith |
3/4.m | ǔocsa | uocsrí | uocsví |
3/4.f | ǔocsar | uocstí |
Jussive | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | uogī́ | uogyrdá | ǔogmir |
1.in | - | ǔogyvt | ǔogynt |
2 | ǔogyt | ǔogyrt | ǔogylt |
3/4.m | uogmá | uogirá | uogħá |
3/4.f | uogisá | uochtá |
Guttural stems
Radical stems
*q-stems
*ʁ-stems
*qʰ-stems
*ʔ-stems
*ʔ
- > [ː~] / V_CV
- > [~ː] / V_CC
hēseī́ - feel, emote
Imperative | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.in | - | hēsḗvs | hēsḗns |
2 | hēsé | hēsḗrs | hēsḗls |
Present | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | hēséī | hēséddir | hēsémma |
1.in | - | hēsḗvse | hēsḗnse |
2 | hēséyr | hēsḗrse | hēsḗlse |
3/4.m | hēsé | hēséìr | hēsévvi |
3/4.f | hēséìs | hēsétti |
Past perfective | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | hēseýn | hēséssid | hēsémmi |
1.in | - | hēséttar | hēséttā |
2 | hēseýr | hēsérrith | hēséllith |
3/4.m | hēséssa | hēsēsrí | hēsēsví |
3/4.f | hēséssar | hēsēstí |
Future | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | hēseḗn | hēseḗdir | hēseḗma |
1.in | - | hēseḗvse | hēseḗnse |
2 | hēseḗr | hēseḗrse | hēseḗlse |
3/4.m | hēseḗ | hēseḗri | hēseḗvi |
3/4.f | hḗseéis | hḗseḗti |
Jussive | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | hēseī́ | hēsērdá | hēsémmir |
1.in | - | hēsḗvt | hēsḗnt |
2 | hēsḗt | hēsḗrt | hēsḗlt |
3/4.m | hēsemmá | hēseìrá | hēsēħá |
3/4.f | hēseìsá | hēsettá |
*{m, n, l, r}ʔ-stems
*{m, n, l, r}ʔ
- > mp, {n, l, r}t
- > m / _C[+labial +obstruent], {n, l, r} / _C[+coronal +obstruent]
híltī́ - imply, make transparent
Imperative | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.in | - | híltyvs | híltyns |
2 | hílt | híltyrs | híltyls |
Present | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | híltī | híldir | híltma |
1.in | - | híltyvse | híltynse |
2 | híltyr | híltyrse | híltylse |
3/4.m | hílte | híltir | híltvi |
3/4.f | híltis | hílti |
Past perfective | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | híltýn | hílsid | híltmi |
1.in | - | híltar | híltā |
2 | híltýr | híltrith | híltlith |
3/4.m | hílsa | hílsrí | hílsví |
3/4.f | hílsar | hílstí |
Jussive | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | híltī́ | híltyrdá | híltmir |
1.in | - | híltyvt | híltynt |
2 | híltyt | híltyrt | híltylt |
3/4.m | híltmá | híltirá | híltħá |
3/4.f | híltisá | híltá |
h-stems
*h
- > [ː~] / V_C[+fricative]V
- > [~ː] / V_C[otherwise]
bohī́ - measure
Imperative | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.in | - | bō̌vs | bō̌ns |
2 | bō̌ | bō̌rs | bō̌ls |
Present | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | bóhī | bō̌dir | bō̌ma |
1.in | - | bō̌vse | bō̌nse |
2 | bóhyr | bō̌rse | bō̌lse |
3/4.m | bóhe | bóhir | bō̌vi |
3/4.f | bóhis | bō̌ti |
Past perfective | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | bohýn | bóssid | bō̌mi |
1.in | - | bō̌tar | bō̌tā |
2 | bohýr | bō̌rith | bō̌lith |
3/4.m | bóssa | bōsrí | bōsví |
3/4.f | bóssar | bōstí |
Jussive | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | bohī́ | bō̌rdá | bō̌mir |
1.in | - | bō̌vt | bō̌nt |
2 | bō̌t | bō̌rt | bō̌lt |
3/4.m | bōmá | bohirá | bōħá |
3/4.f | bohisá | bōtá |
*{m, n, l, r}h-stems
*{m, n, l, r}h
- > mf, {n, l, r}th
- > m / _C[+labial +obstruent], {n, l, r} / _C[+coronal +obstruent]
inthī́ - lie (be in a supine position)
Imperative | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.in | - | ínthyvs | ínthyns |
2 | ínth | ínthyrs | ínthyls |
Present | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | ínthī | índir | ínthma |
1.in | - | ínthyvse | ínthynse |
2 | ínthyr | ínthyrse | ínthylse |
3/4.m | ínthe | ínthir | ínthvi |
3/4.f | ínthis | ínti |
Past perfective | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | inthýn | ínsid | ínthmi |
1.in | - | íntar | íntā |
2 | inthýr | ínthrith | ínthlith |
3/4.m | ínsa | insrí | insví |
3/4.f | ínsar | instí |
Jussive | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | inthī́ | inthyrdá | ínthmir |
1.in | - | ínthyvt | ínthynt |
2 | ínthyt | ínthyrt | ínthylt |
3/4.m | inthmá | inthirá | inthħá |
3/4.f | inthisá | intá |
Irregular verbs
Suppletive verbs
Suppletive verbs have many monosyllabic forms; in order to compensate for the lack of tonal information other roots were grafted into their paradigms.
vā́cī́ - copula
The copula is highly suppletive.
Imperative | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.in | - | vā́cyvs | vā́cyns |
2 | vā́c | vā́cyrs | vā́cyls |
Present | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | (vā́cī) | (vā́chdir) | (vā́cma) |
1.in | - | (vā́cyvse) | (vā́cynse) |
2 | (vā́cyr) | (vā́cyrse) | (vā́cylse) |
3/4.m | (vā́ce) | (vā́cir) | (vā́cvi) |
3/4.f | (vā́cis) | (vā́chti) |
Past perfective | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | ðín | ðírid | ðími |
1.in | - | ðítar | ðítā |
2 | ðír | ðírith | ðílith |
3/4.m | ðísa | ðisrí | ðisví |
3/4.f | ðísar | ðistí |
Past imperfective | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | yntýn | ýntrid | ýntmi |
1.in | - | ýntar | ýntā |
2 | yntýr | ýntrith | ýntlith |
3/4.m | ýnta | yntarí | yntaví |
3/4.f | ýntar | yntatí |
Jussive | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | vā́cī́ | vā́cyrdá | vā́cmir |
1.in | - | vā́cyvt | vā́cynt |
2 | vā́cyt | vā́cyrt | vā́cylt |
3/4.m | vā́cmá | vā́cirá | vā́cħá |
3/4.f | vā́cisá | vā́chtá |
morī́ - 'exist'
Reduplicating stems
These verbs are reflexes of monosyllabic verbs whose stem originally consisted of consonant clusters with no vowel and was subsequently reduplicated to accommodate tonal patterns. They comprise a few irregular verbs.