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| ==== The Copula ==== | | ==== The Copula ==== |
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| | The Nidâri copula inflects for TAM and polarity: |
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" |
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| |} | | |} |
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| <br/>
| | The copula originates from two roots, ''ba-'' and ''biy-''. The root ''bi-'' is used to form the Future/Irrealis stem, whilst ''ba-'' forms the rest of the TAM stems. Both ''ba-'' and ''biy-'' are cognate with Ín Duári ''bean'', “to sit, be in a sitting position” |
| Unlike the surrounding Peshpeg and Minhast languages, Ín Duári is not a pro-drop language; if an explicit subject or object is dropped, the corresponding pronominal forms must appear. Thus ''Veiţ vara ţin'' is a well-formed sentence. Neither the first person or Class 3 forms may be dropped from a clause, unless their referent noun, or a proxy noun, appears.
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| {{Gloss
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| |phrase = Veiţ vara ţin elir veiţ jora ţin
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| | IPA =
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| | morphemes = veiţ vara ţin elir veiţ jora ţin.
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| | gloss = 1S.NOM see.PST.PRF CL3S.ACC and 1S.NOM smile.PST.PRF CL3S.ACC
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| | translation = I saw her and I smiled at her.
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| }}
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| The non-finite forms inflect for case and number: | |
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| ! Header text !! Header text !! Header text
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| |-
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| | Example || Gerund || Participle
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| | Nominative || Example || Example
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| |-
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| | Example || Example || Example
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| |-
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| | Example || Example || Example
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| | Example || Example || Example
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| | Example || Example || Example
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| | Example || Example || Example
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| | Example || Example || Example
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| | Example || Example || Example
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| | Example || Example || Example
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| | Example || Example || Example
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| |-
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| | Example || Example || Example
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| |}
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| Unlike its relative Nidâri, Ín Duári does not have a negative verbal affix; negation is indicated by the particle ''kel'' which must come before the verb, although other constituents may intervene between the negator and the verb:
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| ''Kel Renviaran evára Anzi renzuiţ Haţlua men Kirmaţanai'' (Renviar did not go to Anzi to kill Wolf Speakers). | |
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| ==Syntax== | | ==Syntax== |