8,577
edits
Chlouvānem/Calendar and time: Difference between revisions
m
→Solar months and seasons
| (8 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
Time expressions in the [[Chlouvānem]] language need understanding of the timekeeping system of the Chlouvānem populations. The '''Chlouvānem calendar''' (''chlǣvānumi | Time expressions in the [[Chlouvānem]] language need understanding of the timekeeping system of the Chlouvānem populations. The '''Chlouvānem calendar''' (''chlǣvānumi lairhaleṃlāṇa'') is a lunisolar calendar and is one of two timekeeping systems used officially on [[Verse:Calémere|Calémere]], the other one being the standard Western calendar used by the majority of nations. Despite being used officially only in four countries (''the [[Verse:Chlouvānem Inquisition|Inquisition]]'', ''Brono'', ''Fathan'', and ''Qualdomailor''), it is the timekeeping system for about 20% of the planet's population, the vast majority in the Inquisition. Furthermore, in many countries of the former Kaiṣamā with a sizable Chlouvānem population (like Soenjŏ-tave or Kŭyŭgwažtow), and to a lesser extent in the rest of Eastern Bloc, it is common to find both calendar systems used at the same time, even though only the Western calendar is official.<br/>The count of years of the Chlouvānem calendar begins with the (mythical) foundation of Lælavāši (Lälawaashi in [[Lällshag]]), a city often cited in Lällshag (the people the Chlouvānem borrowed the calendar from) legends and possibly located near modern Erukamarta. The current year is 3874 (6424<sub>10</sub>). While even the existence of the legendary city of Lælavāši is dubious, year 0, calculated about a thousand years ago by literary scholars, is conveniently close to the accepted beginning of Calémerian Holocene and thus the Lällshag-Chlouvānem calendar can be said to count the years since the birth of civilization. | ||
In this article Chlouvānem names will be used, but the languages of the other countries all follow the same system, often with borrowed Chlouvānem numerals for duodecimal numbers. | In this article Chlouvānem names will be used, but the languages of the other countries all follow the same system, often with borrowed Chlouvānem numerals for duodecimal numbers. | ||
| Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 1 | ! 1 | ||
| '''Pārghuṇai''' || 30 || of the chameleon (''pṛghuṇa'') || <small>1st day:</small> ''(northern) autumn equinox''; ranire | | '''Pārghuṇai''' || 30 || of the chameleon (''pṛghuṇa'') || <small>1st day:</small> ''(northern) autumn equinox''; ranire najaṣrāṇa <small>(Chlouvānem New Year)</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2 | ! 2 | ||
| Line 62: | Line 62: | ||
|} | |} | ||
As a comparison with the Western calendar used in most of the planet, the first day of Pārghuṇai is the one of the first four days (depending on leap years) of the twenty-first Western month; the first day of the Western year is the 21st±2 day of Haunyai. | As a comparison with the Western calendar used in most of the planet, the first day of Pārghuṇai is the one of the first four days (depending on leap years) of the twenty-first Western month; the first day of the Western year is the 21st±2 day of Haunyai. | ||
Certain areas in the Chlouvānem-speaking world use different month names even while speaking Chlouvānem, although it's common to switch to using the standard names while speaking with outsiders. For example, across the Toyubeshian area (the Northern Far East), the following nameset is used (Modern Toyubeshian names given for comparison): | |||
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | |||
| colspan=3 | <strong>Toyubeshian area month names</strong> | |||
|- | |||
! Chlouvānem (standard) !! Chlouvānem (local) !! Modern Toyubeshian | |||
|- | |||
| ''pārghuṇai'' || '''kakišunobi''' || kưxi nắu | |||
|- | |||
| ''gaulkāvi'' || '''tocainobi''' || xét nắu | |||
|- | |||
| ''mālutaivrai'' || '''saṃdanobi''' || sóng nắu | |||
|- | |||
| ''pāṇḍalañši'' || '''jotakinobi''' || jòak nắu | |||
|- | |||
| ''haunyai'' || '''kainobi''' || hơ nắu | |||
|- | |||
| ''laindyai'' || '''hīkaranobi''' || ìkơl nắu | |||
|- | |||
| ''martaṣārī'' || '''tolkašinobi''' || từngse nắu | |||
|- | |||
| ''brausāsena'' || '''yālnobi''' || yeng nắu | |||
|- | |||
| ''uṣraumaṇai'' || '''heyainobi''' || xīe nắu | |||
|- | |||
| ''kīrmadārī'' || '''pūyonobi''' || făip nắu | |||
|- | |||
| ''bhaivyāvammi'' || '''bhaivyāvammi''' || béibáum nắu | |||
|- | |||
| ''rāvaiṣai'' || '''amaunobi''' || gòmu nắu | |||
|- | |||
| ''prātuṣāmī'' || '''baininobi''' || fièn nắu | |||
|- | |||
| ''camirādhās'' || '''camirādhās''' || sứngráx nắu | |||
|} | |||
====Leap days==== | ====Leap days==== | ||
| Line 69: | Line 104: | ||
The lunar element of the Chlouvānem calendar is important in marking the closest equivalent to a week. It should be noted that this division, formerly purely astronomical, is now mostly bureaucratic and does not correspond to astronomical values; therefore solar days and lunar days, as far as the calendar is concerned, are both equal. In the following section, all references to "the moon" refer to ''Hulyā'' (Cer. ''Ašeira''), the greater of the two Calémerian moons. | The lunar element of the Chlouvānem calendar is important in marking the closest equivalent to a week. It should be noted that this division, formerly purely astronomical, is now mostly bureaucratic and does not correspond to astronomical values; therefore solar days and lunar days, as far as the calendar is concerned, are both equal. In the following section, all references to "the moon" refer to ''Hulyā'' (Cer. ''Ašeira''), the greater of the two Calémerian moons. | ||
A lunar month (''hulyāsena'') is a fixed 34-day division parallel to the fourteen solar months described above. Every lunar month is divided in ''lānicunih'' (pl. ''lānicuneyi''), which is the "fixed" 32-hour (28<sub>12</sub>) bureaucratic lunar day (as opposed to '' | A lunar month (''hulyāsena'') is a fixed 34-day division parallel to the fourteen solar months described above. Every lunar month is divided in ''lānicunih'' (pl. ''lānicuneyi''), which is the "fixed" 32-hour (28<sub>12</sub>) bureaucratic lunar day (as opposed to ''ilēṃlairē'', the astronomical lunar day of variable length, which varies between 30 ½ and 33 Calemerian hours), which is equivalent to the solar day, and ''lānicuneyai'' are grouped in two periods called ''lānimpeɂila'' (pl. ''lānimpeɂilai''), each one of 17 days, half of the lunar month. The ''lānimpeɂilai'' are the closest equivalent of a "week" in the Chlouvānem calendar; they are astronomically based on lunar phases, and are called respectively ''chlærlīltāvi'' (from new to full moon) and ''līleñchlæryāvi''. | ||
These divisions - the ''lānimpeɂilai'' - take the place of “weeks” for event schedules: the fifth and eleventh days of each lunar phase are half-rest days, while the sixth, twelfth, and seventeenth are full rest days; the first day of the first, fourth, seventh, and tenth lunar months are also full rest days. | These divisions - the ''lānimpeɂilai'' - take the place of “weeks” for event schedules: the fifth and eleventh days of each lunar phase are half-rest days, while the sixth, twelfth, and seventeenth are full rest days; the first day of the first, fourth, seventh, and tenth lunar months are also full rest days. | ||
| Line 118: | Line 153: | ||
=====Lunar days===== | =====Lunar days===== | ||
Each lunar day has its own name, much like our days of the week. Out of all names, seven are of Chlouvānem origin, two are taken proper names of unknown origin but attested in the ''[[Chlouvānem/Literature#The_Lile.E1.B9.83sasarum|Lileṃsasarum]]'', while all other ones are Lällshag<ref>The four ''-leilē'' days are half-calques, ''leilē'' being the Chlouvānem word for "candle", not of Lällshag origin. ''mån'', ''joune'', ''llashi'', and ''ałane'', also seen in the days immediately preceding them, are the numbers from 1 to 4 in Lällshag.</ref>. | Each lunar day has its own name, much like our days of the week. Out of all names, seven are of Chlouvānem origin, two are taken proper names of unknown origin but attested in the ''[[Chlouvānem/Literature#The_Lile.E1.B9.83sasarum|Lileṃsasarum]]'', while all other ones are Lällshag<ref>The four ''-leilē'' days are half-calques, ''leilē'' being the Chlouvānem word for "candle", not of Lällshag origin. ''mån'', ''joune'', ''llashi'', and ''ałane'', also seen in the days immediately preceding them, are the numbers from 1 to 4 in Lällshag.</ref>. The lunar phases are furthermore divided into three parts each, the first two of six and the last of five days. These divisions are called ''hāsnai'' (sg. ''hāsna'') collectively; the first six days of the phase are the ''ūbhāsna'' (near ''hāsna''), the middle six days are the ''lādhāsna'' (central ''hāsna''), and the last five days are the ''bishāsna'' (far ''hāsna''). | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 199: | Line 234: | ||
=== Days, hours, and shorter times === | === Days, hours, and shorter times === | ||
The (solar) day ('' | The (solar) day (''lairē'') is the base measure of time, which is divided in 28<sub>12</sub> (32<sub>10</sub>) hours (''garaṇa'') — note that there is a separate term for “day” as the part of the 28-hour day with daylight, namely ''hånna'' (the same word that means "sun"). One Calemerian day lasts about 35 hours on Earth.<br/> | ||
These hours are divided in four groups called ''garaṃlāṇa'', each one made of eight hours and corresponding to different times of the day. They are ''yartām'' (morning), ''saṃlallai'' (afternoon, plurale tantum), and ''prājānya'' (evening), and ''lalyā'' (night) — they may be referred to either with these simple names or ''genitive + garaṇai'' (''lalei garaṇai, yartāmi garaṇai'', …). | These hours are divided in four groups called ''garaṃlāṇa'', each one made of eight hours and corresponding to different times of the day. They are ''yartām'' (morning), ''saṃlallai'' (afternoon, plurale tantum), and ''prājānya'' (evening), and ''lalyā'' (night) — they may be referred to either with these simple names or ''genitive + garaṇai'' (''lalei garaṇai, yartāmi garaṇai'', …). | ||
The first hour of ''yartām'' - the morning - is the first one of the whole day (a stark contrast to the Western calendar, where the day begins at midnight and - traditionally - at dusk); every last hour of each garaṃlāṇa has a specific name, respectively ''lalla hånna'' (high[est] sun — colloquially just ''lalla''), ''nīhenā'' (sunset), ''kutīkṣaire hånna'' (lowest sun — colloquially just ''kutīkṣayā''), and ''ājva'' (dawn). For ''lalla'' and ''kutīkṣayā'' there are also the older terms - still used in some areas - '' | The first hour of ''yartām'' - the morning - is the first one of the whole day (a stark contrast to the Western calendar, where the day begins at midnight and - traditionally - at dusk); every last hour of each garaṃlāṇa has a specific name, respectively ''lalla hånna'' (high[est] sun — colloquially just ''lalla''), ''nīhenā'' (sunset), ''kutīkṣaire hånna'' (lowest sun — colloquially just ''kutīkṣayā''), and ''ājva'' (dawn). For ''lalla'' and ''kutīkṣayā'' there are also the older terms - still used in some areas - ''chlærdanyāmita'' (halfpoint of the day) and ''lalyādanyāmita'' (halfpoint of the night) respectively. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 238: | Line 273: | ||
| '''7 of the afternoon''' || saṃlallumi chīcænde || '''7 of the night''' || lalei chīcænde | | '''7 of the afternoon''' || saṃlallumi chīcænde || '''7 of the night''' || lalei chīcænde | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''8 of the afternoon'''<br/>''Sunset'' || saṃlallumi mbulende<br/>'' | | '''8 of the afternoon'''<br/>''Sunset'' || saṃlallumi mbulende<br/>''nīhanā'' || '''8 of the night'''<br/>''Dawn''<br/><small>last of the day</small> || lalei mbulende<br/>''ājva'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
The four ''garaṃlānai'' work roughly like the AM/PM system, thus e.g. hour 17 (19<sub>10</sub>) is normally called hour 3 of the evening.<br/> | The four ''garaṃlānai'' work roughly like the AM/PM system, thus e.g. hour 17 (19<sub>10</sub>) is normally called hour 3 of the evening.<br/> | ||
Time zones, in all areas with the Chlouvānem timekeeping system, depend on the Eastern/Chlouvānem standard for longitudinal measure, which uses as its prime meridian the one of Līlasuṃghāṇa, capital of the Inquisition. It should be noted that, as the Western system uses the meridian of Mánébodin, capital of Ceria, as its prime one<ref>The difference between the two prime meridians is 143º35′11.6586″.</ref>, in the case of two cities on the same meridian but using the two different standards, the one using the Eastern system is (in Chlouvānem time) 16<sub>12</sub> railai (18<sub>10</sub>) and 8 namišenī behind - about 10 minutes and 56 seconds in time of Earth (this difference is not precisely solar but established by law between Eastern and Western countries - a single time zone ideally spans 11º15’).<br/>In international contexts, the Chlouvānem time zones are depicted as being +53′40″ (+45′34″<sub>12</sub>) on the preceding Cerian time zone (for example the country of New | Time zones, in all areas with the Chlouvānem timekeeping system, depend on the Eastern/Chlouvānem standard for longitudinal measure, which uses as its prime meridian the one of Līlasuṃghāṇa, capital of the Inquisition. It should be noted that, as the Western system uses the meridian of Mánébodin, capital of Ceria, as its prime one<ref>The difference between the two prime meridians is 143º35′11.6586″.</ref>, in the case of two cities on the same meridian but using the two different standards, the one using the Eastern system is (in Chlouvānem time) 16<sub>12</sub> railai (18<sub>10</sub>) and 8 namišenī behind - about 10 minutes and 56 seconds in time of Earth (this difference is not precisely solar but established by law between Eastern and Western countries - a single time zone ideally spans 11º15’).<br/>In international contexts, the Chlouvānem time zones are depicted as being +53′40″ (+45′34″<sub>12</sub>) on the preceding Cerian time zone (for example the country of New Ézélonía is in time zone CER+15 (geographically spanning more) while the Chlouvānem diocese of Bivarteloga just south of it is noted as being in time zone CER+14:53′40″<sub>10</sub>. In official contexts in the Inquisition (as well as in Brono, Fathan, and iKalurilut), Bivarteloga diocese is in time zone LIL+2, while New Ézélonía is noted as being in time zone LIL+2:16′08″<sub>12</sub>. | ||
Every hour is then divided (in an internationally agreed, Calémerian-wide, standard) in 60 (72<sub>10</sub>) timeframes called ''raila'' (pl. ''railai''), each one of about 54.6805 seconds of Earth; in common use in the Inquisition they are most commonly grouped into three double dozens (''hælmāmya'', pl. ''-māmyai''), each one of 20 (24<sub>10</sub>) railai. | Every hour is then divided (in an internationally agreed, Calémerian-wide, standard) in 60 (72<sub>10</sub>) timeframes called ''raila'' (pl. ''railai''), each one of about 54.6805 seconds of Earth; in common use in the Inquisition they are most commonly grouped into three double dozens (''hælmāmya'', pl. ''-māmyai''), each one of 20 (24<sub>10</sub>) railai. | ||
| Line 292: | Line 327: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! bīs !! <small>Essive (both nouns)</small> | ! bīs !! <small>Essive (both nouns)</small> | ||
| between; from ... until || '''šurājęs nyūramyęs bīs''' between Šurājah and | | between; from ... until || '''šurājęs nyūramyęs bīs''' between Šurājah and Nyūramyah | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 348: | Line 383: | ||
The head of formal letters uses the first format (though written with numbers) and, obligatorily, the name of the day, e.g. ''3871-i uṣraumaṇāyi Ɛ-de : līšabganā''. | The head of formal letters uses the first format (though written with numbers) and, obligatorily, the name of the day, e.g. ''3871-i uṣraumaṇāyi Ɛ-de : līšabganā''. | ||
Common abbreviations (using the same example date as above) include e.g. 3871-4-Ɛ, | Common abbreviations (using the same example date as above) include e.g. 3871-4-Ɛ, 3871h4aƐl (with ''h'' standing for ''heirah'' (year), ''a'' for ''asena'' (month), and ''l'' for ''lairē'' (day)), lšb: 3871-4-Ɛ (the most common in short format dates, i.e. like the first but including the day), or even Ch2: 3871-4-Ɛ (as ''līšabganā'' is the second day of ''chlærlīltāvi''). | ||
=== Telling the time === | === Telling the time === | ||