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Peshpeg: Difference between revisions
→Synthetic Verbs
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====Synthetic Verbs==== | ====Synthetic Verbs==== | ||
Unlike compound verbs, which require two separate verbs, an auxiliary verb plus a verb root, synthetic verbs encode all verbal inflections on the verb root itself. Synthetic verbs are conservative, preserving the original Peshpeg verbal paradigms. Nevertheless, they represent the minority of verbs. Moreover, synthetic verbs are typically semantically [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_verb "light" verbs]. | Unlike compound verbs, which require two separate verbs, an auxiliary verb plus a verb root, synthetic verbs encode all verbal inflections on the verb root itself. Synthetic verbs are conservative, preserving the original Peshpeg verbal paradigms. Nevertheless, they represent the minority of verbs. Moreover, most synthetic verbs are typically semantically [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_verb "light" verbs]. | ||
Three tenses are distinguished: present (unmarked), past (marked with the prefix ''i-''), and future (prefix ''ta-''). Aspect marking is distinguished by null-marking for the perfect, and the prefix ''dal-'' for the imperfect. The prefixes show vowel harmony with the first vowel of the verb root. | Three tenses are distinguished: present (unmarked), past (marked with the prefix ''i-''), and future (prefix ''ta-''). Aspect marking is distinguished by null-marking for the perfect, and the prefix ''dal-'' for the imperfect. The prefixes show vowel harmony with the first vowel of the verb root. | ||
The suffix ''-dak'' derives infinitives, used mainly to serve as the verb of a purposive clause | The suffix ''-dak'' derives infinitives, used mainly to serve as the verb of a purposive clause. They inherit the tense and aspect of the verb of their matrix clause: | ||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase = Kogan voridak Kodzorin iru. | |phrase = Kogan voridak Kodzorin iru. | ||
| IPA = | | IPA = /'kogan 'voɾɪdak 'kodzoɾɪn ɪ'ɾu/ | ||
| morphemes = kogan vori-dak kodzorin i-ru | | morphemes = kogan vori-dak kodzorin i-ru | ||
| gloss = deer.CL2 hunt-INF hammer_CL1.NOM PST.CL1-go | | gloss = deer.CL2 hunt-INF hammer_CL1.NOM PST.CL1-go | ||
| translation = Kodzorin went out to hunt deer (lit. "In order to hunt deer, Kodzorin went out") | | translation = Kodzorin went out to hunt deer (lit. "In order to hunt deer, Kodzorin went out") | ||
}} | }} | ||
Infinitives may also serve as verbal nouns, falling under Class III: | |||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||