Peshpeg: Difference between revisions

Peshpeg (view source)

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 The nominal system is divided into a three-way declension system based on natural gender, animacy, and countability and concreteness.  The declension system underlies Peshpeg's unusual split-ergative alignment system.  Unlike other split systems, which either display tense-aspect based ergative marking (e.g. Hindi and most Indic languages), or pronominal-based splits (e.g. Minhast and Dyirbal), Peshpeg applies nominative-accusative and ergative-absolutive marking based on noun class.  This noun class system is based on an animacy hierarchy.  Class I nouns, ranked as the most animate in the animacy hierarchy, takes nominative-accusative marking, whilst Class II nouns, which lie lower in the animacy hierarchy, take ergative-absolutive marking.  The final group of nouns, falling under Class III, receive no overt marking and therefore show direct alignment as these nouns fall lowest in the animacy hierarchical spectrum.
-Verbs fall under two broad classes.  One class, which is partially or fully synthetic, derives from an older system.  These verbs are usually high-frequency words, such as ''ru'' ("to go").  The other verb class involves a construction based on an unmarked verbal noun and an auxiliary which takes person, tense, and aspect marking.
+Verbs fall under two broad classes.  One class, which is partially or fully synthetic, derives from an older system.  These verbs are usually high-frequency words, such as ''ru'' ("to go").  The other verb class involves a periphrastic construction based on an unmarked verbal noun followed by an auxiliary verb which takes person, tense, and aspect marking.
-Adjectives typically do not take case or number marking, but derive them from their noun head.  They typically follow the noun head and are take the suffix ''-em'' if followed by another noun phrase.  If followed by a verb-auxiliary construct, however, the adjective precedes their head, joined to it by the particle ''mon'', argued by some linguists to be etymologically related to the Minhast connective ''min''.
+Adjectives take minimal inflection, based on its position relative to its noun head.  A suffix ''-em'' simply indicates the adjective is dependent on another element, and appears when the adjective follows its head.  Interestingly, if a periphrastic verb  construction appears immediately after the adjective, the adjective is displaced and must appear before its noun head.  A connective ''mon'' surfaces between the pre-nominal adjective and its noun.
 Particles are uninflected words, a lexically broad collection which include adverbs, negators, discourse markers, and various syntactic operators.