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Peshpeg: Difference between revisions
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→Noun Classes
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*Class I nouns, | *Class I nouns, | ||
# | #Morphologically follow a nominative-accusative pattern, marking accusative arguments with the suffixes ''-jor/-jomu''. | ||
#These nouns occupy the topmost level of the animacy hierarchy. | |||
#Typically are male humans, or consist of nouns that are associated with male attributes, particularly weapons. Divinities, supernatural events, wolves, horses, and moving bodies of water also fall within this class. | #Typically are male humans, or consist of nouns that are associated with male attributes, particularly weapons. Divinities, supernatural events, wolves, horses, and moving bodies of water also fall within this class. | ||
*Class II nouns | *Class II nouns | ||
# | #Morphologically follow an ergative-absolutive pattern: they take the ergative ''-du/-dumu'' markers, and null-marking for the absolutive | ||
#Follow along biological gender for female humans, and neuter animate count nouns, animals, except reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Some inanimate nouns are also found in this category, such as trees, household items e.g. ''tonkul'' "crockpot", or farming implements, e.g. ''vulpat'' "hoe". | #These nouns are lower in the animacy hierarchy than the Class I nouns, but can still express agency and thus occupy the middle level of the animacy hierarchy. | ||
#Follow along biological gender for female humans, and neuter animate count nouns, animals, except reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Some prototypically inanimate nouns are also found in this category, such as trees, household items e.g. ''tonkul'' "crockpot", or farming implements, e.g. ''vulpat'' "hoe". | |||
*Class III nouns | *Class III nouns | ||
# | #These nouns occupy the lowest level in the animacy hierarchy | ||
#Take no marking for case or number. | #Take no marking for case or number. | ||
#Nouns falling in this class include certain body parts, non-mammalian/non-avian animals, most plants, mass nouns, inanimate objects, and abstract nouns. | #Nouns falling in this class include certain body parts, non-mammalian/non-avian animals, most plants, mass nouns, inanimate objects, and abstract nouns. | ||