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==Nouns== | ==Nouns== | ||
In some ways declension has simplified: | In some ways declension has simplified: Modern Togarmite has lost grammatical gender. The construct state has been lost, and the Old Togarmite definite state ''ʔan-'' has been reanalyzed as a separate definite article ''yn''. ''Yn'' becomes ''ym'' before /m f v p=/. | ||
However, declension has become more complicated in other ways. For example, Modern Togarmite has innovated more declension paradigms. | However, declension has become more complicated in other ways. For example, Modern Togarmite has innovated more declension paradigms. | ||
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|+ '' | |+ ''kalv'' 'dog' | ||
! || singular || plural | ! || singular || plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
! indefinite | ! indefinite | ||
| '' | | ''kalv'' || 'klav'''i''''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|+'' | |+''Tėrmi'' 'Togarmite' | ||
! || singular || plural | ! || singular || plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
! indefinite | ! indefinite | ||
| '' | | ''Tėrm'''i''''' || ''Tėrm'''in''''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
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===Former feminines=== | ===Former feminines=== | ||
This class consists of nouns that were feminine in Old Togarmite, which typically end in ''-t | This class consists of nouns that were feminine in Old Togarmite, which typically end in ''-t'' and take a plural in ''-ėt'': | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|+'' | |+''frit'' 'fruit' | ||
! || singular || plural | ! || singular || plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
! indefinite | ! indefinite | ||
| '' | | ''frir'' || ''frij'''ėt''''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|+'' | |+''γalt'' 'door' (altered from *ðalt) | ||
! || singular || plural | ! || singular || plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
! indefinite | ! indefinite | ||
| '' | | ''γalt'' || ''γlat'''ėt''''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|+'' | |+''tyktøvt'' 'document' | ||
! || singular || plural | ! || singular || plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
! indefinite | ! indefinite | ||
| '' | | ''tyktøvt'' || ''tyktøv'''ėt''''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
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These are mainly Greek and Aramaic words. | These are mainly Greek and Aramaic words. | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|+'' | |+''aboloža'' 'excuse (pretext)' | ||
! || singular || plural | ! || singular || plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
! indefinite | ! indefinite | ||
| '' | | ''abolož'''a''''' || ''abolož'''es''''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
Greek ending in ''-ma'' can have a plural in ''- | Greek ending in ''-ma'' can have a plural in ''-mada'': | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|+'' | |+''tėma'' 'topic' | ||
! || singular || plural | ! || singular || plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
! indefinite | ! indefinite | ||
| '' | | ''tėm'''a''''' || ''tėm'''es''''' / ''tėm'''ada''''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|+'' | |+''heda'' 'sin' | ||
! || singular || plural | ! || singular || plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
! indefinite | ! indefinite | ||
| '' | | ''hed'''a''''' || ''hed'''es''''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== Irregulars === | === Irregulars === | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|+'' | |+''vennės'' 'human' | ||
! || singular || plural | ! || singular || plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
! indefinite | ! indefinite | ||
| '' | | ''vennės'' || ''nės'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
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