Themsarian/Verbal subparadigms: Difference between revisions
m (→Regular verbs) |
m (→Regular verbs) |
||
Line 12: | Line 12: | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|1.ex | !|1.ex | ||
|''mólīn, mólī(n)<sup>1</sup>-''<br/>''irḗdain, irēdai(n)<sup>1</sup>-''<br/>'' | |''mólīn, mólī(n)<sup>1</sup>-''<br/>''irḗdain, irēdai(n)<sup>1</sup>-''<br/>''gā́lein, gā́lei(n)<sup>1</sup>-'' | ||
|''móldir, móldir-''<br/>''irēdádir, irēdadir-''<br/>'' | |''móldir, móldir-''<br/>''irēdádir, irēdadir-''<br/>''gā́lédir, gā́ledir-'' | ||
|''mólmi, mólmī-''<br/>''irēdámi, irēdamī-''<br/>'' | |''mólmi, mólmī-''<br/>''irēdámi, irēdamī-''<br/>''gā́lémi, gā́lemī-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|1.in | !|1.in | ||
|''-'' | |''-'' | ||
|''mólyvse, mólyvse-''<br/>''irēdávse, irēdavse-''<br/>'' | |''mólyvse, mólyvse-''<br/>''irēdávse, irēdavse-''<br/>''gā́lévse, gā́levse-'' | ||
|''mólynse, mólynse-''<br/>''irēdánse, irēdanse-''<br/>'' | |''mólynse, mólynse-''<br/>''irēdánse, irēdanse-''<br/>''gā́lénse, gā́lense-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|2 | !|2 | ||
|''mólyr, mólyr-''<br/>''irḗdar, irēdar-''<br/>'' | |''mólyr, mólyr-''<br/>''irḗdar, irēdar-''<br/>''gā́ler, gā́ler-'' | ||
|''mólyrse, mólyrse-''<br/>''irēdárse, irēdarse-''<br/>'' | |''mólyrse, mólyrse-''<br/>''irēdárse, irēdarse-''<br/>''gā́lérse, gā́lerse-'' | ||
|''mólylse, mólylse-''<br/>''irēdálse, irēdalse-''<br/>'' | |''mólylse, mólylse-''<br/>''irēdálse, irēdalse-''<br/>''gā́lélse, gā́lelse-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|3.m | !|3.m | ||
|''mólym, mólm-''<br/>''irḗdam, irēdam-''<br/>'' | |''mólym, mólm-''<br/>''irḗdam, irēdam-''<br/>''gā́lem, gā́lem-'' | ||
|rowspan="2"|''mólir, móliri-''<br/>''irēd́air, irēdairi-''<br/>'' | |rowspan="2"|''mólir, móliri-''<br/>''irēd́air, irēdairi-''<br/>''gā́leir, gā́leiri-'' | ||
|''mólvi, mólvie-''<br/>''irēdávi, irēdavie-''<br/>'' | |''mólvi, mólvie-''<br/>''irēdávi, irēdavie-''<br/>''gā́lévi, gā́levie-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|3.f | !|3.f | ||
|''mólis, mólisi-''<br/>''irḗdais, irēdaisi-''<br/>'' | |''mólis, mólisi-''<br/>''irḗdais, irēdaisi-''<br/>''gā́leis, gā́leisi-'' | ||
|''mólti, móltie-''<br/>''irēdáti, irēdatie-''<br/>'' | |''mólti, móltie-''<br/>''irēdáti, irēdatie-''<br/>''gā́léti, gā́letie-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="4" | Imperfect | !colspan="4" | Imperfect | ||
Line 47: | Line 47: | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|1.ex | !|1.ex | ||
|''mólýn, mólýn-''<br/>''irēdán, irēdán-''<br/>'' | |''mólýn, mólýn-''<br/>''irēdán, irēdán-''<br/>''gā́lén, gā́lén-'' | ||
|''mólmor, mólmor-''<br/>''irēdámor, irēdamor-''<br/>'' | |''mólmor, mólmor-''<br/>''irēdámor, irēdamor-''<br/>''gā́lémor, gā́lemor-'' | ||
|''mólmā, mólmā-''<br/>''irēdámā, irēdamā-''<br/>'' | |''mólmā, mólmā-''<br/>''irēdámā, irēdamā-''<br/>''gā́lémā, gā́lemā-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|1.in | !|1.in | ||
|''-'' | |''-'' | ||
|''móltor, móltor-''<br/>''irēdátor, irēdator-''<br/>'' | |''móltor, móltor-''<br/>''irēdátor, irēdator-''<br/>''gā́létor, gā́letor-'' | ||
|''móltā, móltā-''<br/>''irēdátā, irēdatā-''<br/>'' | |''móltā, móltā-''<br/>''irēdátā, irēdatā-''<br/>''gā́létā, gā́letā-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|2 | !|2 | ||
|''mólýr, mólýr-''<br/>''irēdár, irēdár-''<br/>'' | |''mólýr, mólýr-''<br/>''irēdár, irēdár-''<br/>''gā́lér, gā́lér-'' | ||
|''mólyrith, mólyrith-''<br/>''irēdárith, irēdarith-''<br/>'' | |''mólyrith, mólyrith-''<br/>''irēdárith, irēdarith-''<br/>''gā́lérith, gā́lerith-'' | ||
|''mólylis, mólylis-''<br/>''irēdális, irēdalis-''<br/>'' | |''mólylis, mólylis-''<br/>''irēdális, irēdalis-''<br/>''gā́lélis, gā́lelis-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|3.m | !|3.m | ||
|''móla, mólam-''<br/>''irḗdā, irḗdām-''<br/>'' | |''móla, mólam-''<br/>''irḗdā, irḗdām-''<br/>''gā́lea, gā́leam-'' | ||
|rowspan="2"|''mólarí, mólaríe-''<br/>''irēdārí, irēdāríe-''<br/>'' | |rowspan="2"|''mólarí, mólaríe-''<br/>''irēdārí, irēdāríe-''<br/>''gā́learí, gā́learíe-'' | ||
|''mólaví, mólavíe-''<br/>''irēdāví, irēdāvíe-''<br/>'' | |''mólaví, mólavíe-''<br/>''irēdāví, irēdāvíe-''<br/>''gā́leaví, gā́leavíe-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|3.f | !|3.f | ||
|''mólar, mólar-''<br/>''irḗdār, irḗdār-''<br/>'' | |''mólar, mólar-''<br/>''irḗdār, irḗdār-''<br/>''gā́lear, gā́lear-'' | ||
|''mólatí, mólatíe-''<br/>''irēdātí, irēdātíe-''<br/>'' | |''mólatí, mólatíe-''<br/>''irēdātí, irēdātíe-''<br/>''gā́leatí, gā́leatíe-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="4" | Future | !colspan="4" | Future | ||
Line 78: | Line 78: | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|1.ex | !|1.ex | ||
|''mólḗn, mólḗn-''<br/>''irēdā́n, irēdā́n-''<br/>'' | |''mólḗn, mólḗn-''<br/>''irēdā́n, irēdā́n-''<br/>''gā́líen, gā́líen-'' | ||
|''mólḗdir, mólḗdir-''<br/>''irēdā́dir, irēdā́dir-''<br/>'' | |''mólḗdir, mólḗdir-''<br/>''irēdā́dir, irēdā́dir-''<br/>''gā́líedir, gā́líedir-'' | ||
|''mólḗmi, mólḗmī-''<br/>''irēdā́mi, irēdā́mi-''<br/>'' | |''mólḗmi, mólḗmī-''<br/>''irēdā́mi, irēdā́mi-''<br/>''gā́líemi, gā́líemī-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|1.in | !|1.in | ||
|''-'' | |''-'' | ||
|''mólḗvse, mólḗvse-''<br/>''irēdā́vse, irēdā́́vse-''<br/>'' | |''mólḗvse, mólḗvse-''<br/>''irēdā́vse, irēdā́́vse-''<br/>''gā́líevse, gā́líevse-'' | ||
|''mólḗnse, mólḗnse-''<br/>''irēdā́nse, irēdā́nse-''<br/>'' | |''mólḗnse, mólḗnse-''<br/>''irēdā́nse, irēdā́nse-''<br/>''gā́líense, gā́líense-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|2 | !|2 | ||
|''mólḗr, mólḗr-''<br/>''irēdā́r, irēdā́r-''<br/>'' | |''mólḗr, mólḗr-''<br/>''irēdā́r, irēdā́r-''<br/>''gā́líer, gā́líer-'' | ||
|''mólḗrse, mólḗrse-''<br/>''irēdā́rse, irēdā́rse-''<br/>'' | |''mólḗrse, mólḗrse-''<br/>''irēdā́rse, irēdā́rse-''<br/>''gā́líerse, gā́líerse-'' | ||
|''mólḗlse, mólḗlse-''<br/>''irēdā́lse, irēdā́lse-''<br/>'' | |''mólḗlse, mólḗlse-''<br/>''irēdā́lse, irēdā́lse-''<br/>''gā́líelse, gā́líelse-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|3.m | !|3.m | ||
|''mólḗm, mólḗm-''<br/>''irēdā́m, irēdā́m-''<br/>'' | |''mólḗm, mólḗm-''<br/>''irēdā́m, irēdā́m-''<br/>''gā́líem, gā́líem-'' | ||
|rowspan="2"|''mólḗri, mólḗri-''<br/>''irēdā́ri, irēdā́ri-''<br/>'' | |rowspan="2"|''mólḗri, mólḗri-''<br/>''irēdā́ri, irēdā́ri-''<br/>''gā́líeri, gā́líeri-'' | ||
|''mólḗvi, mólḗvi-''<br/>''irēdā́vi, irēdā́vi-''<br/>'' | |''mólḗvi, mólḗvi-''<br/>''irēdā́vi, irēdā́vi-''<br/>''gā́líevi, terievi-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|3.f | !|3.f | ||
|''mólḗsi, mólḗsi-''<br/>''irēdā́si, irēdā́si-''<br/>'' | |''mólḗsi, mólḗsi-''<br/>''irēdā́si, irēdā́si-''<br/>''gā́líesi, gā́líesi-'' | ||
|''mólḗti, mólḗti-''<br/>''irēdā́ti, irēdā́ti-''<br/>'' | |''mólḗti, mólḗti-''<br/>''irēdā́ti, irēdā́ti-''<br/>''gā́líeti, gā́líeti-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="4" | Jussive | !colspan="4" | Jussive | ||
Line 109: | Line 109: | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|1.ex | !|1.ex | ||
|''mólī́n, mólī́(n)<sup>1</sup>-''<br/>''irēdáin, irēdái(n)<sup>1</sup>-''<br/>'' | |''mólī́n, mólī́(n)<sup>1</sup>-''<br/>''irēdáin, irēdái(n)<sup>1</sup>-''<br/>''gā́léin, gā́léi(n)<sup>1</sup>-'' | ||
|''móldír, móldír-''<br/>''irēdadír, irēdadír-''<br/>'' | |''móldír, móldír-''<br/>''irēdadír, irēdadír-''<br/>''gā́ledír, gā́ledír-'' | ||
|''mólmí, mólmī́-''<br/>''irēdamí, irēdamī́-''<br/>'' | |''mólmí, mólmī́-''<br/>''irēdamí, irēdamī́-''<br/>''gā́lemí, gā́lemī́-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|1.in | !|1.in | ||
|''-'' | |''-'' | ||
|''mólyvt, mólyvti-''<br/>''irēdavt, irēdavti-''<br/>'' | |''mólyvt, mólyvti-''<br/>''irēdavt, irēdavti-''<br/>''gā́levt, gā́levti-'' | ||
|''mólynt, mólynti-''<br/>''irēdant, irēdanti-''<br/>'' | |''mólynt, mólynti-''<br/>''irēdant, irēdanti-''<br/>''gā́lent, gā́lenti-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|2 | !|2 | ||
|''mólt, mólti-''<br/>''irēdat, irēdati-''<br/>'' | |''mólt, mólti-''<br/>''irēdat, irēdati-''<br/>''gā́let, gā́leti-'' | ||
|''mólyrt, mólyrti-''<br/>''irēdart, irēdarti-''<br/>'' | |''mólyrt, mólyrti-''<br/>''irēdart, irēdarti-''<br/>''gā́lert, gā́lerti-'' | ||
|''mólylt, mólylti-''<br/>''irēdalt, irēdalti-''<br/>'' | |''mólylt, mólylti-''<br/>''irēdalt, irēdalti-''<br/>''gā́lelt, gā́lelti-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|3.m | !|3.m | ||
|''mólmá, mólmā́-''<br/>''irēdamá, irēdamā́-''<br/>'' | |''mólmá, mólmā́-''<br/>''irēdamá, irēdamā́-''<br/>''gā́lemá, gā́lemā́-'' | ||
|rowspan="2"|''mólirá, mólirā́-''<br/>''irēdará, irēdarā́-''<br/>'' | |rowspan="2"|''mólirá, mólirā́-''<br/>''irēdará, irēdarā́-''<br/>''gā́lerá, gā́lerā́-'' | ||
|''mólivá, mólivā́-''<br/>''irēdavá, irēdavā́-''<br/>'' | |''mólivá, mólivā́-''<br/>''irēdavá, irēdavā́-''<br/>''gā́levá, gā́levā́-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|3.f | !|3.f | ||
|''mólisá, mólisā́-''<br/>''irēdasá, irēdasā́-''<br/>'' | |''mólisá, mólisā́-''<br/>''irēdasá, irēdasā́-''<br/>''gā́lesá, gā́lesā́-'' | ||
|''mólitá, mólitā́-''<br/>''irēdatá, irēdatā́-''<br/>'' | |''mólitá, mólitā́-''<br/>''irēdatá, irēdatā́-''<br/>''gā́letá, gā́letā́-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 143: | Line 143: | ||
!|1.in | !|1.in | ||
|''-'' | |''-'' | ||
|''mólyvs, mólyvs-''<br/>''irēdavs, irēdavs-''<br/>'' | |''mólyvs, mólyvs-''<br/>''irēdavs, irēdavs-''<br/>''gā́levs, gā́levs-'' | ||
|''mólyns, mólyns-''<br/>''irēdans, irēdans-''<br/>'' | |''mólyns, mólyns-''<br/>''irēdans, irēdans-''<br/>''gā́lens, gā́lens-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|2 | !|2 | ||
|''mól, mól-''<br/>''irēda, irēda-''<br/>'' | |''mól, mól-''<br/>''irēda, irēda-''<br/>''gā́le, gā́le-'' | ||
|''mólyrs, mólyrs-''<br/>''irēdars, irēdars-''<br/>'' | |''mólyrs, mólyrs-''<br/>''irēdars, irēdars-''<br/>''gā́lers, gā́lers-'' | ||
|''mólyls, mólyls-''<br/>''irēdals, irēdals-''<br/>'' | |''mólyls, mólyls-''<br/>''irēdals, irēdals-''<br/>''gā́lels, gā́lels-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="4" | Emphatic imperative | !colspan="4" | Emphatic imperative | ||
Line 160: | Line 160: | ||
!|1.in | !|1.in | ||
|''-'' | |''-'' | ||
|''mólḗvs, mólḗvs-''<br/>''irēdā́vs, irēdā́vs-''<br/>'' | |''mólḗvs, mólḗvs-''<br/>''irēdā́vs, irēdā́vs-''<br/>''gā́líevs, gā́líevs-'' | ||
|''mólḗns, mólḗns-''<br/>''irēdā́ns, irēdā́ns-''<br/>'' | |''mólḗns, mólḗns-''<br/>''irēdā́ns, irēdā́ns-''<br/>''gā́líens, gā́líens-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|2 | !|2 | ||
|''mólḗ, mólḗ-''<br/>''irēdā́, irēdā́-''<br/>'' | |''mólḗ, mólḗ-''<br/>''irēdā́, irēdā́-''<br/>''gā́líe, gā́líe-'' | ||
|''mólḗrs, mólḗrs-''<br/>''irēdā́rs, irēdā́rs-''<br/>'' | |''mólḗrs, mólḗrs-''<br/>''irēdā́rs, irēdā́rs-''<br/>''gā́líers, gā́líers-'' | ||
|''mólḗls, mólḗls-''<br/>''irēdā́ls, irēdā́ls-''<br/>'' | |''mólḗls, mólḗls-''<br/>''irēdā́ls, irēdā́ls-''<br/>''gā́líels, gā́líels-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="4"| Non-finite forms | !colspan="4"| Non-finite forms | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Present<br/>participle | !Present<br/>participle | ||
|colspan="3"|''mólyryl<sup>F</sup>'', ''mólyrl-''<br/>''irēdáryl<sup>F</sup>'', ''irēdárl-''<br/>'' | |colspan="3"|''mólyryl<sup>F</sup>'', ''mólyrl-''<br/>''irēdáryl<sup>F</sup>'', ''irēdárl-''<br/>''gā́léryl<sup>F</sup>'', ''gā́lérl-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Imperfect<br/>participle | !Imperfect<br/>participle | ||
Line 177: | Line 177: | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Preterite<br/>participle | !Preterite<br/>participle | ||
|colspan="3"|''mólnáryl<sup>F</sup>'', ''mólnárl-''<br/>''irēdanáryl<sup>F</sup>'', ''irēdanárl-''<br/>'' | |colspan="3"|''mólnáryl<sup>F</sup>'', ''mólnárl-''<br/>''irēdanáryl<sup>F</sup>'', ''irēdanárl-''<br/>''gā́lenáryl<sup>F</sup>'', ''gā́lenárl-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Future<br/>participle | !Future<br/>participle | ||
|colspan="3"|''mólḗryl<sup>F</sup>'', ''mólḗrl-''<br/>''irēdā́ryl<sup>F</sup>'', ''irēdā́rl-''<br/>'' | |colspan="3"|''mólḗryl<sup>F</sup>'', ''mólḗrl-''<br/>''irēdā́ryl<sup>F</sup>'', ''irēdā́rl-''<br/>''gā́líeryl<sup>F</sup>'', ''gā́líerl-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Infinitive | !Infinitive | ||
|colspan="3"|''móls<sup>M</sup>''<br/>''irēdás<sup>M</sup>''<br/>'' | |colspan="3"|''móls<sup>M</sup>''<br/>''irēdás<sup>M</sup>''<br/>''gā́lés<sup>M</sup>'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Supine | !Supine |
Revision as of 00:56, 30 August 2014
Regular verbs
Subject affixes | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Present | ||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
1.ex | mólīn, mólī(n)1- irḗdain, irēdai(n)1- gā́lein, gā́lei(n)1- |
móldir, móldir- irēdádir, irēdadir- gā́lédir, gā́ledir- |
mólmi, mólmī- irēdámi, irēdamī- gā́lémi, gā́lemī- | |
1.in | - | mólyvse, mólyvse- irēdávse, irēdavse- gā́lévse, gā́levse- |
mólynse, mólynse- irēdánse, irēdanse- gā́lénse, gā́lense- | |
2 | mólyr, mólyr- irḗdar, irēdar- gā́ler, gā́ler- |
mólyrse, mólyrse- irēdárse, irēdarse- gā́lérse, gā́lerse- |
mólylse, mólylse- irēdálse, irēdalse- gā́lélse, gā́lelse- | |
3.m | mólym, mólm- irḗdam, irēdam- gā́lem, gā́lem- |
mólir, móliri- irēd́air, irēdairi- gā́leir, gā́leiri- |
mólvi, mólvie- irēdávi, irēdavie- gā́lévi, gā́levie- | |
3.f | mólis, mólisi- irḗdais, irēdaisi- gā́leis, gā́leisi- |
mólti, móltie- irēdáti, irēdatie- gā́léti, gā́letie- | ||
Imperfect | ||||
Add the yn- prefix to the present forms. | ||||
Preterite | ||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
1.ex | mólýn, mólýn- irēdán, irēdán- gā́lén, gā́lén- |
mólmor, mólmor- irēdámor, irēdamor- gā́lémor, gā́lemor- |
mólmā, mólmā- irēdámā, irēdamā- gā́lémā, gā́lemā- | |
1.in | - | móltor, móltor- irēdátor, irēdator- gā́létor, gā́letor- |
móltā, móltā- irēdátā, irēdatā- gā́létā, gā́letā- | |
2 | mólýr, mólýr- irēdár, irēdár- gā́lér, gā́lér- |
mólyrith, mólyrith- irēdárith, irēdarith- gā́lérith, gā́lerith- |
mólylis, mólylis- irēdális, irēdalis- gā́lélis, gā́lelis- | |
3.m | móla, mólam- irḗdā, irḗdām- gā́lea, gā́leam- |
mólarí, mólaríe- irēdārí, irēdāríe- gā́learí, gā́learíe- |
mólaví, mólavíe- irēdāví, irēdāvíe- gā́leaví, gā́leavíe- | |
3.f | mólar, mólar- irḗdār, irḗdār- gā́lear, gā́lear- |
mólatí, mólatíe- irēdātí, irēdātíe- gā́leatí, gā́leatíe- | ||
Future | ||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
1.ex | mólḗn, mólḗn- irēdā́n, irēdā́n- gā́líen, gā́líen- |
mólḗdir, mólḗdir- irēdā́dir, irēdā́dir- gā́líedir, gā́líedir- |
mólḗmi, mólḗmī- irēdā́mi, irēdā́mi- gā́líemi, gā́líemī- | |
1.in | - | mólḗvse, mólḗvse- irēdā́vse, irēdā́́vse- gā́líevse, gā́líevse- |
mólḗnse, mólḗnse- irēdā́nse, irēdā́nse- gā́líense, gā́líense- | |
2 | mólḗr, mólḗr- irēdā́r, irēdā́r- gā́líer, gā́líer- |
mólḗrse, mólḗrse- irēdā́rse, irēdā́rse- gā́líerse, gā́líerse- |
mólḗlse, mólḗlse- irēdā́lse, irēdā́lse- gā́líelse, gā́líelse- | |
3.m | mólḗm, mólḗm- irēdā́m, irēdā́m- gā́líem, gā́líem- |
mólḗri, mólḗri- irēdā́ri, irēdā́ri- gā́líeri, gā́líeri- |
mólḗvi, mólḗvi- irēdā́vi, irēdā́vi- gā́líevi, terievi- | |
3.f | mólḗsi, mólḗsi- irēdā́si, irēdā́si- gā́líesi, gā́líesi- |
mólḗti, mólḗti- irēdā́ti, irēdā́ti- gā́líeti, gā́líeti- | ||
Jussive | ||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
1.ex | mólī́n, mólī́(n)1- irēdáin, irēdái(n)1- gā́léin, gā́léi(n)1- |
móldír, móldír- irēdadír, irēdadír- gā́ledír, gā́ledír- |
mólmí, mólmī́- irēdamí, irēdamī́- gā́lemí, gā́lemī́- | |
1.in | - | mólyvt, mólyvti- irēdavt, irēdavti- gā́levt, gā́levti- |
mólynt, mólynti- irēdant, irēdanti- gā́lent, gā́lenti- | |
2 | mólt, mólti- irēdat, irēdati- gā́let, gā́leti- |
mólyrt, mólyrti- irēdart, irēdarti- gā́lert, gā́lerti- |
mólylt, mólylti- irēdalt, irēdalti- gā́lelt, gā́lelti- | |
3.m | mólmá, mólmā́- irēdamá, irēdamā́- gā́lemá, gā́lemā́- |
mólirá, mólirā́- irēdará, irēdarā́- gā́lerá, gā́lerā́- |
mólivá, mólivā́- irēdavá, irēdavā́- gā́levá, gā́levā́- | |
3.f | mólisá, mólisā́- irēdasá, irēdasā́- gā́lesá, gā́lesā́- |
mólitá, mólitā́- irēdatá, irēdatā́- gā́letá, gā́letā́- | ||
Imperative | ||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
1.in | - | mólyvs, mólyvs- irēdavs, irēdavs- gā́levs, gā́levs- |
mólyns, mólyns- irēdans, irēdans- gā́lens, gā́lens- | |
2 | mól, mól- irēda, irēda- gā́le, gā́le- |
mólyrs, mólyrs- irēdars, irēdars- gā́lers, gā́lers- |
mólyls, mólyls- irēdals, irēdals- gā́lels, gā́lels- | |
Emphatic imperative | ||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
1.in | - | mólḗvs, mólḗvs- irēdā́vs, irēdā́vs- gā́líevs, gā́líevs- |
mólḗns, mólḗns- irēdā́ns, irēdā́ns- gā́líens, gā́líens- | |
2 | mólḗ, mólḗ- irēdā́, irēdā́- gā́líe, gā́líe- |
mólḗrs, mólḗrs- irēdā́rs, irēdā́rs- gā́líers, gā́líers- |
mólḗls, mólḗls- irēdā́ls, irēdā́ls- gā́líels, gā́líels- | |
Non-finite forms | ||||
Present participle |
mólyrylF, mólyrl- irēdárylF, irēdárl- gā́lérylF, gā́lérl- | |||
Imperfect participle |
Prefix yn- to the present participle. | |||
Preterite participle |
mólnárylF, mólnárl- irēdanárylF, irēdanárl- gā́lenárylF, gā́lenárl- | |||
Future participle |
mólḗrylF, mólḗrl- irēdā́rylF, irēdā́rl- gā́líerylF, gā́líerl- | |||
Infinitive | mólsM irēdásM gā́lésM | |||
Supine | mólḗðM irēdā́ðM térieðM |
Semivowel stems
*j-stems
áubiī́ - attack, strike
Imperative | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.in | - | áubivs | áubins |
2 | áubi | áubirs | áubils |
Present | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | áubiī | áubidir | áubima |
1.in | - | áubivse | áubinse |
2 | áubir | áubirse | áubilse |
3/4.m | áubi | áubīr | áubivi |
3/4.f | áubīs | áubiti |
Past perfective | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | áubín | áubisid | áubimi |
1.in | - | áubitar | áubitā |
2 | áubír | áubirith | áubilith |
3/4.m | áubisa | áubisrí | áubisví |
3/4.f | áubisar | áubistí |
Future | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | áubī́n | áubī́dir | áubī́ma |
1.in | - | áubī́vse | áubī́nse |
2 | áubī́r | áubī́rse | áubī́lse |
3/4.m | áubī́ | áubī́ri | áubiī́vi |
3/4.f | áubī́s | áubī́ti |
Jussive | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | áubiī́ | áubirdá | áubimir |
1.in | - | áubivt | áubint |
2 | áubit | áubirt | áubilt |
3/4.m | áubimá | áubīrá | áubiħá |
3/4.f | áubīsá | áubitá |
*w-stems
qervī́ - pack, condense
Imperative | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.in | - | qéruvs | qéruns |
2 | qéry | qérurs | qéruls |
Present | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | qérvī | qérudir | qéruma |
1.in | - | qéruvse | qérunse |
2 | qérur | qérurse | qérulse |
3/4.m | qéry | qervir | qéruvi |
3/4.f | qérvis | qéruti |
Past perfective | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | qerún | qérusid | qérumi |
1.in | - | qérutar | qérutā |
2 | qerúr | qérurith | qérulith |
3/4.m | qérusa | qerusrí | qerusví |
3/4.f | qérusar | qerustí |
Future | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | qervḗn | qervḗdir | qervḗma |
1.in | - | qervḗvse | qervḗnse |
2 | qervḗr | qervḗrse | qervḗlse |
3/4.m | qervḗ | qervḗri | qervḗvi |
3/4.f | qervéis | qervḗti |
Jussive | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | qervī́ | qerurdá | qérumir |
1.in | - | qéruvt | qérunt |
2 | qérut | qérurt | qérult |
3/4.m | qerumá | qervirá | qeruħá |
3/4.f | qervisá | qerutá |
Labial obstruent stems
-vi, -vie- "dissimilates" to -ħi, -ħie-
duobī́ - to be assembled
Coronal obstruent stems
*t-, *d-, *tʰ-, *s-stems
{*t *d *tʰ *s}
- > s / _t
- > r / _d
qvothī́ - shout
Imperative | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.in | - | qvóthyvs | qvóthyns |
2 | qvóth | qvóthyrs | qvóthyls |
Present | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | qvóthī | qvórdir | qvóthma |
1.in | - | qvóthyvse | qvóthynse |
2 | qvóthyr | qvóthyrse | qvóthylse |
3/4.m | qvóthe | qvóthir | qvóthvi |
3/4.f | qvóthis | qvósti |
Past perfective | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | qvothýn | qvóssid | qvóthmi |
1.in | - | qvóstar | qvóstā |
2 | qvothýr | qvóthrith | qvóthlith |
3/4.m | qvóssa | qvosrí | qvosví |
3/4.f | qvóssar | qvostí |
Jussive | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | qvothī́ | qvothyrdá | qvóthmir |
1.in | - | qvóthyvt | qvóthynt |
2 | qvóthyt | qvóthyrt | qvóthylt |
3/4.m | qvothmá | qvothirá | qvothħá |
3/4.f | qvothisá | qvostá |
*z-stems
fáerī́ - interlock, jam
Imperative | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.in | - | fáéryvs | fáéryns |
2 | fáér | fáéryrs | fáéryls |
Present | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | fáérī | fáérdir | fáérma |
1.in | - | fáéryvse | fáérynse |
2 | fáéryr | fáéryrse | fáérylse |
3/4.m | fáére | fáerir | fáérvi |
3/4.f | fáéris | fáésti |
Past perfective | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | fáerýn | fáéssid | fáérmi |
1.in | - | fáéstar | fáéstā |
2 | fáerýr | fáérrith | fáerlith |
3/4.m | fáéssa | fáesrí | fáesví |
3/4.f | fáéssar | fáestí |
Jussive | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | fáerī́ | fáeryrdá | fáérmir |
1.in | - | fáéryvt | fáérynt |
2 | fáeryt | fáéryrt | fáérylt |
3/4.m | fáermá | fáerirá | fáerħá |
3/4.f | fáerisá | fáestá |
*ʒ-stems
néuzī́ - pound, stamp
Imperative | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.in | - | néuryvs | néuzyns |
2 | néuz | néuzyrs | néuzyls |
Present | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | néuzī | néurdir | néurma |
1.in | - | néuryvse | néuzynse |
2 | néuzyr | néuzyrse | néuzylse |
3/4.m | néuze | néuzir | néuzvi |
3/4.f | néuzis | néusti |
Past perfective | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | néuzýn | néussid | néurmi |
1.in | - | néustar | néustā |
2 | néuzýr | néurrith | néurlith |
3/4.m | néussa | néusrí | néusví |
3/4.f | néussar | néustí |
Jussive | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | néuzī́ | néuzyrdá | néurmir |
1.in | - | néuryvt | néuzynt |
2 | néuzyt | néuzyrt | néuzylt |
3/4.m | néurmá | néuzirá | néurħá |
3/4.f | néuzisá | néustá |
*ç- and *ƶ-stems
{*ç, *ƶ}
- > ch / _*C[+coronal +plosive]
- > s / _*C[+coronal +fricative/affricate]
- > [ː~] / _{*ç, *ƶ}
- > th, ð otherwise
rȳthī́ - classify, categorize
Imperative | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.in | - | rȳ̌thyvs | rȳ̌thyns |
2 | rȳ̌th | rȳ̌thyrs | rȳ̌thyls |
Present | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | rȳ̌thī | rȳ̌chdir | rȳ̌thma |
1.in | - | rȳ̌thyvse | rȳ̌thynse |
2 | rȳ̌thyr | rȳ̌thyrse | rȳ̌thylse |
3/4.m | rȳ̌the | rȳ̌thir | rȳ̌thvi |
3/4.f | rȳ̌this | rȳ̌chti |
Past perchective | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | rȳthýn | rȳ̌ssid | rȳ̌thmi |
1.in | - | rȳ̌chtar | rȳ̌chtā |
2 | rȳthýr | rȳ̌thrith | rȳ̌thlith |
3/4.m | rȳ̌ssa | rȳsrí | rȳsví |
3/4.f | rȳ̌ssar | rȳstí |
Jussive | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | rȳthī́ | rȳthyrdá | rȳ̌thmir |
1.in | - | rȳ̌thyvt | rȳ̌thynt |
2 | rȳ̌thyt | rȳ̌thyrt | rȳ̌thylt |
3/4.m | rȳthmá | rȳthirá | rȳthħá |
3/4.f | rȳthisá | rȳchtá |
Velar stems
C[+plosive, +velar] > ch / _d/t/ŧ
g > c / _C[-voiced]
uogī́ - err, miss
Imperative | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.in | - | ǔogyvs | ǔogyns |
2 | ǔog | ǔogyrs | ǔogyls |
Present | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | ǔogī | ǔochdir | ǔogma |
1.in | - | ǔogyvse | ǔogynse |
2 | ǔogyr | ǔogyrse | ǔogylse |
3/4.m | ǔoge | ǔogir | ǔogvi |
3/4.f | ǔogis | ǔochti |
Past perfective | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | uogýn | ǔocsid | ǔogmi |
1.in | - | ǔochtar | ǔochtā |
2 | uogýr | ǔogrith | ǔoglith |
3/4.m | ǔocsa | uocsrí | uocsví |
3/4.f | ǔocsar | uocstí |
Jussive | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | uogī́ | uogyrdá | ǔogmir |
1.in | - | ǔogyvt | ǔogynt |
2 | ǔogyt | ǔogyrt | ǔogylt |
3/4.m | uogmá | uogirá | uogħá |
3/4.f | uogisá | uochtá |
Guttural stems
Radical stems
*q-stems
*ʁ-stems
*qʰ-stems
*ʔ-stems
*ʔ
- > [ː~] / V_CV
- > [~ː] / V_CC
hēseī́ - feel, emote
Imperative | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.in | - | hēsḗvs | hēsḗns |
2 | hēsé | hēsḗrs | hēsḗls |
Present | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | hēséī | hēséddir | hēsémma |
1.in | - | hēsḗvse | hēsḗnse |
2 | hēséyr | hēsḗrse | hēsḗlse |
3/4.m | hēsé | hēséìr | hēsévvi |
3/4.f | hēséìs | hēsétti |
Past perfective | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | hēseýn | hēséssid | hēsémmi |
1.in | - | hēséttar | hēséttā |
2 | hēseýr | hēsérrith | hēséllith |
3/4.m | hēséssa | hēsēsrí | hēsēsví |
3/4.f | hēséssar | hēsēstí |
Future | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | hēseḗn | hēseḗdir | hēseḗma |
1.in | - | hēseḗvse | hēseḗnse |
2 | hēseḗr | hēseḗrse | hēseḗlse |
3/4.m | hēseḗ | hēseḗri | hēseḗvi |
3/4.f | hḗseéis | hḗseḗti |
Jussive | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | hēseī́ | hēsērdá | hēsémmir |
1.in | - | hēsḗvt | hēsḗnt |
2 | hēsḗt | hēsḗrt | hēsḗlt |
3/4.m | hēsemmá | hēseìrá | hēsēħá |
3/4.f | hēseìsá | hēsettá |
*{m, n, l, r}ʔ-stems
*{m, n, l, r}ʔ
- > mp, {n, l, r}t
- > m / _C[+labial +obstruent], {n, l, r} / _C[+coronal +obstruent]
híltī́ - imply, make transparent
Imperative | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.in | - | híltyvs | híltyns |
2 | hílt | híltyrs | híltyls |
Present | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | híltī | híldir | híltma |
1.in | - | híltyvse | híltynse |
2 | híltyr | híltyrse | híltylse |
3/4.m | hílte | híltir | híltvi |
3/4.f | híltis | hílti |
Past perfective | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | híltýn | hílsid | híltmi |
1.in | - | híltar | híltā |
2 | híltýr | híltrith | híltlith |
3/4.m | hílsa | hílsrí | hílsví |
3/4.f | hílsar | hílstí |
Jussive | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | híltī́ | híltyrdá | híltmir |
1.in | - | híltyvt | híltynt |
2 | híltyt | híltyrt | híltylt |
3/4.m | híltmá | híltirá | híltħá |
3/4.f | híltisá | híltá |
h-stems
*h
- > [ː~] / V_C[+fricative]V
- > [~ː] / V_C[otherwise]
bohī́ - measure
Imperative | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.in | - | bō̌vs | bō̌ns |
2 | bō̌ | bō̌rs | bō̌ls |
Present | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | bóhī | bō̌dir | bō̌ma |
1.in | - | bō̌vse | bō̌nse |
2 | bóhyr | bō̌rse | bō̌lse |
3/4.m | bóhe | bóhir | bō̌vi |
3/4.f | bóhis | bō̌ti |
Past perfective | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | bohýn | bóssid | bō̌mi |
1.in | - | bō̌tar | bō̌tā |
2 | bohýr | bō̌rith | bō̌lith |
3/4.m | bóssa | bōsrí | bōsví |
3/4.f | bóssar | bōstí |
Jussive | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | bohī́ | bō̌rdá | bō̌mir |
1.in | - | bō̌vt | bō̌nt |
2 | bō̌t | bō̌rt | bō̌lt |
3/4.m | bōmá | bohirá | bōħá |
3/4.f | bohisá | bōtá |
*{m, n, l, r}h-stems
*{m, n, l, r}h
- > mf, {n, l, r}th
- > m / _C[+labial +obstruent], {n, l, r} / _C[+coronal +obstruent]
inthī́ - lie (be in a supine position)
Imperative | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.in | - | ínthyvs | ínthyns |
2 | ínth | ínthyrs | ínthyls |
Present | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | ínthī | índir | ínthma |
1.in | - | ínthyvse | ínthynse |
2 | ínthyr | ínthyrse | ínthylse |
3/4.m | ínthe | ínthir | ínthvi |
3/4.f | ínthis | ínti |
Past perfective | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | inthýn | ínsid | ínthmi |
1.in | - | íntar | íntā |
2 | inthýr | ínthrith | ínthlith |
3/4.m | ínsa | insrí | insví |
3/4.f | ínsar | instí |
Jussive | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | inthī́ | inthyrdá | ínthmir |
1.in | - | ínthyvt | ínthynt |
2 | ínthyt | ínthyrt | ínthylt |
3/4.m | inthmá | inthirá | inthħá |
3/4.f | inthisá | intá |
Irregular verbs
Suppletive verbs
Suppletive verbs have many monosyllabic forms; in order to compensate for the lack of tonal information other roots were grafted into their paradigms.
vā́cī́n - copula
The copula is highly suppletive. The present, future, jussive and the infinitives share the stem vā́c-, while the imperfect has the stem ynt- (< *ʔṇʔ-). (There is no preterite.) Note also the preterite endings in the imperfect tense.
Imperative | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.in | - | vā́cyvs | vā́cyns |
2 | vā́c | vā́cyrs | vā́cyls |
Present | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | (vā́cīn) | (vā́chdir) | (vā́cmi) |
1.in | - | (vā́cyvse) | (vā́cynse) |
2 | (vā́cyr) | (vā́cyrse) | (vā́cylse) |
3/4.m | (vā́ce) | (vā́cir) | (vā́cvi) |
3/4.f | (vā́cis) | (vā́chti) |
Present subjunctive | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | ávā́cīn | ávā́chdir | ávā́cmi |
1.in | - | ávā́cyvse | ávā́cynse |
2 | ávā́cyr | ávā́cyrse | ávā́cylse |
3/4.m | ávā́ce | ávā́cir | ávā́cvi |
3/4.f | ávā́cis | ávā́chti |
Imperfect | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | yntýn | ýnsid | ýntmā |
1.in | - | ýntar | ýntā |
2 | yntýr | ýntrith | ýntlith |
3/4.m | ýnta | yntarí | yntaví |
3/4.f | ýntar | yntatí |
Imperfect subjunctive | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | ēntýn | ḕnsid | ḕntmā |
1.in | - | ḕntar | ḕntā |
2 | ēntýr | ḕntrith | ḕntlith |
3/4.m | ḕnta | ēntarí | ēntaví |
3/4.f | ḕntar | ēntatí |
Jussive | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
1.ex | vā́cī́n | vā́chdír | vā́cmí |
1.in | - | vā́cyvt | vā́cynt |
2 | vā́cyt | vā́cyrt | vā́cylt |
3/4.m | vā́cmá | vā́cirá | vā́cħá |
3/4.f | vā́cisá | vā́chtá |
morī́ - 'exist'
Reduplicating stems
These verbs are reflexes of monosyllabic verbs whose stem originally consisted of consonant clusters with no vowel and was subsequently reduplicated to accommodate tonal patterns. They comprise a few irregular verbs.