Themsarian/Verbal subparadigms: Difference between revisions

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|''mólyrs, mólyrs-''<br/>''irēdars, irēdars-''<br/>''gā́lers, gā́lers-''
|''mólyrs, mólyrs-''<br/>''irēdars, irēdars-''<br/>''gā́lers, gā́lers-''
|''mólyls, mólyls-''<br/>''irēdals, irēdals-''<br/>''gā́lels, gā́lels-''
|''mólyls, mólyls-''<br/>''irēdals, irēdals-''<br/>''gā́lels, gā́lels-''
|-
!colspan="4" | Emphatic imperative
|-
!|
!style="width: 125px; "|Singular
!style="width: 125px; "|Dual
!style="width: 125px; "|Plural
|-
!|1.in
|''-''
|''mólḗvs, mólḗvs-''<br/>''irēdā́vs, irēdā́vs-''<br/>''gā́líevs, gā́líevs-''
|''mólḗns, mólḗns-''<br/>''irēdā́ns, irēdā́ns-''<br/>''gā́líens, gā́líens-''
|-
!|2
|''mólḗ, mólḗ-''<br/>''irēdā́, irēdā́-''<br/>''gā́líe, gā́líe-''
|''mólḗrs, mólḗrs-''<br/>''irēdā́rs, irēdā́rs-''<br/>''gā́líers, gā́líers-''
|''mólḗls, mólḗls-''<br/>''irēdā́ls, irēdā́ls-''<br/>''gā́líels, gā́líels-''
|-
|-
!colspan="4"| Non-finite forms
!colspan="4"| Non-finite forms

Revision as of 00:58, 30 August 2014

Regular verbs

Subject affixes
Present
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex mólīn, mólī(n)1-
irḗdain, irēdai(n)1-
gā́lein, gā́lei(n)1-
móldir, móldir-
irēdádir, irēdadir-
gā́lédir, gā́ledir-
mólmi, mólmī-
irēdámi, irēdamī-
gā́lémi, gā́lemī-
1.in - mólyvse, mólyvse-
irēdávse, irēdavse-
gā́lévse, gā́levse-
mólynse, mólynse-
irēdánse, irēdanse-
gā́lénse, gā́lense-
2 mólyr, mólyr-
irḗdar, irēdar-
gā́ler, gā́ler-
mólyrse, mólyrse-
irēdárse, irēdarse-
gā́lérse, gā́lerse-
mólylse, mólylse-
irēdálse, irēdalse-
gā́lélse, gā́lelse-
3.m mólym, mólm-
irḗdam, irēdam-
gā́lem, gā́lem-
mólir, móliri-
irēd́air, irēdairi-
gā́leir, gā́leiri-
mólvi, mólvie-
irēdávi, irēdavie-
gā́lévi, gā́levie-
3.f mólis, mólisi-
irḗdais, irēdaisi-
gā́leis, gā́leisi-
mólti, móltie-
irēdáti, irēdatie-
gā́léti, gā́letie-
Imperfect
Add the yn- prefix to the present forms.
Preterite
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex mólýn, mólýn-
irēdán, irēdán-
gā́lén, gā́lén-
mólmor, mólmor-
irēdámor, irēdamor-
gā́lémor, gā́lemor-
mólmā, mólmā-
irēdámā, irēdamā-
gā́lémā, gā́lemā-
1.in - móltor, móltor-
irēdátor, irēdator-
gā́létor, gā́letor-
móltā, móltā-
irēdátā, irēdatā-
gā́létā, gā́letā-
2 mólýr, mólýr-
irēdár, irēdár-
gā́lér, gā́lér-
mólyrith, mólyrith-
irēdárith, irēdarith-
gā́lérith, gā́lerith-
mólylis, mólylis-
irēdális, irēdalis-
gā́lélis, gā́lelis-
3.m móla, mólam-
irḗdā, irḗdām-
gā́lea, gā́leam-
mólarí, mólaríe-
irēdārí, irēdāríe-
gā́learí, gā́learíe-
mólaví, mólavíe-
irēdāví, irēdāvíe-
gā́leaví, gā́leavíe-
3.f mólar, mólar-
irḗdār, irḗdār-
gā́lear, gā́lear-
mólatí, mólatíe-
irēdātí, irēdātíe-
gā́leatí, gā́leatíe-
Future
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex mólḗn, mólḗn-
irēdā́n, irēdā́n-
gā́líen, gā́líen-
mólḗdir, mólḗdir-
irēdā́dir, irēdā́dir-
gā́líedir, gā́líedir-
mólḗmi, mólḗmī-
irēdā́mi, irēdā́mi-
gā́líemi, gā́líemī-
1.in - mólḗvse, mólḗvse-
irēdā́vse, irēdā́́vse-
gā́líevse, gā́líevse-
mólḗnse, mólḗnse-
irēdā́nse, irēdā́nse-
gā́líense, gā́líense-
2 mólḗr, mólḗr-
irēdā́r, irēdā́r-
gā́líer, gā́líer-
mólḗrse, mólḗrse-
irēdā́rse, irēdā́rse-
gā́líerse, gā́líerse-
mólḗlse, mólḗlse-
irēdā́lse, irēdā́lse-
gā́líelse, gā́líelse-
3.m mólḗm, mólḗm-
irēdā́m, irēdā́m-
gā́líem, gā́líem-
mólḗri, mólḗri-
irēdā́ri, irēdā́ri-
gā́líeri, gā́líeri-
mólḗvi, mólḗvi-
irēdā́vi, irēdā́vi-
gā́líevi, terievi-
3.f mólḗsi, mólḗsi-
irēdā́si, irēdā́si-
gā́líesi, gā́líesi-
mólḗti, mólḗti-
irēdā́ti, irēdā́ti-
gā́líeti, gā́líeti-
Jussive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex mólī́n, mólī́(n)1-
irēdáin, irēdái(n)1-
gā́léin, gā́léi(n)1-
móldír, móldír-
irēdadír, irēdadír-
gā́ledír, gā́ledír-
mólmí, mólmī́-
irēdamí, irēdamī́-
gā́lemí, gā́lemī́-
1.in - mólyvt, mólyvti-
irēdavt, irēdavti-
gā́levt, gā́levti-
mólynt, mólynti-
irēdant, irēdanti-
gā́lent, gā́lenti-
2 mólt, mólti-
irēdat, irēdati-
gā́let, gā́leti-
mólyrt, mólyrti-
irēdart, irēdarti-
gā́lert, gā́lerti-
mólylt, mólylti-
irēdalt, irēdalti-
gā́lelt, gā́lelti-
3.m mólmá, mólmā́-
irēdamá, irēdamā́-
gā́lemá, gā́lemā́-
mólirá, mólirā́-
irēdará, irēdarā́-
gā́lerá, gā́lerā́-
mólivá, mólivā́-
irēdavá, irēdavā́-
gā́levá, gā́levā́-
3.f mólisá, mólisā́-
irēdasá, irēdasā́-
gā́lesá, gā́lesā́-
mólitá, mólitā́-
irēdatá, irēdatā́-
gā́letá, gā́letā́-
Imperative
Singular Dual Plural
1.in - mólyvs, mólyvs-
irēdavs, irēdavs-
gā́levs, gā́levs-
mólyns, mólyns-
irēdans, irēdans-
gā́lens, gā́lens-
2 mól, mól-
irēda, irēda-
gā́le, gā́le-
mólyrs, mólyrs-
irēdars, irēdars-
gā́lers, gā́lers-
mólyls, mólyls-
irēdals, irēdals-
gā́lels, gā́lels-
Non-finite forms
Present
participle
mólyrylF, mólyrl-
irēdárylF, irēdárl-
gā́lérylF, gā́lérl-
Imperfect
participle
Prefix yn- to the present participle.
Preterite
participle
mólnárylF, mólnárl-
irēdanárylF, irēdanárl-
gā́lenárylF, gā́lenárl-
Future
participle
mólḗrylF, mólḗrl-
irēdā́rylF, irēdā́rl-
gā́líerylF, gā́líerl-
Infinitive mólsM
irēdásM
gā́lésM
Supine mólḗðM
irēdā́ðM
térieðM

Semivowel stems

*j-stems

áubiī́ - attack, strike

Imperative
Singular Dual Plural
1.in - áubivs áubins
2 áubi áubirs áubils


Present
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex áub áubidir áubima
1.in - áubivse áubinse
2 áubir áubirse áubilse
3/4.m áubi áubīr áubivi
3/4.f áubīs áubiti


Past perfective
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex áubín áubisid áubimi
1.in - áubitar áubitā
2 áubír áubirith áubilith
3/4.m áubisa áubisrí áubisví
3/4.f áubisar áubistí


Future
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex áubī́n áubī́dir áubī́ma
1.in - áubī́vse áubī́nse
2 áubī́r áubī́rse áubī́lse
3/4.m áubī́ áubī́ri áubiī́vi
3/4.f áubī́s áubī́ti


Jussive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex áubiī́ áubirdá áubimir
1.in - áubivt áubint
2 áubit áubirt áubilt
3/4.m áubimá áubīrá áubiħá
3/4.f áubīsá áubitá

*w-stems

qervī́ - pack, condense

Imperative
Singular Dual Plural
1.in - qéruvs qéruns
2 qéry qérurs qéruls


Present
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex qér qérudir qéruma
1.in - qéruvse qérunse
2 qérur qérurse qérulse
3/4.m qéry qervir qéruvi
3/4.f qérvis qéruti


Past perfective
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex qerún qérusid qérumi
1.in - qérutar qérutā
2 qerúr qérurith qérulith
3/4.m qérusa qerusrí qerusví
3/4.f qérusar qerustí


Future
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex qervḗn qervḗdir qervḗma
1.in - qervḗvse qervḗnse
2 qervḗr qervḗrse qervḗlse
3/4.m qervḗ qervḗri qervḗvi
3/4.f qervéis qervḗti


Jussive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex qervī́ qerurdá qérumir
1.in - qéruvt qérunt
2 qérut qérurt qérult
3/4.m qerumá qervirá qeruħá
3/4.f qervisá qerutá

Labial obstruent stems

-vi, -vie- "dissimilates" to -ħi, -ħie-

duobī́ - to be assembled

Coronal obstruent stems

*t-, *d-, *tʰ-, *s-stems

{*t *d *tʰ *s}

  • > s / _t
  • > r / _d

qvothī́ - shout

Imperative
Singular Dual Plural
1.in - qvóthyvs qvóthyns
2 qvóth qvóthyrs qvóthyls


Present
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex qvóthī qvórdir qvóthma
1.in - qvóthyvse qvóthynse
2 qvóthyr qvóthyrse qvóthylse
3/4.m qvóthe qvóthir qvóthvi
3/4.f qvóthis qvósti


Past perfective
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex qvothýn qvóssid qvóthmi
1.in - qvóstar qvóstā
2 qvothýr qvóthrith qvóthlith
3/4.m qvóssa qvosrí qvosví
3/4.f qvóssar qvostí


Jussive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex qvothī́ qvothyrdá qvóthmir
1.in - qvóthyvt qvóthynt
2 qvóthyt qvóthyrt qvóthylt
3/4.m qvoth qvothirá qvothħá
3/4.f qvothisá qvostá

*z-stems

fáerī́ - interlock, jam

Imperative
Singular Dual Plural
1.in - fáéryvs fáéryns
2 fáér fáéryrs fáéryls


Present
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex fáérī fáérdir fáérma
1.in - fáéryvse fáérynse
2 fáéryr fáéryrse fáérylse
3/4.m fáére fáerir fáérvi
3/4.f fáéris fáésti


Past perfective
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex fáerýn fáéssid fáérmi
1.in - fáéstar fáéstā
2 fáerýr fáérrith fáerlith
3/4.m fáéssa fáesrí fáesví
3/4.f fáéssar fáestí


Jussive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex fáerī́ fáeryrdá fáérmir
1.in - fáéryvt fáérynt
2 fáeryt fáéryrt fáérylt
3/4.m fáer fáerirá fáerħá
3/4.f fáerisá fáestá

*ʒ-stems

néuzī́ - pound, stamp

Imperative
Singular Dual Plural
1.in - néuryvs néuzyns
2 néuz néuzyrs néuzyls


Present
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex néuzī néurdir néurma
1.in - néuryvse néuzynse
2 néuzyr néuzyrse néuzylse
3/4.m néuze néuzir néuzvi
3/4.f néuzis néusti


Past perfective
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex néuzýn néussid néurmi
1.in - néustar néustā
2 néuzýr néurrith néurlith
3/4.m néussa néusrí néusví
3/4.f néussar néustí


Jussive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex néuzī́ néuzyrdá néurmir
1.in - néuryvt néuzynt
2 néuzyt néuzyrt néuzylt
3/4.m néur néuzirá néurħá
3/4.f néuzisá néustá

*ç- and *ƶ-stems

{*ç, *ƶ}

  • > ch / _*C[+coronal +plosive]
  • > s / _*C[+coronal +fricative/affricate]
  • > [ː~] / _{, }
  • > th, ð otherwise

rȳthī́ - classify, categorize

Imperative
Singular Dual Plural
1.in - rȳ̌thyvs rȳ̌thyns
2 rȳ̌th rȳ̌thyrs rȳ̌thyls


Present
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex rȳ̌thī rȳ̌chdir rȳ̌thma
1.in - rȳ̌thyvse rȳ̌thynse
2 rȳ̌thyr rȳ̌thyrse rȳ̌thylse
3/4.m rȳ̌the rȳ̌thir rȳ̌thvi
3/4.f rȳ̌this rȳ̌chti


Past perchective
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex rȳthýn rȳ̌ssid rȳ̌thmi
1.in - rȳ̌chtar rȳ̌ch
2 rȳthýr rȳ̌thrith rȳ̌thlith
3/4.m rȳ̌ssa srí sví
3/4.f rȳ̌ssar stí


Jussive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex rȳthī́ rȳthyrdá rȳ̌thmir
1.in - rȳ̌thyvt rȳ̌thynt
2 rȳ̌thyt rȳ̌thyrt rȳ̌thylt
3/4.m rȳth rȳthirá rȳthħá
3/4.f rȳthisá chtá

Velar stems

C[+plosive, +velar] > ch / _d/t/ŧ
g > c / _C[-voiced]

uogī́ - err, miss

Imperative
Singular Dual Plural
1.in - ǔogyvs ǔogyns
2 ǔog ǔogyrs ǔogyls


Present
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex ǔogī ǔochdir ǔogma
1.in - ǔogyvse ǔogynse
2 ǔogyr ǔogyrse ǔogylse
3/4.m ǔoge ǔogir ǔogvi
3/4.f ǔogis ǔochti


Past perfective
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex uogýn ǔocsid ǔogmi
1.in - ǔochtar ǔoch
2 uogýr ǔogrith ǔoglith
3/4.m ǔocsa uocsrí uocsví
3/4.f ǔocsar uocstí


Jussive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex uogī́ uogyrdá ǔogmir
1.in - ǔogyvt ǔogynt
2 ǔogyt ǔogyrt ǔogylt
3/4.m uog uogirá uogħá
3/4.f uogisá uoch

Guttural stems

Radical stems

*q-stems

*ʁ-stems

*qʰ-stems

*ʔ-stems

  • > [ː~] / V_CV
  • > [~ː] / V_CC

hēseī́ - feel, emote

Imperative
Singular Dual Plural
1.in - hēsḗvs hēsḗns
2 hēsé hēsḗrs hēsḗls


Present
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex hēséī hēséddir hēsémma
1.in - hēsḗvse hēsḗnse
2 hēséyr hēsḗrse hēsḗlse
3/4.m hēsé hēséìr hēsévvi
3/4.f hēséìs hēsétti


Past perfective
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex hēseýn hēséssid hēsémmi
1.in - hēséttar hēséttā
2 hēseýr hēsérrith hēséllith
3/4.m hēséssa hēsēsrí hēsēsví
3/4.f hēséssar hēsēstí


Future
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex hēseḗn hēseḗdir hēseḗma
1.in - hēseḗvse hēseḗnse
2 hēseḗr hēseḗrse hēseḗlse
3/4.m hēse hēseḗri hēseḗvi
3/4.f hḗseéis hḗseḗti


Jussive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex hēseī́ hēsērdá hēsémmir
1.in - hēsḗvt hēsḗnt
2 hēsḗt hēsḗrt hēsḗlt
3/4.m hēsemmá hēseìrá hēsēħá
3/4.f hēseìsá hēsettá

*{m, n, l, r}ʔ-stems

*{m, n, l, r}ʔ

  • > mp, {n, l, r}t
  • > m / _C[+labial +obstruent], {n, l, r} / _C[+coronal +obstruent]

híltī́ - imply, make transparent

Imperative
Singular Dual Plural
1.in - híltyvs híltyns
2 hílt híltyrs híltyls


Present
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex híltī híldir híltma
1.in - híltyvse híltynse
2 híltyr híltyrse híltylse
3/4.m hílte híltir híltvi
3/4.f híltis hílti


Past perfective
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex híltýn hílsid híltmi
1.in - híltar híl
2 híltýr híltrith híltlith
3/4.m hílsa hílsrí hílsví
3/4.f hílsar hílstí


Jussive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex híltī́ híltyrdá híltmir
1.in - híltyvt híltynt
2 híltyt híltyrt híltylt
3/4.m hílt híltirá híltħá
3/4.f híltisá híl

h-stems

*h

  • > [ː~] / V_C[+fricative]V
  • > [~ː] / V_C[otherwise]

bohī́ - measure

Imperative
Singular Dual Plural
1.in - bō̌vs bō̌ns
2 bō̌ bō̌rs bō̌ls


Present
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex bóhī bō̌dir bō̌ma
1.in - bō̌vse bō̌nse
2 bóhyr bō̌rse bō̌lse
3/4.m bóhe bóhir bō̌vi
3/4.f bóhis bō̌ti


Past perfective
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex bohýn ssid bō̌mi
1.in - bō̌tar bō̌
2 bohýr bō̌rith bō̌lith
3/4.m ssa srí sví
3/4.f ssar stí


Jussive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex bohī́ bō̌rdá bō̌mir
1.in - bō̌vt bō̌nt
2 bō̌t bō̌rt bō̌lt
3/4.m bohirá ħá
3/4.f bohisá

*{m, n, l, r}h-stems

*{m, n, l, r}h

  • > mf, {n, l, r}th
  • > m / _C[+labial +obstruent], {n, l, r} / _C[+coronal +obstruent]


inthī́ - lie (be in a supine position)

Imperative
Singular Dual Plural
1.in - ínthyvs ínthyns
2 ínth ínthyrs ínthyls


Present
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex ínthī índir ínthma
1.in - ínthyvse ínthynse
2 ínthyr ínthyrse ínthylse
3/4.m ínthe ínthir ínthvi
3/4.f ínthis ínti


Past perfective
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex inthýn ínsid ínthmi
1.in - íntar ín
2 inthýr ínthrith ínthlith
3/4.m ínsa insrí insví
3/4.f ínsar instí


Jussive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex inthī́ inthyrdá ínthmir
1.in - ínthyvt ínthynt
2 ínthyt ínthyrt ínthylt
3/4.m inth inthirá inthħá
3/4.f inthisá in

Irregular verbs

Suppletive verbs

Suppletive verbs have many monosyllabic forms; in order to compensate for the lack of tonal information other roots were grafted into their paradigms.

vā́cī́n - copula

The copula is highly suppletive. The present, future, jussive and the infinitives share the stem vā́c-, while the imperfect has the stem ynt- (< *ʔṇʔ-). (There is no preterite.) Note also the preterite endings in the imperfect tense.

Imperative
Singular Dual Plural
1.in - vā́cyvs vā́cyns
2 vā́c vā́cyrs vā́cyls


Present
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex (vā́cīn) (vā́chdir) (vā́cmi)
1.in - (vā́cyvse) (vā́cynse)
2 (vā́cyr) (vā́cyrse) (vā́cylse)
3/4.m (vā́ce) (vā́cir) (vā́cvi)
3/4.f (vā́cis) (vā́chti)


Present subjunctive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex ávā́cīn ávā́chdir ávā́cmi
1.in - ávā́cyvse ávā́cynse
2 ávā́cyr ávā́cyrse ávā́cylse
3/4.m ávā́ce ávā́cir ávā́cvi
3/4.f ávā́cis ávā́chti


Imperfect
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex yntýn ýnsid ýntmā
1.in - ýntar ýntā
2 yntýr ýntrith ýntlith
3/4.m ýnta yntarí yntaví
3/4.f ýntar yntatí


Imperfect subjunctive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex ēntýn ḕnsid ḕntmā
1.in - ḕntar ḕntā
2 ēntýr ḕntrith ḕntlith
3/4.m ḕnta ēntarí ēntaví
3/4.f ḕntar ēntatí


Jussive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex vā́cī́n vā́chdír vā́c
1.in - vā́cyvt vā́cynt
2 vā́cyt vā́cyrt vā́cylt
3/4.m vā́c vā́cirá vā́cħá
3/4.f vā́cisá vā́ch

morī́ - 'exist'

Reduplicating stems

These verbs are reflexes of monosyllabic verbs whose stem originally consisted of consonant clusters with no vowel and was subsequently reduplicated to accommodate tonal patterns. They comprise a few irregular verbs.

Eliding stems