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User:Juhhmi/Irbel: Difference between revisions
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*According to the current Master of Spoken, '''Teakp Kwın''' /t͡ɕäxpʰ kuʉ̯ɲ/, sound /ɧ/ is realized as a combination of [f̞] [ʃ̞] and [ç] and educational facilities follow her advice when correcting dialectal variaties and attempting to teach the sound to foreigners. | *According to the current Master of Spoken, '''Teakp Kwın''' /t͡ɕäxpʰ kuʉ̯ɲ/, sound /ɧ/ is realized as a combination of [f̞] [ʃ̞] and [ç] and educational facilities follow her advice when correcting dialectal variaties and attempting to teach the sound to foreigners. | ||
In ''Melıap'' / | Dialectal variation: | ||
*In northern ''Melıap'' /əɲeˈʎæpʰ/ (Wolf) dialect, word-final, the not fully spirantized but aspirated plosives /pʰ/, /tʰ/, /cʰ/ and /kʰ/ have no audible release instead of aspiration: [p̚ ], [t̚ ], [c̚] and [k̚ ]. Example: ''Melıap'' [əɲəjˑɐp̚ ]. Western ''Teapín'' /tʲäpʲiɲ/ (Salmon) shows the opposite trend by having all of its word-final consonants being pronounced as fricatives [ɸ], [θ], [ç] and [x]. Example: ''caco'' [kɑx] (reign) vs. ''cac'' [kəx] (type of fir tree) and ''Melıap'' [eɲeˈʎaˑɸ]. | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
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In most cases, primary stress falls on the first heavy syllable, i.e. syllable containing both onset and coda, or simply on the first syllable, if all the other syllables in the word are equally weighed. Some words, however, have their primary stress on an unusual syllable due to reduction and loss of phonemes (mostly consonant-preceding nasals), and this may be lexical: ''sacpéta'' /ˈsɑx.pʲe.tɑ/ (Foehn wind) vs. /sɑxˈpʲe.tɑ/ (miscellaneous) | In most cases, primary stress falls on the first heavy syllable, i.e. syllable containing both onset and coda, or simply on the first syllable, if all the other syllables in the word are equally weighed. Some words, however, have their primary stress on an unusual syllable due to reduction and loss of phonemes (mostly consonant-preceding nasals), and this may be lexical: ''sacpéta'' /ˈsɑx.pʲe.tɑ/ (Foehn wind) vs. /sɑxˈpʲe.tɑ/ (miscellaneous) | ||
Syllables containing long front vowels ''eu'' /ø:/ or ''ıa'' /æ:/ are always stressed: ''peutíc'' /ˈpʲø:. | Syllables containing long front vowels ''eu'' /ø:/ or ''ıa'' /æ:/ are always stressed: ''peutíc'' /ˈpʲø:.tʲiç/ (stew). | ||
Secondary stress is on the last heavy syllable or on the penultimate light syllable: ''cuítnucarbé'' /ˈkiɕnuˌkɑrvʲe/ (temple portal). | Secondary stress is on the last heavy syllable or on the penultimate light syllable: ''cuítnucarbé'' /ˈkiɕnuˌkɑrvʲe/ (temple portal). | ||
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The language is written with a modified Westlang (Latin) alphabet script. Notable is the phonemic palatalization which naturally occurs in consonants before front vowels /e/ and /i/. Attempts to express the palatalization have accumulated into a complex system which was greatly simplified by '''Beate Lucuc''' /vʲätʲ lukux/ in year 521 of 7th era. | The language is written with a modified Westlang (Latin) alphabet script. Notable is the phonemic palatalization which naturally occurs in consonants before front vowels /e/ and /i/. Attempts to express the palatalization have accumulated into a complex system which was greatly simplified by '''Beate Lucuc''' /vʲätʲ lukux/ in year 521 of 7th era. | ||
*"Mute" front vowels which trigger palatalization: close ''ı'' used with ''u'', and open ''e'' with ''a''. Can be used word-finally to change the last coda consonant into palatalized: '' | *"Mute" front vowels which trigger palatalization: close ''ı'' used with ''u'', and open ''e'' with ''a''. Can be used word-finally to change the last coda consonant into palatalized: ''caco'' /kɑkʰ/ (reign) vs. ''cace'' /kɑcʰ/ (cat). | ||
*"Mute" back vowel ''o'' occurs between vowels and non-palatalized or not fully spirantized coda: ''cac'' / | *"Mute" back vowel ''o'' occurs between vowels and non-palatalized or not fully spirantized coda: ''cac'' /kɑx/ (type of fir tree) vs. ''caco'' /kɑkʰ/. | ||
*Pronounced front vowels: ''í'' and ''é''. Use of ''u'' and ''a'' respectively with consonants, indicates that no palatilization occurs around ''í'' and ''é''. | *Pronounced front vowels: ''í'' and ''é''. Use of ''u'' and ''a'' respectively with consonants, indicates that no palatilization occurs around ''í'' and ''é''. | ||
*Vowels ''ı'' and ''e'' can be used in single-syllable words in place of pronounced ''í'' and ''é'' if there is no risk of confusion: ''céc'' = ''cec'' /ceç/ (long), but ''catéta'' /kɑt͡ɕetɑ/ (agree) ≠ ''cateta'' /kɑɕtɑ/ (beautiful). | *Vowels ''ı'' and ''e'' can be used in single-syllable words in place of pronounced ''í'' and ''é'' if there is no risk of confusion: ''céc'' = ''cec'' /ceç/ (long), but ''catéta'' /kɑt͡ɕetɑ/ (agree) ≠ ''cateta'' /kɑɕtɑ/ (beautiful). | ||
*Only two vowels are written in a same syllable. If palatalization of both onset and coda is required, both triggers are placed after the consonants: ''ceace'' /cäcʰ/ (shock). Notice, that the final palatal consonant is not spirantized as opposed to ''ateaf'' /ɑt͡ɕäç/ (sneeze, "achoo"). | *Only two vowels are written in a same syllable. If palatalization of both onset and coda is required, both triggers are placed after the consonants: ''ceace'' /cäcʰ/ (shock). Notice, that the final palatal consonant is not spirantized as opposed to ''ateaf'' /ɑt͡ɕäç/ (sneeze, "achoo"). | ||
*If a syllable has a front vowel as nucleus but both onset and coda not palatalized, ''h'' can be used to alter the coda instead of ''o'': ''caétaét'' /ketetʲ/ (thousand) vs. ''caétaéht'' /ketetʰ/ (fever). | *If a syllable has a front vowel as nucleus but both onset and coda not palatalized, ''h'' can be used to alter the coda instead of ''o'': ''caétaét'' /ketetʲ/ (thousand) vs. ''caétaéht'' or ''caétaéto'' /ketetʰ/ (fever). | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
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*If long consonants ''m'' /N:/, ''w'' /W:/ and '' | *If long consonants ''m'' /N:/, ''w'' /W:/ and ''y'' /j:/ come before the first heavy syllable in a word, they undergo reduction which gives rise to light syllables: ''lawénat'' /lɑ'''.ʉɥ'''eˈnɑtʰ/ (cover), ''témuyapacté'' /t͡ɕe'''.ə̃n'''u'''.ɨj'''äˈpɑx.t͡ɕe/ (funeral ceremony) | ||
*Word-initial ''w'' before a back vowel is realized as /əw-/ and before front vowels as /əɥ-/. Word-initial ''y'' is similarly /əj-/ and ''m'' is /ən-/. In coda, ''y'' is used only after ''a'' and ''e'' for diphthongs /äɪ̯/ and /ei̯/ respectively | *Word-initial ''w'' before a back vowel is realized as /əw-/ and before front vowels as /əɥ-/. Word-initial ''y'' is similarly /əj-/ and ''m'' is /ən-/. In coda, ''y'' is used only after ''a'' and ''e'' for diphthongs /äɪ̯/ and /ei̯/ respectively | ||
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*When used as lone nuclei, | *When used as lone nuclei, these diphthongs won't trigger palatalization by themselves and palatalization has to be indicated by ı. If followed by a vowel, ''h'' is placed after the grapheme: ''tyıp'' /tɨ:pʲ/ (settlement) vs. ''cyhíp'' /kɨ:hipʲ/ (pinnacle) | ||
===Digraphs=== | ===Digraphs=== | ||
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The construction of words according to previous orthographic rules is called ''Magés'' /ənɑɧeɕ/ or "balancing". How the vowels are distributed into words... Neutral forms; aesthetic variation in poems (word art with meaning-changing accents?) | The construction of words according to previous orthographic rules is called ''Magés'' /ənɑɧeɕ/ or "balancing". How the vowels are distributed into words... Neutral forms; aesthetic variation in poems (word art with meaning-changing accents?) | ||
*Symbols: C consonant, P palatal consonant, | *Symbols: C consonant, P palatal consonant, É front vowel, A back vowel, I palatal trigger, U non-palatal trigger, O non-palatal(2nd)/non-spirantized trigger, L ligature | ||
* | *CAPI & PÉCO; PIAC & CUÉP | ||
* | * | ||