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Zemljask: Difference between revisions
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|fam4 = [[w:Old-Zemljask|Old-Zemljask]] | |fam4 = [[w:Old-Zemljask|Old-Zemljask]] | ||
|ancestor = Old Zemljask | |ancestor = Old Zemljask | ||
|dia1 = Maribor (''Marborgask'') | |dia1 = Maribor (''Marborgask'') | ||
|dia2 = Sereian/Northern (''Serejask'') | |dia2 = Sereian/Northern (''Serejask'') | ||
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|mapsize = 280px | |mapsize = 280px | ||
|mapcaption = Borders of the Zemljask language (''Mladźe Zemljska Reći) | |mapcaption = Borders of the Zemljask language (''Mladźe Zemljska Reći) | ||
|creator = Aleisi Galan | |||
|notice = IPA | |notice = IPA | ||
}} | }} | ||
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| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]] | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]] | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʒ]] | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʒ]] | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ɕ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʑ]] | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Velar_fricative|x]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Velar_fricative|x]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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Notes: | Notes: | ||
# [ŋ] is an allophone of [n] when it occurs next to a Velar consonant (one of [k], [g], [x]) | # [ŋ] is an allophone of [n] when it occurs next to a Velar consonant (one of [k], [g], [x]). | ||
# The consonants /p/, /t/, /k/ are usually aspirated [p<sup>h</sup>], [t<sup>h</sup>], [k<sup>h</sup>]. | # The consonants /p/, /t/, /k/ are usually aspirated [p<sup>h</sup>], [t<sup>h</sup>], [k<sup>h</sup>]. | ||
# The pronunciation of the palatal consonants /t͡ɕ/ and /d͡ʑ/ varies by region. The Northern pronunciation is [t͡ɕ], [d͡ʑ], matching the Standard language as set out by the '' | # The pronunciation of the palatal consonants /t͡ɕ/ and /d͡ʑ/ varies by region. The Northern pronunciation is [t͡ɕ], [d͡ʑ], matching the Standard language as set out by the ''Rozjana Zemljska Reći'' while in the Central to Intermediate Southern regions, the typical pronunciation is [t͡ʃ], [d͡ʒ], and in the ''Dalmacask'' and ''Tragešćask'' dialects it typically is [t͡s], [d͡s]. The Southern feature is shared with some dialects of Polish. | ||
# [f] is a very rare sound in Zemljask and appears primarily in words loaned from other languages. Some speakers in informal settings may merge this sound with [v]. | # [f] is a very rare sound in Zemljask and appears primarily in words loaned from other languages. Some speakers in informal settings may merge this sound with [v]. | ||
# The sounds [v] and [l], in coda position, lenite to the approximant [ʋ]. | # The sounds [v] and [l], in coda position, lenite to the approximant [ʋ]. | ||
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! Back | ! Back | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! [[w:Mid vowel|Closed]] | ||
| [[w:IPA link|i]] | |||
| [[w:IPA link|ɪ]] | |||
| [[w:IPA link|u]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
! [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]] | ! [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]] | ||
| [[w:IPA link|e]] | | [[w:IPA link|e]] | ||
| [[w:Mid_central_vowel| | | [[w:Mid_central_vowel|ər]]<sup>1</sup> | ||
| [[w:IPA link|o]] | | [[w:IPA link|o]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
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Notes: | Notes: | ||
# The syllabic consonant [r̩] is typically (and officially permitted to be) pronounced as [ər]. | # The syllabic consonant [r̩] is typically (and officially permitted to be) pronounced as [ər]. | ||
# the vowels [ɛ] and [ɔ] are both phonetic and phonemic, being vowels in their own right (written as <è> and < | # the vowels [ɛ] and [ɔ] are both phonetic and phonemic, being vowels in their own right (written variously as <è>, <ai>, <ò>, and <au>) as well as allophones of [e] and [o] when preceeded by a Soft-Consonant. | ||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
Stress in Zemljask, in theory, is unpredictable, however it most often is placed moderately heavily on the initial syllable. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: left; border-collapse:collapse;" | |||
! colspan="30" | Zemljask Prosody | |||
|- | |||
| Alovac || [ˈalovat͡s] || Here, the stress is placed on the initial syllable. | |||
|- | |||
| Alovca || [alˈoʋt͡sa] || However, stress often moves in certain inflections. In this case, the loss of a vowel pushes it forwards, like in most roots with mobile vowels. | |||
|- | |||
| Fanèla || [fa.ˈnɛ.la] || In most Illyrian loans, and a few native Zemljask words, the stress falls on the penultimate syllable. | |||
|- | |||
| Gavati || [ga.ˈva.ti] || For verbs, the stress on the infinitive is penultimate. | |||
|- | |||
| Gavaš || [ˈga.vaʃ] || While the primary stress when conjugated falls upon the root-final syllable. | |||
|- | |||
| Kytiti || [ˈkɪ.ti.ti] || However, -iti verbs have permanent root-final stress. | |||
|- | |||
| Gavljenje || [gaʋ.ˈʎɛ.ɲɛ] || When an ending is composed of multiple syllables, the verb once again gains penultimate stress. | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==Morphophonology== | |||
There exists in Zemljask a rich morphophonology of numerous variations in stems that take place under a variety of conditions: | |||
===Consonant Alternation=== | |||
# Consonants are split into hard and soft, based on their phonetic value and may alternate between these forms under certain conditions (typically Hard to Soft): | # Consonants are split into hard and soft, based on their phonetic value and may alternate between these forms under certain conditions (typically Hard to Soft): | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;" | {| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;" | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="25" | Hard and Soft Consonants | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Hard || m || n || p || b || t || d || k || g || f || v || s || z || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || h || l || - | | Hard || m || n || p || b || t || d || k || g || - || - ||f || v || s || z || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || h || l || - | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Soft || mlj || nj || plj || blj || ć || dź || č || dž || flj || vlj || š || ž || š || ž || č || dž || ć || dź || š || rj/š || lj || j | | Soft || mlj || nj || plj || blj || ć || dź || č || dž || c || dz || flj || vlj || š || ž || š || ž || č || dž || ć || dź || š || rj/š || lj || j | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Mobile Vowels=== | |||
The other primary mode of alternation is the ''mobile "A"'', which may appear or disappear in certain cases or inflections. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||