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User:Juhhmi/Ljopva: Difference between revisions
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| | | | ||
| ʂ | | ʂ | ||
| ç | | ç ʑ | ||
| x | | x | ||
| h | | h | ||
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| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
Co-articulated consonants: k͡p | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
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| ɔ | | ɔ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !Open | ||
|a | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
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===Sound changes=== | ===Sound changes=== | ||
lordlang>godlang>old spellang>spellang; old spellang loans into old ljopva>ljopva | |||
*ku>kʷ><br>kʷe>k͡ve>k͡ⱱɛ>k͡ⱱa>ⱱa<br>kʷ/V_∅>w | *ku>kʷ><br>kʷe>k͡ve>k͡ⱱɛ>k͡ⱱa>ⱱa<br>kʷ/V_∅>w | ||
*ka>xa | |||
*gu>gʷ>k͡p | *gu>gʷ>k͡p | ||
*g/V_V>k; g/V_∅>ɰ | *g/V_V>k; g/V_∅>ɰ>x | ||
*b>β>w | *b>β>w | ||
*p/∅_V>p̪; p/V_V>ⱱ | *p/∅_V>pʋ>p̪; p/V_V>pʋ>ⱱ | ||
*pr>ʙ | *pr>ʙ | ||
*m>ɱ | *m>ɱ | ||
*n/_V[rounded]>ɳ | *n/_V[rounded]>ɳ | ||
*n/_V[front]>ɲ | *n/_V[front]>ɲ | ||
*n/_k>ŋ | |||
*ŋkʷ>ŋw>ŋ͡ʋ>ŋ͡ɱ>ɱ | *ŋkʷ>ŋw>ŋ͡ʋ>ŋ͡ɱ>ɱ | ||
* | *s/V_∅>ç>h>:<br>s/_V[front vowel]>ɕ; s/_V[back vowel]>ʂ | ||
*sʷ>sʋ>sf><br>>f<br>sf/i_∅>s͡f (whistle) | *sʷ>sʋ>sf><br>>f<br>sf/i_∅>s͡f (whistle) | ||
*l/_V[rounded]>ɭ | *l/_V[rounded]>ɭ | ||
*lʷ>ɭ | *lʷ>ɭ | ||
*ls>lɬ>ɬ | *ls>lɬ>ɬ | ||
*li>lj>j | *li/V_>lj>j | ||
* | *t/V_V>ɾ<br>ɾ/_V[back]>ɽ; ɾ/_V[front]>ʔ | ||
*t/_V[rounded]>ʈ | |||
*ti>tʲi>ci | *ti>tʲi>ci | ||
* | *ki>ci | ||
*ci/[unstressed]>çi>ɕi<br>ɕi/V_∅>ɕ; ɕi/V_C>ʝ>j; ɕi/V_V>ʑ | |||
*ɛ>a | *ɛ>a | ||
*e>ɛ; ɛ/C[labio-dental]_>a | |||
*ʌ>ɔ | *ʌ>ɔ | ||
*i>ɨ | *i>ɨ | ||
*ɯ>u | *ɯ>u>ɵ | ||
*u>o | *u>o>ɤ | ||
==Phonotactics== | ==Phonotactics== | ||
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===Stress=== | ===Stress=== | ||
===Tone=== | |||
Only in eastern dialects: e.g. ''ti'' /cí/ vs. ''ki'' /cì/ | |||
==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||
===Native script=== | ===Native script=== | ||
Written from right to left in zigzag rows consisting of hexagons. Logographic symbols, loaned from Spellang, form the nucleus of writing: the symbols are surrounded by a six-place template for morphemic symbols tied with the core to form expressions and clauses. | |||
===Romanization=== | ===Romanization=== | ||
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====Mood==== | ====Mood==== | ||
potentials: physical vs. magical | potentials: physical vs. magical | ||
evidentials: visual, sensory, hearsay, foretelling | |||
evidentials: visual, sensory, hearsay, foretelling (--> destiny?) | |||
relative form: "brown is-(relative), cat-(topic) there sits" (The cat, which is brown, sits there.) | |||
contrastive form: "good with-drawing I-am, bad with-sports I-am-(contrastive)" (I'm good at drawing but bad at sports.) vs. "good with-drawing I-am-(contrastive), bad pens I-have" (I'm good at drawing even though I have bad pens.") | |||
===Topic=== | ===Topic=== | ||