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Chelsian: Difference between revisions
→Forms based on the present stem
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The present stem is obtained by removing the infinitive ending (''-(i)āre, -ēre, -ere,'' or ''-īre'') from the second principal part. | The present stem is obtained by removing the infinitive ending (''-(i)āre, -ēre, -ere,'' or ''-īre'') from the second principal part. | ||
Many verbs in the third and forth conjugations have a secondary present stem distinct from the primary present stem. This is obtained by removing ''-(i)ō'' from the first principal part. | Many verbs in the third and forth conjugations have a secondary present stem distinct from the primary present stem. This is obtained by removing ''-(i)ō'' from the first principal part and maintaining its hardness/softness. | ||
In the 2nd and 4th declensions, the stem-final consonant is always soft, which is indicated with an ''-i-'' before back vowels (which is dropped if the stem ends in ''-j-''). In the 1st and 3rd declensions, the stem-final consonant may be hard or soft. | In the 2nd and 4th declensions, the stem-final consonant is always soft, which is indicated with an ''-i-'' before back vowels (which is dropped if the stem ends in ''-j-''). In the 1st and 3rd declensions, the stem-final consonant may be hard or soft. | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | ||
|+ | |+ Finite tenses based on the present stem | ||
! rowspan="2"| Person/<br />number !! colspan="4" | Present indicative !! colspan=" | ! rowspan="2"| Person/<br />number !! colspan="4" | Present indicative !! colspan="4" | Present subjunctive !! colspan="4" | Imperfect indicative !! colspan="4"| Imperfect subjunctive | ||
|- | |||
! 1st !! 2nd !! 3rd !! 4th !! 1st !! 2nd !! 3rd !! 4th !! 1st !! 2nd !! 3rd !! 4th !! 1st !! 2nd !! 3rd !! 4th | |||
|- | |||
! 1S | |||
| ''-(i)ō'' || ''-iō'' || ''-[i]ō''¹ || ''-iō''¹ || ''-ę'' || colspan="3"| ''-(i)ą''¹ || ''-(i)āvą'' || colspan="3"| ''-ēvą''¹ || ''-(i)ārę'' || ''-ērę''|| ''-erę'' || ''-īrę'' | |||
|- | |||
! 2S | |||
| ''-(i)ās'' || ''-ēs'' || ''-is'' || ''-īs'' || ''-ēs'' || colspan="3"| ''-(i)ās''¹ || ''-āvās'' || colspan="3"| ''-ēvās''¹|| ''-(i)ārēs'' || ''-ērēs''|| ''-erēs'' || ''-īrēs'' | |||
|- | |||
! 3S | |||
| ''-(i)at'' || ''-et'' || ''-it'' || ''-it'' || ''-et'' || colspan="3"| ''-(i)at''¹ || ''-āvat'' || colspan="3"| ''-ēvat''¹|| ''-(i)āret'' || ''-ēret''|| ''-eret'' || ''-īret'' | |||
|- | |||
! 1P | |||
| ''-(i)āmus'' || ''-ēmus'' || ''-imus'' || ''-īmus'' || ''-ēmus'' || colspan="3"| ''-(i)āmus''¹ || ''-āvāmus'' || colspan="3"| ''-ēvāmus''¹|| ''-(i)ārēmus'' || ''-ērēmus''|| ''-erēmus'' || ''-īrēmus'' | |||
|- | |||
! 2P | |||
| ''-(i)ātis'' || ''-ētis'' || ''-itis'' || ''-ītis'' || ''-ētis'' || colspan="3"| ''-(i)ātis''¹ || ''-āvātis'' || colspan="3"| ''-ēvātis''¹|| ''-(i)ārētis'' || ''-ērētis''|| ''-erētis'' || ''-īrētis'' | |||
|- | |||
! 3P | |||
| ''-(i)ant'' || ''-ent'' || ''-(i)unt''¹ || ''-[i]unt''¹ || ''-ent'' || colspan="3"| ''-(i)ant''¹ || ''-āvant'' || colspan="3"| ''-ēvant''¹|| ''-(i)ārent'' || ''-ērent''|| ''-erent'' || ''-īrent'' | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
'''Notes:''' | |||
¹ Uses the secondary present stem (if applicable). | |||
====Forms based on the perfect stem==== | ====Forms based on the perfect stem==== | ||